Pretreatment TACC3 expression in locally advanced rectal cancer decreases the response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy

Radiotherapy-induced TACC3 confers resistance of HCC to radiotherapy and enhances IL4-dependent immunosuppression to exacerbate hepatocarcinogenesis

Radiotherapy plays an increasingly crucial role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, resistance to radiotherapy remains a significant obstacle to achieving optimal treatment outcomes. Our objective is to elucidate the mechanisms underlying radiotherapy resistance. Through proteomic sequencing of radiotherapy-resistant cell lines and patient-derived xenograft tissues from HCC patients, we identified that Transforming Acidic Coiled-Coil Containing Protein 3 (TACC3) is upregulated in both radiotherapy-resistant cell lines and tissues. After radiotherapy treatment, DNAPK phosphorylates TACC3 at 315 threonine, leading to enhanced protein stability of TACC3. TACC3 facilitated the proliferative capacity and radiotherapy resistance of HCC cells by promoting the interaction between XRCC5 and XRCC6 through specific residues within its coiled-coil domain, namely ILE736, ASN742 and GLU773. This interaction facilitates DNA damage repair via the non-homologous end joining pathway in response to radiation, thereby contributing to the radiotherapy resistance in HCC cells. Furthermore, TACC3 increases the production of IL-4 and IL-10 within HCC cells, inducing the differentiation of M0 macrophages to M2 macrophages within the immune microenvironment, leading to the suppression of CD8+T cell cytotoxic functions and creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment in HCC. Targeting TACC3 with inhibitor KHS101 significantly inhibit the proliferation of HCC and improve the immune microenvironment of HCC.

T-DM1 with concurrent radiotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer: preclinical evaluation and mechanisms, prediction, and exploration of adverse effects

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) serves as a pivotal target for breast cancer treatment and a vital prognostic marker. Anti-HER-2 therapies, which are integral to the management of HER-2-positive breast cancer, including monoclonal antibodies (e.g., trastuzumab and pertuzumab), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., lapatinib and pyrotinib), and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) such as trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). ADCs consist of a monoclonal antibody, a linker, and a cytotoxic payload, engineered to deliver chemotherapy selectively to tumor cells, thereby reducing the systemic toxicity associated with traditional chemotherapy. T-DM1, a HER-2-targeting ADC, combines the humanized anti-HER-2 IgG1 trastuzumab with DM1, a cytotoxic agent that inhibits microtubule formation. T-DM1 has significantly enhanced the prognosis of HER-2-positive breast cancer patients who fail to achieve a pathological complete response or develop distant metastases after neoadjuvant trastuzumab and pertuzumab therapy. While the combination therapy of T-DM1 with radiotherapy demonstrates an acceptable safety profile overall, clinicians should remain vigilant regarding potential severe treatment-related toxicities that have been observed in specific clinical scenarios. Nevertheless, limited research exists regarding the adverse effects and mechanisms of T-DM1 in combination with radiotherapy. This review investigates preclinical studies on the interactions between T-DM1 and radiotherapy, investigates associated adverse effects and their underlying mechanisms, identifies predictive factors and prognostic implications, and explores potential therapeutic strategies involving the concurrent T-DM1 with radiotherapy.

Family with sequence similarity 111 member B contributes to tumor growth and metastasis by mediating cell proliferation, invasion, and EMT via transforming acidic coiled-coil protein 3/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma

As a complex systemic disease, primary liver cancer ranks third in death rate for solid tumors worldwide. Family with sequence similarity 111 member B (FAM111B), which was found to be aberrantly mutated in multiple cancers, is a candidate oncogene. We aimed to determine the function and mechanism of FAM111B in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression of FAM111B was evaluated in HCC tissues, adjacent tissues, HCC cell lines. The impact of FAM111B on proliferation, invasion, apoptosis and EMT of HCC cells were detected by CCK-8, Transwell, flow cytometry and Western blot assays. The relationship between FAM111B and transforming acidic coiled-coil protein 3 (TACC3) was assessed by CoIP and Immunofluorescence (IF) staining assays. The effect of FAM111B on tumor growth was detected by using xenograft model of nude mice. The expression of FAM111B was upregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines, and the prognosis of HCC patients was worse in the high FAM111B expression group, and its expression level was associated with the TNM stage of HCC. FAM111B silencing inhibited HCC cell proliferation and invasion, EMT and induced apoptosis. Besides, TACC3 served as an interactor for FAM111B, which could enhance TACC3 expression, thus activing PI3K/AKT pathway. Rescue experiments revealed that elevated of TACC3 restored the inhibitory effect of FAM111B overexpression on the cell functions via PI3K/AKT pathway. In vivo, FAM111B inhibition hampered tumor growth and metastasis of HCC. This study highlighted a key player of FAM111B in modulating the malignant biological progression of HCC via TACC3/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, displaying a potential therapeutic target for HCC.

