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Ying J, Tao H, He Q, Zhang Z, Hu W, Chen S, Guan Y. Children's Dental Fear: Occurrence Mechanism and Prevention Guidance. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:2013-2021. [PMID: 37484820 PMCID: PMC10362871 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s412412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Children's dental fear (CDF) has become one of the main reasons affecting the quality of dental treatment. In order to reduce the incidence of CDF in China before and after children's dental visits, this review applies literature analysis and empirical summary methods to analyze and summarize academic discussions on this topic, including occurrence mechanism, prevention guidance, and the conclusion that the occurrence and prevention of CDF is closely related with children's internal characteristics and external influences. In the end, we propose a breakthrough of combining the CFSS-DS scale and three-grade prevention theory together in the future to provide new ideas and hypotheses for the prevention of CDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxun Ying
- Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanbo Tao
- Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan He
- Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiruo Zhang
- Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfei Hu
- Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuting Chen
- School of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Guan
- Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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Fu SW, Li S, Shi ZY, He QL. Interrater agreement between children's self-reported and their mothers' proxy-reported dental anxiety: a Chinese cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:139. [PMID: 36899301 PMCID: PMC10007847 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's dental anxiety is common in dental clinics. This study aimed to determine the interrater agreement between children's self-reported and their mothers' proxy-reported dental anxiety and its affecting factors. METHODS In this cross-sectional study performed in a dental clinic, primary school students and their mothers were assessed for enrollment eligibility. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale plus Facial Image Scale (MDAS-FIS) was employed to test both the children's self-reported and their mothers' proxy-reported dental anxiety independently. The interrater agreement was analyzed using percentage agreement and the linear weighted kappa (k) coefficient. Factors affecting children's dental anxiety were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS One hundred children and their mothers were enrolled. The median ages of the children and mothers were 8.5 and 40.0 years old, respectively, and 38.0% (38/100) of the children were female. The scores of children's self-reported dental anxiety were significantly higher than their mothers' proxy-reported dental anxiety (MDAS-Questions 1-5, all p < 0.05); moreover, there was no agreement between the two groups in terms of all anxiety hierarchies (kappa coefficient = 0.028, p = 0.593). In the univariate model, a total of seven factors (age, gender, maternal anxiety, number of dental visits, mother's presence or absence, oral health status, and having siblings or not) were involved for analysis, and age [every 1-year increase, odds ratio (OR) = 0.661, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.514-0.850, p = 0.001], several dental visits (every 1 visit increase, OR = 0.409, 95% CI = 0.190-0.880, p = 0.022), and mother presence (OR = 0.286, 95% CI = 0.114-0.714, p = 0.007) were affecting factors. In the multivariate model, only age (every 1 year increase) and maternal presence were associated with 0.697-fold (95% CI = 0.535-0.908, p = 0.007) and 0.362-fold (95% CI = 0.135-0.967, p = 0.043) decreases in the risk of children's dental anxiety during dental visits and treatment, respectively. CONCLUSION There was no significant agreement between elementary school students' self-reported dental anxiety and mothers' proxy ratings of children's dental anxiety, which suggests that self-reported dental anxiety by children should be encouraged and adopted, and the mother's presence during dental visits is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Wei Fu
- Department of Stomatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China. .,Graduate School, University of Perpetual Help System Dalta, Las Piñas, Philippines.
