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Izquierdo-García E, Lázaro-Cebas A, Montero Pastor B, Such Díaz A, Álvaro-Alonso EA, López Guerra L, Escobar-Rodríguez I. Design of mobile and website health application devices for drug tolerability in hereditary fructose intolerance. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:12. [PMID: 38183105 PMCID: PMC10770908 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-03011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a rare metabolic disease caused by aldolase B deficiency. The aim of our study was to analyse excipient tolerability in patients with HFI and other related diseases and to design mobile and website health applications to facilitate the search for drugs according to their tolerance. RESULTS A total of 555 excipients listed in the Spanish Medicines Agency database (July 2023) were classified as suitable for HFI patients, suitable with considerations ((glucose and glucose syrup, intravenous sucrose, oral mannitol, polydextrose, gums and carrageenans, ethanol, sulfite caramel and vanilla), not recommended (intravenous mannitol) and contraindicated (fructose, oral sucrose, invert sugar, sorbitol, maltitol, lactitol, isomaltitol, fruit syrups, honey, sucrose esters and sorbitol esters). Glucose and glucose syrup were classified as suitable with considerations due to its possible fructose content and their potential endogenous fructose production. For other related intolerances, wheat starch was contraindicated and oatmeal was not recommended in celiac disease; oral lactose and lactose-based coprocessed excipient (Cellactose®) were not recommended in lactose intolerance; and glucose, invert sugar and oral sucrose were not recommended in diabetes mellitus. The applications were named IntoMed®. Results are listed in order of tolerability (suitable drugs appear first and contraindicated drugs at the end), and they are accompanied by a note detailing their classified excipients. If a drug contains excipients within different categories, the overall classification will be the most restrictive. The apps are also able to classify substances with the same criteria if they act as active ingredients. The tools exhibited good usability (82.07 ± 13.46 points on the System Usability Scale [range: 0-100]) on a sample of HFI patients, their families and health care professionals. CONCLUSIONS IntoMed® is a tool for finding information about the tolerability of drugs according to excipients for patients with HFI and other related intolerances, with good usability. It is a fast and reliable system that covers the current excipient legislation and expands on it with other specific information: HFI patients should be alert for excipients such as mannitol (especially in intravenous drugs), fruit syrups, honey, sulfite caramel or vanilla. Glucose might contain or produce fructose, and special precaution is needed because of potential errors in their composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Izquierdo-García
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Av. Gran Vía del Este, 80, Madrid, 28031, Spain.
| | - Andrea Lázaro-Cebas
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Berta Montero Pastor
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Av. Gran Vía del Este, 80, Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Ana Such Díaz
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Av. Gran Vía del Este, 80, Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Elena Alba Álvaro-Alonso
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Av. Gran Vía del Este, 80, Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Laura López Guerra
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Av. Gran Vía del Este, 80, Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Ismael Escobar-Rodríguez
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Av. Gran Vía del Este, 80, Madrid, 28031, Spain
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Bioactive Compounds from Elderberry: Extraction, Health Benefits, and Food Applications. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10112288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderberries are appreciated for their antioxidant properties. Sambucus nigra L. is an extremely abundant plant in the wild flora of Romania, but it is underutilized. Elderberry is used in modern and traditional medicine due to the complex chemical composition of the fruit. The content of phenolic compounds is high (516–8974 mg/100 g DW), of which the most abundant are anthocyanins. Phenolic compounds are known for their beneficial effects on the body. Numerous studies have demonstrated the antioxidant capacity, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties of the fruit. It is considered that most of the therapeutic properties of elderberries can be correlated with the antioxidant activity they have. S. nigra fruits are also used in the food industry. Some studies have shown that the therapeutic properties of elderberries can also be found in the products obtained from them. Therefore, this review aimed to describe the chemical composition of elderberries and products obtained from them, the positive effects on the body, and the methods by which the bioactive compounds can be extracted from the fruits and analyzed. This manuscript is useful for extraction optimization and characterization in order to valorize new functional foods, food supplements, and also in new pharmaceutical products.
