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Baldacchini C, Castanheiro A, Maghakyan N, Sgrigna G, Verhelst J, Alonso R, Amorim JH, Bellan P, Bojović DĐ, Breuste J, Bühler O, Cântar IC, Cariñanos P, Carriero G, Churkina G, Dinca L, Esposito R, Gawroński SW, Kern M, Le Thiec D, Moretti M, Ningal T, Rantzoudi EC, Sinjur I, Stojanova B, Aničić Urošević M, Velikova V, Živojinović I, Sahakyan L, Calfapietra C, Samson R. How Does the Amount and Composition of PM Deposited on Platanus acerifolia Leaves Change Across Different Cities in Europe? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:1147-1156. [PMID: 28060487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) deposited on Platanus acerifolia tree leaves has been sampled in the urban areas of 28 European cities, over 20 countries, with the aim of testing leaf deposited particles as indicator of atmospheric PM concentration and composition. Leaves have been collected close to streets characterized by heavy traffic and within urban parks. Leaf surface density, dimensions, and elemental composition of leaf deposited particles have been compared with leaf magnetic content, and discussed in connection with air quality data. The PM quantity and size were mainly dependent on the regional background concentration of particles, while the percentage of iron-based particles emerged as a clear marker of traffic-related pollution in most of the sites. This indicates that Platanus acerifolia is highly suitable to be used in atmospheric PM monitoring studies and that morphological and elemental characteristics of leaf deposited particles, joined with the leaf magnetic content, may successfully allow urban PM source apportionment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Baldacchini
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council (IBAF-CNR), Via Marconi 2, Porano 05010, & Via Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Ana Castanheiro
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Nairuhi Maghakyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia , Abovyan 68, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Gregorio Sgrigna
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council (IBAF-CNR), Via Marconi 2, Porano 05010, & Via Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Jolien Verhelst
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Rocío Alonso
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT , Avda. Complutense 22, edif. 70, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Jorge H Amorim
- CESAM and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro , Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Patrick Bellan
- Vegetation Consultant/Landscape Engineer, Båstadsgatan 6a, Malmö 21439, Sweden
| | - Danijela Đunisijević Bojović
- Department for Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade , Kneza Višeslava 1, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jürgen Breuste
- Department of Geography and Geology, University of Salzburg , Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Oliver Bühler
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 23, Frederiksberg 1958, Denmark
| | - Ilie C Cântar
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Dracea″, Padurea Verde Alley 8, Timisoara 300310, & B-dul Eroilor 128, Bucharest 077190, Romania
| | - Paloma Cariñanos
- Department of Botany, University of Granada & IISTA-CEAMA, Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research , Av. Mediterraneo, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Giulia Carriero
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Galina Churkina
- Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) , Berlinerstr 130, Potsdam 14467, Germany
| | - Lucian Dinca
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Dracea″, Padurea Verde Alley 8, Timisoara 300310, & B-dul Eroilor 128, Bucharest 077190, Romania
| | - Raffaela Esposito
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council (IBAF-CNR), Via Marconi 2, Porano 05010, & Via Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Stanisław W Gawroński
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences , Ul. Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Maren Kern
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences HAFL, Bern University of Applied Sciences , Länggasse 85, Zollikofen 3052, Switzerland
| | - Didier Le Thiec
- UMR EEF, INRA, Université de Lorraine , Champenoux 54280, France
| | - Marco Moretti
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Tine Ningal
- School of Geography, University College of Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eleni C Rantzoudi
- Department of Forestry and Management of Environment and Natural Resources, Dimocritus University of Thrace , Pantazidou 193, Orestiada 68200, Greece
| | - Iztok Sinjur
- Slovenian Forestry Institute , Večna pot 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Biljana Stojanova
- Department of Urban Greenery, Public Enterprise "Parks and Greenery", Bul. Ilindenska 104, Skopje 1000, Macedonia
| | - Mira Aničić Urošević
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade , Pregrevica 118, Belgrade 11080, Serbia
| | - Violeta Velikova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Ivana Živojinović
- European Forest Institute Central-East and South-East European Regional Office (EFICEEC-EFISEE), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna, Feistmantelstrasse 4, Vienna 1180, Austria
| | - Lilit Sahakyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia , Abovyan 68, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council (IBAF-CNR), Via Marconi 2, Porano 05010, & Via Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Roeland Samson
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
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