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Wegler C, Saleh A, Lindqvist A, Nordeng H, Smeraglia J, Baranczewski P. Simple and rapid quantification of cetirizine, venlafaxine, and O-desmethylvenlafaxine in human breast milk, and metformin in human milk and plasma with UHPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1205:123340. [PMID: 35732105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The majority of women have health problems that require medication after giving birth. Complications such as allergies, postpartum depression, and diabetes are often treated with drugs such as cetirizine, venlafaxine, and metformin, respectively. These treatments are considered safe during lactation, but information of the transfer of drugs to breast milk and possible effects on the infant is scarce. Therefore, this needs to be systematically investigated in larger populations. To enable the determination of drug transfer, we here describe the validation of two rapid, sensitive, and high-throughput analysis methods for 1) simultaneous quantification of cetirizine, venlafaxine, and O-desmethylvenlafaxine in human breast milk, and 2) metformin in human breast milk and plasma. In both methods, a simple protein precipitation protocol with acetonitrile and benchtop-centrifugation was used prior to compound analysis with liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The methods had linear ranges between 0.39 - 194.5 ng/mL for cetirizine, 0.28 - 138.7 ng/mL for venlafaxine, 0.26 - 131.7 ng/mL for O-desmethylvenlafaxine, in milk, and 0.65 - 193.7 ng/mL for metformin in both milk and plasma. Intra-run and inter-run precision and accuracy were ≤ 9% for cetirizine, venlafaxine, and O-desmethylvenlafaxine in milk, and ≤ 7% for metformin in milk and plasma. Cetirizine was measured to median milk concentrations of 13 ng/mL (range: 0.65 - 65 ng/mL) in 228 donor samples from breast-feeding women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wegler
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling (UDOPP), Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aljona Saleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling (UDOPP), Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pharmacy, SciLifeLab Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annika Lindqvist
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling (UDOPP), Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pharmacy, SciLifeLab Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Nordeng
- PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Smeraglia
- Development Sciences, Translational Biomarkers and Bioanalysis, UCB BioPharma SPRL, B-1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Pawel Baranczewski
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling (UDOPP), Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pharmacy, SciLifeLab Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Levocetirizine Pretreatment Mitigates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Inflammation in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7019759. [PMID: 30186866 PMCID: PMC6110004 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7019759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This research was conducted to investigate possible protective influences of levocetirizine, a nonsedating H1 antihistamine, against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats received either levocetirizine (1 mg/kg/day, orally) or the vehicle of the drug (2 ml/kg/day, orally) for 1 week before a single IP injection of LPS (7.5 mg/kg). A group of normal rats served as control. The experiments were terminated 18 h after the LPS challenge. Serum C-reactive protein levels were determined. Moreover, total cell count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, protein levels, and total NOx were evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Pulmonary edema was evaluated as the wet/dry lung weight ratio. Lung tissue homogenate was assessed for antioxidant/pro-oxidant status. BALF and lung tissue levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were assessed. Lungs were examined for histological alterations. LPS-mediated lung injury was manifested by pulmonary edema, leukocyte infiltration, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Levocetirizine attenuated lung edema and mitigated the increases in BALF protein levels, LDH activity, and lung leukocyte recruitment in LPS-challenged rats. Additionally, TNF-α protein levels in BALF and lung tissue were diminished by levocetirizine administration. Levocetirizine also exhibited a potent antioxidant activity as indicated by a decrease in lung tissue levels of malondialdehyde and an enhancement of superoxide dismutase activity. Histological examination of lung tissues confirmed the beneficial effect of levocetirizine against LPS-induced histopathological alterations. In conclusion, levocetirizine may offer protection against lung tissue damage and inflammation in LPS-challenged rats.
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Development and validation of a GC–MS method for the determination of hydroxyzine and its active metabolite, cetirizine, in whole blood. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:765-772. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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A Novel Two-Step Liquid-Liquid Extraction Procedure Combined with Stationary Phase Immobilized Human Serum Albumin for the Chiral Separation of Cetirizine Enantiomers along with M and P Parabens. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121654. [PMID: 27941625 PMCID: PMC6273300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The research into the separation of drug enantiomers is closely related to the safety and efficiency of the drugs. The aim of this study was to develop a simple and validated HPLC method to analyze cetirizine enantiomers. In the case of liquid dosage forms, besides the active substance in large amounts there are usually also inactive ingredients such as methyl- and propylparaben. Unfortunately, these compounds can interfere with the analyte, inter alia during chiral separation of the analyte enantiomers. The proposed innovative two-step liquid-liquid extraction procedure allowed for the determination of cetirizine enantiomers (along with M and P parabens) also in liquid dosage forms. The main focus of this study was the chromatographic activity of cetirizine dihydrochloride on the proteinate-based chiral stationary phase. The chromatographic separation of cetirizine enantiomers was performed on an immobilized human serum albumin (HSA) column for the first time. Measurements were performed at a wavelength of 227 nm. Under optimal conditions, baseline separation of two enantiomers was obtained with 1.43 enantioseparation factor (α) and 1.82 resolution (Rs). Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the selected pharmaceutical formulations.
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Luo K, Li Y, Zheng X, Song Z. Pharmacokinetic of pseudoephedrine in rat serum with luminol-pepsin chemiluminescence system by flow injection analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:1805-16. [PMID: 25427591 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pepsin (Pep) accelerated the electron transferring rate of excited 3-aminophathlate and enhanced luminol-dissolved oxygen chemiluminescence (CL) intensity, and the flow injection (FI) luminol-Pep CL system was first developed. It was found that the CL intensity of luminol-Pep reaction could be remarkably inhibited by pseudoephedrine (PE); the decrement of CL intensity was linear to the logarithm of PE concentration in the range of 0.1∼100.0 nmol L(-1) with a detection limit of 0.03 nmol mL(-1) (3σ). At a flow rate of 2.0 mL min(-1), the complete process including washing and sampling was performed within 40 s, offering a sample throughput of 90 h(-1). This proposed method was successfully applied to determining PE in rat serum for 18 h after intragastric administration with the elimination ratio of 42.34 % and recoveries from 90.3 to 110.6 %. The pharmacokinetic results showed that PE could be rapidly absorbed into serum with peak concentration (C max) of 1.45 ± 0.18 g L(-1) at the time (T max) of 1.49 ± 0.02 h; the absorption half-life (0.35 ± 0.04 h), elimination half-life (1.86 ± 0.24 h), the area under curve (109.81 ± 6.03 mg L(-1) h(-1)), mean residence time (3.82 ± 0.27 h), and elimination rate constant (2.26 ± 0.23 L g(-1) h(-1)) in rats vivo were derived, respectively. The possible CL mechanism of luminol-Pep-PE reaction was discussed by FI-CL, fluorescence, and molecular docking (MD) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Luo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
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Shawky NM, Shehatou GS, Abdel Rahim M, Suddek GM, Gameil NM. Levocetirizine ameliorates high fructose diet-induced insulin resistance, vascular dysfunction and hepatic steatosis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 740:353-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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