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Shoushtari Zadeh Naseri A, Fay C, Nattestad A, Ryder G, Sayyar S, Yue Z, Liu X, Officer DL, Wallace GG. A Novel Cryogenic Approach to 3D Printing Cytocompatible, Conductive, Hydrogel-Based Inks. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2024; 11:447-459. [PMID: 38689898 PMCID: PMC11057540 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, developing cytocompatible 3D conductive scaffolds that mimic the native extracellular matrix is crucial for the engineering of excitable cells and tissues. In this study, a custom cryogenic extrusion 3D printer was developed, which afforded control over both the ink and printing surface temperatures. Using this approach, aqueous inks were printed into well-defined layers with high precision. A conductive hydrogel ink was developed from chitosan (CS) and edge-functionalised expanded graphene (EFXG). Different EFXG:CS ratios (between 60:40 and 80:20) were evaluated to determine both conductivity and printability. Using the novel customized cryogenic 3D printer, conductive structures of between 2 and 20 layers were produced, with feature sizes as small as 200 μm. The printed structures are mechanically robust and are electrically conducting. The highest Young's modulus and conductivity in a hydrated state were 2.6 MPa and ∼45 S/m, respectively. Cytocompatibility experiments reveal that the developed material supports NSC-34 mouse motor neuron-like cells in terms of viability, attachment, and proliferation. The distinctive mechanical and electrical properties of the 3D-printed structures would make them good candidates for the engineering of 3D-structured excitable cells. Moreover, this novel printing setup can be used to print other hydrogel-based inks with high precision and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Shoushtari Zadeh Naseri
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Cormac Fay
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- SMART Infrastructure Facility, Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Andrew Nattestad
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Gregory Ryder
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Sepidar Sayyar
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Australian National Fabrication Facility-Materials Node, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Zhilian Yue
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Xiao Liu
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - David L. Officer
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Gordon G. Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute and ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Australian National Fabrication Facility-Materials Node, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Yin P, Su W, Li T, Wang L, Pan J, Wu X, Shao Y, Chen H, Lin L, Yang Y, Cheng X, Li Y, Wu Y, Zeng C, Huang W. A modular hydrogel bioink containing microsphere-embedded chondrocytes for 3D-printed multiscale composite scaffolds for cartilage repair. iScience 2023; 26:107349. [PMID: 37539040 PMCID: PMC10393809 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage tissue engineering is being considered an alternative treatment strategy for promoting cartilage damage repair. Herein, we proposed a modular hydrogel-based bioink containing microsphere-embedded chondrocytes for 3D printing multiscale scaffolds integrating the micro and macro environment of the native articular cartilage. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)/alginate microsphere was prepared by a microfluidic approach, and the chondrocytes embedded in the microspheres remained viable after being frozen and resuscitated. The modular hydrogel bioink could be printed via the gel-in-gel 3D bioprinting strategy for fabricating the multiscale hydrogel-based scaffolds. Meanwhile, the cells cultured in the scaffolds showed good proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, we also found that the composite hydrogel was biocompatible in vivo. These results indicated that the modular hydrogel-based bioinks containing microsphere-embedded chondrocytes for 3D printing multiscale scaffolds could provide a 3D multiscale environment for enhancing cartilage repairing, which would be encouraging considering the numerous alternative applications in articular cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panjing Yin
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R.China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ting Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianying Pan
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R.China
| | - Xiaoqi Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R.China
| | - Huabin Chen
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R.China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R.China
| | - Yang Yang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiulin Cheng
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yaobin Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chun Zeng
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R.China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
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Raja IS, Kang MS, Hong SW, Bae H, Kim B, Hwang YS, Cha JM, Han DW. State-of-the-art techniques for promoting tissue regeneration: Combination of three-dimensional bioprinting and carbon nanomaterials. Int J Bioprint 2022; 9:635. [PMID: 36844243 PMCID: PMC9947385 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v9i1.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
181Biofabrication approaches, such as three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of hydrogels, have recently garnered increasing attention, especially in the construction of 3D structures that mimic the complexity of tissues and organs with the capacity for cytocompatibility and post-printing cellular development. However, some printed gels show poor stability and maintain less shape fidelity if parameters such as polymer nature, viscosity, shear-thinning behavior, and crosslinking are affected. Therefore, researchers have incorporated various nanomaterials as bioactive fillers into polymeric hydrogels to address these limitations. Carbon-family nanomaterials (CFNs), hydroxyapatites, nanosilicates, and strontium carbonates have been incorporated into printed gels for application in various biomedical fields. In this review, following the compilation of research publications on CFNs-containing printable gels in various tissue engineering applications, we discuss the types of bioprinters, the prerequisites of bioink and biomaterial ink, as well as the progress and challenges of CFNs-containing printable gels in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hojae Bae