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Rocchetti G, Becchi PP, Lucini L, Cittadini A, Munekata PES, Pateiro M, Domínguez R, Lorenzo JM. Elderberry ( Sambucus nigra L.) Encapsulated Extracts as Meat Extenders against Lipid and Protein Oxidation during the Shelf-Life of Beef Burgers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112130. [PMID: 36358504 PMCID: PMC9687035 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we studied the impact of encapsulated elderberry extracts as natural meat extenders to preserve both the quality and the oxidative stability of beef burgers. In particular, the comprehensive chemical changes of beef burgers treated with different antioxidants, namely, (a) a control without antioxidants, (b) 0.5 g/kg sodium erythorbate (ERY), (c) 2.5 g/kg encapsulated elderberry extract (EE 2.5), and (d) 5 g/kg encapsulated elderberry extract (EE 5), each one packaged under modified atmosphere (80% O2 and 20% CO2) for 13 days storage at 2 ± 1 °C, were deeply evaluated. Overall, EEs showed a wide array of antioxidant compounds, namely polyphenols like anthocyanins, flavonols, and phenolic acids. Multivariate statistics provided marked chemical differences between burgers manufactured with EEs and synthetic antioxidants (ERY) during 13-days storage in terms of both metabolomic profiles and typical lipid/protein oxidation markers (such as malondialdehyde and total carbonyls). Most of the differences could be attributed to some discriminant compounds, namely glutathione, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, hydroxy/peroxy-derivatives of fatty acids, carbonyl compounds (such as 5-nonen-2-one and 1,5-octadien-3-one), and cholesterol. Interestingly, significant correlations (p < 0.01) were observed between malondialdehyde, total carbonyls, and these discriminant metabolites. The combination of spectrophotometric approaches and a high-throughput untargeted metabolomics analysis outlined a strong modulation of both lipid and protein oxidations, likely promoted by the encapsulated meat extender (elderberry), thus confirming its ability to delay oxidative phenomena during the shelf-life of beef burgers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (R.D.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Pier Paolo Becchi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Aurora Cittadini
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Avd. Galicia N° 4, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Instituto de Innovación y Sostenibilidad en la Cadena Agroalimentaria (IS-FOOD), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Arrosadia Campus, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paulo E. S. Munekata
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Avd. Galicia N° 4, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Avd. Galicia N° 4, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - Rubén Domínguez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Avd. Galicia N° 4, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (R.D.); (J.M.L.)
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Avd. Galicia N° 4, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (R.D.); (J.M.L.)
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The Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Sambucus nigra L. and Sambucus nigra Haschberg during Growth Phases: From Buds to Ripening. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071093. [PMID: 34356325 PMCID: PMC8301142 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Elderberry growth phases represent an irreversible process involving a series of biochemical changes that have an extremely important impact on nutritional characteristics. The aim was to assess the impact of genotype and maturity stage on phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and mineral profile in Sambucus plants harvested during different growth phases, from green elder flower buds to purple-black elderberries, including pollen, peduncles and seeds. Growth phases proved to have a greater influence compared to varieties. The green buds and flowers of both varieties had a high concentration of quercetin 3-rutinoside, also termed the key compound of the study. It was found that antioxidant activity varied in the following order: blooming elder flower pollen > white elder flower buds > blooming elder flowers. Based on these findings, several novel food ingredients and supplements could be obtained in order to develop innovative health-promoting products.
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Appenteng MK, Krueger R, Johnson MC, Ingold H, Bell R, Thomas AL, Greenlief CM. Cyanogenic Glycoside Analysis in American Elderberry. Molecules 2021; 26:1384. [PMID: 33806603 PMCID: PMC7961730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanogenic glycosides (CNGs) are naturally occurring plant molecules (nitrogenous plant secondary metabolites) which consist of an aglycone and a sugar moiety. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is released from these compounds following enzymatic hydrolysis causing potential toxicity issues. The presence of CNGs in American elderberry (AE) fruit, Sambucus nigra (subsp. canadensis), is uncertain. A sensitive, reproducible and robust LC-MS/MS method was developed and optimized for accurate identification and quantification of the intact glycoside. A complimentary picrate paper test method was modified to determine the total cyanogenic potential (TCP). TCP analysis was performed using a camera-phone and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. A method validation was conducted and the developed methods were successfully applied to the assessment of TCP and quantification of intact CNGs in different tissues of AE samples. Results showed no quantifiable trace of CNGs in commercial AE juice. Levels of CNGs found in various fruit tissues of AE cultivars studied ranged from between 0.12 and 6.38 µg/g. In pressed juice samples, the concentration range measured was 0.29-2.36 µg/mL and in seeds the levels were 0.12-2.38 µg/g. TCP was highest in the stems and green berries. Concentration levels in all tissues were generally low and at a level that poses no threat to consumers of fresh and processed AE products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Appenteng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.K.A.); (R.K.); (M.C.J.); (H.I.)
| | - Ritter Krueger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.K.A.); (R.K.); (M.C.J.); (H.I.)
| | - Mitch C. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.K.A.); (R.K.); (M.C.J.); (H.I.)
| | - Harrison Ingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.K.A.); (R.K.); (M.C.J.); (H.I.)
| | - Richard Bell
- Department of Chemistry, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA;
| | - Andrew L. Thomas
- Division of Plant Sciences, Southwest Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - C. Michael Greenlief
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.K.A.); (R.K.); (M.C.J.); (H.I.)