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Stomatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yan Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qing-Li He
- Department of Stomatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Diotaiuti P, Corrado S, Mancone S, Cavicchiolo E, Chirico A, Siqueira TC, Andrade A. A psychometric evaluation of the Italian short version of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire-III: Psychometric properties, measurement invariance across gender, convergent, and discriminant validity. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1087055. [PMID: 36726497 PMCID: PMC9886064 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1087055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Fear of Pain Questionnaire-III (FPQ-III) is a self-assessment instrument developed specifically to measure fear based on various pain stimuli converging on three factors: severe pain, medical pain, and minor pain. It actually remains the most studied and internationally used tool even in its short versions. The aim of this work was to propose a new validation study oriented to confirm the good psychometric properties of a short model of the FPQ-III for the Italian context. Methods A large sample of participants was recruited (n = 1,064) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) as well as Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed. Measurement invariance of the FPQ-III across gender was also evaluated. In order to examine convergent validity, a further convenient sample (n = 292) was used and variables related to the individual's pain experience, locus of control and coping orientations were assessed. A final discriminant assessment using experimental manipulation through fear eliciting videos was performed. Results The three factors structure of the 13-item version of the questionnaire was confirmed (χ2 = 148.092, CFI = 0.971, TLI = 0.962, RMSEA = 0.046, RMSEA 90% CI = 0.037-0.056) as well as the measurement invariance across gender. Item internal reliability was satisfactory. The results provided evidence of the good predictive validity of the FPQ-III and the discriminant assessment demonstrated that the instrument is suitable in detecting changes in fear of pain induced by specific situational conditions. Discussion The scale in this short version is suitable for quickly and efficiently gathering information about the perceived intensity of such anticipatory fears that might affect even the healthy person dysfunctionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Diotaiuti
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Lazio, Cassino, Italy,*Correspondence: Pierluigi Diotaiuti,
| | - Stefano Corrado
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Stefania Mancone
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Elisa Cavicchiolo
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Thais Cristina Siqueira
- Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, CEFID, Santa Catarina State University, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alexandro Andrade
- Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, CEFID, Santa Catarina State University, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Kiani F, Kostadinov K, Stefanov R, Mandova V. Dentophobia-latent Component Factor Analysis of Dental Concerns Assessment Scale. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2023.9749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dentophobia (DF) is unreasonable, irrational, excessive, and socially limiting fear of specific situations related to dental care. The condition is part of the ultimate and pathological cluster of dental anxiety.
AIM: Objectives of the present study are: (1) Identification of latent factors in the psychological manifestation of dental fear, anxiety, and phobia and (2) comparison of these factors with the degree of manifestation of the psychological construct and gender differences.
METHODS: A cross-sectional online-based survey was conducted. The primary sociological information is collected through a direct individual survey including 32 items divided into four sections. Statistical data processing includes descriptive statistics, non-parametric hypothesis tests, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for detection and verification of latent factors, internal validity analysis.
DISCUSSION: The presence of a latent factor conditionally describing “pain related fear” is a possible reason for the overlap of DF with other panic disorders related to medical care described in the literature. A study performed for a wider and diverse population sample would produce more credible findings from which to draw more accurate conclusions.
CONCLUSION: This study provides a better understanding of how to identify patients who are prone to, or already suffer from dental anxiety and allows dentists and health-care professionals to provide better health. The analysis of this study discovered a significant difference between latent factors from the construct encompassing the pain related fear and social fear.