Elevated expression of transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3 (TACC3) reflects aggressiveness of primary central nervous system lymphomas

Transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3 (TACC3) plays an important role in centrosome/microtubule dynamics. Deregulation of centrosomes/microtubules causes mitotic spindle defects, leading to tumorigenesis. However, the correlation between TACC3 and primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) is unknown. The present study investigated the association between the immunohistochemical expression of TACC3, p53, and Ki-67, and the clinical factors in 40 PCNSLs. We evaluated the staining of TACC3 based on the histoscore (H-score) that contains a semiquantitative evaluation of both the intensity of staining, and the percentage of positive cells. Expression level of each component was classified as low or high according to the median H-score value. Patients with PCNSLs were divided into groups depending on TACC3 expression levels (no expression and low expression, 18; high expression, 22). Disease-free survival and overall survival of patients with high TACC3 expression were significantly shorter (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). These results suggest that elevated expression of TACC3 could reflects aggressiveness of primary central nervous system lymphomas.

Inhibiting of TACC3 Promotes Cell Proliferation, Cell Invasion and the EMT Pathway in Breast Cancer

Accumulating evidences indicate that transforming acidic coiled-coil 3 (TACC3) is a tumor-related gene, was highly expressed in a variety of human cancers, which is involved in cancer development. However, the potential role of TACC3 in breast cancer remains largely unknown. In the present study, we found that TACC3 was highly-expressed in breast cancer tissues, and its level was positively correlated with the clinical features of breast cancer patients. Specifically, TACC3 expression was significantly associated with the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, nodal status, the scarff-bloom-richardson (SBR) grade, nottingham prognostic index (NPI), age, subtypes, and triple-negative and basal-like status, suggesting that TACC3 may be a potential diagnostic indicator of breast cancer. Furthermore, functional studies have shown that inhibition of TACC3 can significantly promote the cell proliferation and viability of breast cancer cells. Moreover, TACC3 knockdown suppressed the expression of E-cadherin, but increased the expression of N-cadherin, Snail, ZEB1, and TWIST, which indicate that TACC3 may impact the migration of breast cancer cells in vitro. Taken together, these findings indicate that TACC3 may serve as a prognostic and therapeutic indicator of breast cancer.

Proteomic Analysis of miR-195 and miR-497 Replacement Reveals Potential Candidates that Increase Sensitivity to Oxaliplatin in MSI/P53wt Colorectal Cancer Cells

Most patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) eventually develop resistance to systemic combination therapy. miR-195-5p and miR-497-5p are downregulated in CRC tissues and associated with drug resistance. Sensitization to 5-FU, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan by transfection with miR-195-5p and miR-497-5p mimics was studied using cell viability and clonogenic assays in cell lines HCT116, RKO, DLD-1, and SW480. In addition, proteomic analysis of transfected cells was implemented to identify potential targets. Significantly altered proteins were subjected to STRING (protein-protein interaction networks) database analysis to study the potential mechanisms of drug resistance. Cell viability analysis of transfected cells revealed increased sensitivity to oxaliplatin in microsatellite instable (MSI)/P53 wild-type HCT116 and RKO cells. HCT116 transfected cells formed significantly fewer colonies when treated with oxaliplatin. In sensitized cells, proteomic analysis showed 158 and 202 proteins with significantly altered expression after transfection with miR-195-5p and miR-497-5p mimics respectively, of which CHUK and LUZP1 proved to be coinciding downregulated proteins. Resistance mechanisms of these proteins may be associated with nuclear factor kappa-B signaling and G1 cell-cycle arrest. In conclusion, miR-195-5p and miR-497-5p replacement enhanced sensitivity to oxaliplatin in treatment naïve MSI/P53 wild-type CRC cells. Proteomic analysis revealed potential miRNA targets associated with the cell-cycle which possibly bare a relation with chemotherapy sensitivity.