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Domínguez R, Zhang L, Rocchetti G, Lucini L, Pateiro M, Munekata PES, Lorenzo JM. Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) as potential source of antioxidants. Characterization, optimization of extraction parameters and bioactive properties. Food Chem 2020; 330:127266. [PMID: 32540528 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize the nutritional value and potential use of elderberries as a source of antioxidant compounds. The chemical composition, fatty acids and phenolic compounds were determined for elderberries. The optimization of extraction parameters was designed with a Box-Behnken design coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability function analysis. The process parameters tested included extraction temperature, % of ethanol and pH, while response variables were global extraction yield, total phenolic and anthocyanins content (TAC), carotenoids and antioxidant activity. Analyses revealed that elderberry was a rich source of total soluble solids, proteins and polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3: 38.12 g/100 g and omega-6: 39.54 g/100 g fatty acids). Regarding phenolic compounds, elderberries were found abundant in flavonoids (rutin and quercetin), and phenolic acids (i.e. gallic acid and gentisic acid). Finally, numerical optimization indicated that the best extraction parameters were the following: temperature 60 °C, 50% of ethanol and pH 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Domínguez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avda. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avda. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Paulo E S Munekata
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avda. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain.
| | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avda. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Antiproliferative efficacy of elderberries and elderflowers (Sambucus canadensis) on glioma and brain endothelial cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Johnson MC, Dela Libera Tres M, Thomas AL, Rottinghaus GE, Greenlief CM. Discriminant Analyses of the Polyphenol Content of American Elderberry Juice from Multiple Environments Provide Genotype Fingerprint. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4044-4050. [PMID: 28475841 PMCID: PMC5515078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of American elderberry (Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis) continues to increase as the use of this botanical has expanded. Elderberries contain a variety of polyphenols, including anthocyanins, which have purported health benefits. However, information is lacking regarding the impact of environmental, management, and genotypic factors on the quantity and type of polyphenols and anthocyanins produced. Quantification of 16 polyphenols including eight anthocyanins present in juice from three genotypes of American elderberry grown at two Missouri sites from 2013 to 2014 was performed. Large variances in anthocyanin and other polyphenol content were observed between the different harvest seasons, locations, and genotypes. Although specific phytochemical trends due to those factors were not apparent, a discriminant analysis was able to correctly identify 45 of 48 juice samples by genotype, based on their polyphenol profiles. This type of characterization could be beneficial in elderberry authentication studies and to help develop and document high-quality dietary supplement products with specific phytochemical contents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matheus Dela Libera Tres
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, University of Sao Paulo , Pirassununga, SP 05508, Brazil
| | - Andrew L Thomas
- Division of Plant Sciences, Southwest Research Center, University of Missouri , Mt. Vernon, Missouri 65712, United States
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Mikulic-Petkovsek M, Ivancic A, Schmitzer V, Veberic R, Stampar F. Comparison of major taste compounds and antioxidative properties of fruits and flowers of different Sambucus species and interspecific hybrids. Food Chem 2016; 200:134-40. [PMID: 26830570 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Differences in the content of sugars, organic acids, total phenolics and antioxidative activity have been evaluated among three different elderberry species (Sambucus nigra, Sambucus cerulea, Sambucus javanica) and seven interspecific hybrids. The highest content of sugars has been determined in the fruits of JA×CER hybrid and the lowest in fruits of (JA×NI)×cv. Black Beauty hybrid. S. nigra berries contained highest levels of total organic acids. S. nigra and (JA×NI)×CER flower extracts were characterized by 1.3- to 2.8-fold higher content of total sugars compared to other species/hybrids analyzed. Total phenolic content (TPC) in berries ranged from 3687 to 6831 mg GAE per kg FW. The highest TPC has been determined in S. nigra fruits and flowers. The ABTS scavenging activity differed significantly among species and hybrids and ranged from 3.2 to 39.59 mM trolox/kgF W in fruits and 44.87-118.26 mM trolox/kg DW in flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Anton Ivancic
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute for Genetics, Hoce, Slovenia
| | - Valentina Schmitzer
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Veberic
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franci Stampar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Johnson MC, Thomas AL, Greenlief CM. Impact of Frozen Storage on the Anthocyanin and Polyphenol Contents of American Elderberry Fruit Juice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5653-5659. [PMID: 26028422 PMCID: PMC4472577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of frozen storage on the anthocyanin and polyphenol content of elderberry fruit juice are investigated. Juice from three genotypes of American elderberry (Adams II, Bob Gordon, and Wyldewood) was screened for total phenolic (TP) and total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) contents with spectrophotometric methods. The individual anthocyanin content (IAC) of the juice was tested by coupling solid phase extraction with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Juice samples were tested initially upon harvest and then again after 3, 6, and 9 months of frozen storage. Juice from the three different genotypes had significantly different TP, TMA, and IAC profiles initially (p < 0.05). The TP, TMA, and IAC contents of the juice from different genotypes were significantly affected (p < 0.05) by the frozen storage time, suggesting that both genotype and length of frozen storage time can affect the anthocyanin content of elderberry fruit juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch C. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia Missouri 65211