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Kayaaltı-Yüksek S, Yıldırım S. Effect of Mozart's music on the learning of toothbrushing behavior in children with high and low dental anxiety levels. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5979-5988. [PMID: 35834000 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Mozart's music on the learning of toothbrushing behavior in children with high and low dental anxiety levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized, controlled, single-blinded, and observational study was conducted with 60 children, aged 8-12, who were recruited to high dental anxiety level (HDAL) and low dental anxiety level (LDAL) groups. Both groups were divided into two equal subgroups (with or without Mozart's music). In the Mozart's music subgroups, children were exposed to Mozart's Sonata for 7 min and toothbrushing training was given accompanied by music. The training was instructed to the second subgroup without listening to Mozart's music. The periodontal measurements were repeated after 15 days. Three-factor variance analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS There was a statistically significant decrease in plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) scores in the follow-up visits for all groups (p < 0.05). A statistically significant decrease was found in PI values between groups with or without music in those with HDAL (p < 0.001). However, no statistically significant differences were found between groups with or without music in those with LDAL (p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Listening to Mozart's music before toothbrushing training had a significant effect on plaque removal in children with high dental anxiety, while Mozart's music did not have a positive effect in the group with low dental anxiety. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of Mozart's music may be beneficial in oral hygiene education for children with high dental anxiety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Kayaaltı-Yüksek
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sinem Yıldırım
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Smaïl-Faugeron V, Muller-Bolla M, Sixou JL, Courson F. Evaluation of intraosseous computerized injection system (QuickSleeper™) vs conventional infiltration anaesthesia in paediatric oral health care: A multicentre, single-blind, combined split-mouth and parallel-arm randomized controlled trial. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29:573-584. [PMID: 30883951 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional infiltration anaesthesia (CIA) is the most frequently used in paediatric oral health care. However, other techniques are available, such as intraosseous anaesthesia (IOA), that can beneficiate from newly developed technologies. AIM To compare the pain caused by CIA and IOA delivered by the computerized system (QuickSleeper™) in children. DESIGN We used an innovative design consisting in simultaneously conducting a multicentre split-mouth and parallel-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) to allow for increased power. The primary outcome was pain reported by the patient on a visual analogue scale (0-10 cm) concerning the insertion of the needle and injection. RESULTS A total of 30 children were included in the split-mouth RCT and 128 in the parallel-arm RCT. We combined treatment effect estimates by using an inverse-variance weighting meta-analysis approach. Pain scores were significantly decreased with IOA vs CIA (mean difference -0.69 cm, 95% confidence intervals -1.13 to -0.25 cm). For each patient enrolled in the split-mouth RCT, about five were enrolled in the parallel-arm RCT, which allowed for not losing any eligible patients. CONCLUSION Pain during the insertion of the needle and injection was less with IOA vs CIA in children. The design of this study allowed for increasing statistical power and using all generated evidence. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02084433).
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Affiliation(s)
- Violaine Smaïl-Faugeron
- Hôpital Bretonneau, Service d'Odontologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Unité de Recherches Biomatériaux Innovants et Interface EA4462, Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Michèle Muller-Bolla
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Unité de Recherches Biomatériaux Innovants et Interface EA4462, Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UFR d'Odontologie de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Université Côte d'Azur, CHUN, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Louis Sixou
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Rennes 1 and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Courson
- Hôpital Bretonneau, Service d'Odontologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Unité de Recherches Biomatériaux Innovants et Interface EA4462, Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
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Karibe H, Koeda M, Aoyagi-Naka K, Kato Y, Tateno A, Suzuki H, Okubo Y. Differences in the perception of dental sounds: a preliminary study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2019; 13:1051-1056. [PMID: 31308637 PMCID: PMC6614825 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s204465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The sound of dental treatments can evoke anxiety in some dental patients. While women have shown greater dental anxiety than men, little is known about the gender differences in the perception of dental sounds. The purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate differences in the perception of dental sounds according to the level of dental fear and gender. PATIENTS AND METHODS Based on the level of dental fear, 69 adults (39 women, 30 men; average age, 28.1±8.1 years) were categorized into four groups. Three types of sounds were presented to participants: two sounds associated with dental treatment and a neutral sound. All participants rated their emotional reaction to each sound on a visual analog scale. RESULTS Significant differences were observed for ratings of valence and disgust for a dental drilling sound among the four groups (p=0.007 and 0.004, respectively). Female participants in the dental fear group rated the dental drilling sound as more negative and disgusting than did female participants in the control group (p=0.002 for both ratings). However, no significant differences were found in ratings between males in the dental fear and control groups. CONCLUSION Perception of dental sounds appears to differ by level of dental fear and by gender. Considering these differences may contribute to reducing fear in dental patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Karibe
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence: Hiroyuki KaribeDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo102-8159, JapanTel +81 3 3261 6524Fax +81 3 5216 3720Email
| | - Michihiko Koeda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Aoyagi-Naka
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kato
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amane Tateno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Okubo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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