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Li H, Ma Y, Li T, Zeng Z, Luo L, Liu X, Li Y, Chen Y. CAPN5 attenuates cigarette smoke extract-induced apoptosis and inflammation in BEAS-2B cells. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-65. [PMID: 38650847 PMCID: PMC11033979 DOI: 10.18332/tid/186183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apoptosis and chronic inflammation are the main phenotypes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis. Cigarette smoke exposure is the leading risk factor for COPD, which causes aberrant airway epithelial structure and function. As a non-classical calpain, the molecular function of calpain5 (CAPN5) in COPD remains unclear. This study investigated the role of CAPN5 in mediating cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced apoptosis and inflammation. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting (WB) were performed to detect the location and expression of CAPN5. In vitro, BEAS-2B cells were transfected with CAPN5 siRNA or CAPN5 plasmid, followed by phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or cigarette smoke extract (CSE) treatment. The protein expression levels of CAPN5, NF-κB p65, p-p65, IκBα, p-IκBα and apoptosis proteins (BCL-2, BAX) were measured by WB. Flow cytometry (FCM) was performed to analyze the cell apoptosis index. RESULTS CAPN5 was mainly expressed in the airway epithelium and significantly decreased in the COPD-smoker and emphysema-mouse groups. Silencing CAPN5 significantly decreased the protein expression of BCL-2, IκBα, and increased p-p65 and BAX protein expression. Additionally, an increased apoptosis index was detected after silencing CAPN5. Moreover, overexpression of CAPN5 partly inhibited IκBα degradation and p65 activation, and reduced CSE-induced inflammation and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These combined results indicate that CAPN5 could protect against CSE-induced apoptosis and inflammation, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for smoking-related COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zihang Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangming Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Frankowska N, Lisowska K, Witkowski JM. Proteolysis dysfunction in the process of aging and age-related diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:927630. [PMID: 35958270 PMCID: PMC9361021 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.927630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss in detail the most relevant proteolytic systems that together with chaperones contribute to creating the proteostasis network that is kept in dynamic balance to maintain overall functionality of cellular proteomes. Data accumulated over decades demonstrate that the effectiveness of elements of the proteostasis network declines with age. In this scenario, failure to degrade misfolded or faulty proteins increases the risk of protein aggregation, chronic inflammation, and the development of age-related diseases. This is especially important in the context of aging-related modification of functions of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Frankowska
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lisowska
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
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