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongju Kim
- Dental Life Science Research Institute/Innovation Research & Support Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Yu-Shik Hwang
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Jae Min Cha
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea,Corresponding authors: Jae Min Cha () Dong-Wook Han ()
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- BIO-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea,Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea,Corresponding authors: Jae Min Cha () Dong-Wook Han ()
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Li Q, Ma L, Gao Z, Yin J, Liu P, Yang H, Shen L, Zhou H. Regulable Supporting Baths for Embedded Printing of Soft Biomaterials with Variable Stiffness. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41695-41711. [PMID: 36070996 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) embedded printing is emerging as a potential solution for the fabrication of complex biological structures and with ultrasoft biomaterials. For the supporting medium, bulk gels can support a wide range of bioinks with higher printing resolution as well as better finishing surfaces than granular microgel baths. However, the difficulties of regulating the physical properties of existing bulk gel supporting baths limit the further development of this method. This work has developed a bulk gel supporting bath with easily regulable physical properties to facilitate soft-material fabrication. The proposed bath is composed based on the hydrophobic association between a hydrophobically modified hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (H-HPMC) and Pluronic F-127 (PF-127). Its rheological properties can be easily regulated; in the preprinting stage by varying the relative concentration of components, during printing by changing the temperature, and postprinting by adding additives with strong hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity. This has made the supporting bath not only available for various bioinks with a range of printing windows but also easy to be removed. Also, the removal strategy is independent of printing conditions like temperature and ions, which empowers the bath to hold great potential for the embedded printing of commonly used biomaterials. The adjustable rheological properties of the bath were leveraged to characterize the embedded printing quantitatively, involving the disturbance during the printing, filament cross-sectional shape, printing resolution, continuity, and the coalescence between adjacent filaments. The match between the bioink and the bath was also explored. Furthermore, low-viscosity bioinks (with 0.008-2.4 Pa s viscosity) were patterned into various 3D complex delicate soft structures (with a 0.5-5 kPa compressive modulus). It is believed that such an easily regulable assembled bath could serve as an available tool to support the complex biological structure fabrication and open unique prospects for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Luqi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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Li Q, Jiang Z, Ma L, Yin J, Gao Z, Shen L, Yang H, Cui Z, Ye H, Zhou H. A versatile embedding medium for freeform bioprinting with multi-crosslinking methods. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35705061 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac7909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Embedded freeform writing addresses the contradiction between the material printability and biocompatibility for conventional extrusion-based bioprinting. However, the existing embedding mediums have limitations concerning the restricted printing temperature window, compatibility with bioinks or crosslinkers, and difficulties on medium removal. This work demonstrates a new embedding medium to meet the above demands, which composes of hydrophobically modified hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (H-HPMC) and Pluronic F-127 (PF-127). The adjustable hydrophobic and hydrophilic associations between the components permit tunable thermoresponsive rheological properties, providing a programable printing window. These associations are hardly compromised by additives without strong hydrophilic groups, which means it is compatible with the majority of bioink choices. We use polyethylene glycol 400, a strong hydrophilic polymer, to facilitate easy medium removal. The proposed medium enables freeform writing of the millimetric complex tubular structures with great shape fidelity and cell viability. Moreover, five bioinks with up to five different crosslinking methods are patterned into arbitrary geometries in one single medium, demonstrating its potential in heterogeneous tissue regeneration. Utilizing the rheological properties of the medium, an enhanced adhesion writing method is developed to optimize the structure's strand-to-strand adhesion. In summary, this versatile embedding medium provides excellent compatibility with multi-crosslinking methods and a tunable printing window, opening new opportunities for heterogeneous tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058, CHINA
| | - Zhuoran Jiang
- University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX1 2JD, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Liang Ma
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang road, Zijingang Campus, Room 517,Xi-4-A, Hangzhou, 310058, CHINA
| | - Jun Yin
- Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, CHINA
| | - Ziqi Gao
- Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, CHINA
| | - Luqi Shen
- Westlake University, 600 Dun Yu road, Hangzhou, 310024, CHINA
| | - Huayong Yang
- Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, CHINA
| | - Zhanfeng Cui
- University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX1 2JD, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Hua Ye
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Hongzhao Zhou
- Mechanical Engineering , Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058, CHINA
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang He
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Mao Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Chee Kai Chua
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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