| | - Andrew L. Thomas
- Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia Missouri 65211
- Southwest Research Center, University of Missouri, Mt. Vernon, Missouri 65712
| | - C. Michael Greenlief
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia Missouri 65211
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Thomas AL, Byers PL, Avery JD, Kaps M, Gu S. Horticultural Performance of Eight American Elderberry Genotypes at Three Missouri Locations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1061:237-244. [PMID: 27158183 DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2015.1061.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
American elderberry (Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis) is being increasingly cultivated in North America for its edible and medicinal fruit and flowers, yet remains largely undeveloped as a horticultural crop. Productive genotypes with desirable horticultural attributes, including disease and insect resistance, precocity, uniform fruit ripening, and large berry size are needed in order to advance the commercial production of elderberries. A four-year study of eight elderberry genotypes was established in 2008 at three diverse Missouri (USA) locations. Phenology, plant morphology, pest susceptibility, productivity, and fruit characteristics data were collected over three growing seasons, 2009-2011. Significant differences for most phenological, horticultural, and fruit juice characteristics were observed among the three sites, three years, and eight genotypes. The genotype 'Ozark' was the earliest to break bud, produced fruit with high levels of soluble solids, and out-yielded most other genotypes at the three sites over the three-year study. None of the new genotypes produced berries as large as or larger than the standard 'York' which is known for its large fruit. Some of the genotypes tested, especially 'Ozark' show promise as potential cultivars and as breeding stock for further development of elderberry as a commercially-viable horticultural crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Thomas
- University of Missouri, Southwest Research Center, Mt. Vernon, Missouri, USA
| | - P L Byers
- University of Missouri, Cooperative Extension Service, Springfield, Missouri, USA
| | - J D Avery
- Missouri State University, State Fruit Experiment Station, Mountain Grove, Missouri, USA
| | - M Kaps
- Missouri State University, State Fruit Experiment Station, Mountain Grove, Missouri, USA
| | - S Gu
- North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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Thomas AL, Byers PL, Avery JD, Kaps M, Gu S, Johnson HY, Millican M. 'Marge': a European Elderberry for North American Producers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1061:191-199. [PMID: 27182104 DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2015.1061.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Elderberries are being increasingly produced and consumed in North America for their edible and medicinal flowers and fruits. The American elderberry (Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis) is native to, and most often cultivated in North America. The European elderberry (S. nigra subsp. nigra) has been developed into an economically-important horticultural crop in Europe, but most European cultivars do not perform well in the midwestern USA. The genotype S. nigra subsp. nigra 'Marge' is an open-pollinated seedling of S. nigra subsp. nigra 'Haschberg', which is one of the most popular elderberry cultivars grown in Europe. In a four-year study (one establishment year followed by 3 production years; 2008-2011) at three Missouri (USA) locations, 'Marge' significantly out-performed and out-yielded eight American elderberry genotypes within the same replicated field plots. Across 3 production years at all three sites, 'Marge' achieved budbreak later, flowered earlier, suffered less Eriophyid mite damage, was taller, produced larger berries, and yielded significantly greater amounts of fruit compared with all eight American elderberry genotypes in the study. At one site, 'Marge' produced three times the yield (1.89 kg/plant) compared with the next highest-producing American elderberry genotype (0.65 kg/plant). It is an exceptionally robust and drought-resistant elderberry. The phenotypic attributes of 'Marge' are similar to that of European elderberry except that it performs exceptionally well in the midwestern USA. DNA marker results, along with phenological and morphological characteristics, indicate that 'Marge' is a European elderberry (S. nigra subsp. nigra). As with most European genotypes, 'Marge' does not fruit on first-year wood, and will therefore require a different pruning regimen compared with American elderberry for success in North American production. We do not yet know how 'Marge' will perform outside the midwestern USA, but it is so productive, unique, and mite resistant, that it merits introduction as a cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Thomas
- University of Missouri, Southwest Research Center, Mt. Vernon, Missouri, USA
| | - P L Byers
- University of Missouri, Cooperative Extension Service, Springfield, Missouri, USA
| | - J D Avery
- Missouri State University, State Fruit Experiment Station, Mountain Grove, Missouri, USA
| | - M Kaps
- Missouri State University, State Fruit Experiment Station, Mountain Grove, Missouri, USA
| | - S Gu
- North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - H-Y Johnson
- Lincoln University, Jefferson City, Missouri, USA
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