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Murdocca M, Spitalieri P, D'Apice MR, Novelli G, Sangiuolo F. From cue to meaning: The involvement of POLD1 gene in DNA replication, repair and aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111790. [PMID: 36764464 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Aging is an extremely complex biological process. Aging, cancer and inflammation represent a trinity, object of many interesting researches. The accumulation of DNA damage and its consequences progressively interfere with cellular function and increase susceptibility to developing aging condition. DNA Polymerase delta (Pol δ), encoded by POLD1 gene (MIM#174761) on 19q13.3, is well implicated in many steps of the replication program and repair. Thanks to its exonuclease and polymerase activities, the enzyme is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, DNA synthesis, and DNA damage repair processes. Damaging variants within the exonuclease domain predispose to cancers, while those occurring in the polymerase active site cause the autosomal dominant Progeroid Syndrome called MDPL, Mandibular hypoplasia, Deafness and Progeroid features with concomitant Lipodystrophy Since DNA damage represents the main cause of ageing and age-related pathologies, an overview of critical Pol δ activities will allow to better understand the associations between DNA damage and nearly every aspect of the ageing process, helping the researchers to counteract all the ageing-pathologies at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Murdocca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Spitalieri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; University of Nevada, Department of Pharmacology, Reno, USA; Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Araújo-Vilar D, Fernández-Pombo A, Cobelo-Gómez S, Castro AI, Sánchez-Iglesias S. Lipodystrophy-associated progeroid syndromes. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:555-571. [PMID: 35835948 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-022-00386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
With the exception of HIV-associated lipodystrophy, lipodystrophy syndromes are rare conditions characterized by a lack of adipose tissue, which is not generally recovered. As a consequence, an ectopic deposition of lipids frequently occurs, which usually leads to insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis. These disorders include certain accelerated aging syndromes or progeroid syndromes. Even though each of them has unique clinical features, most show common clinical characteristics that affect growth, skin and appendages, adipose tissue, muscle, and bone and, in some of them, life expectancy is reduced. Although the molecular bases of these Mendelian disorders are very diverse and not well known, genomic instability is frequent as a consequence of impairment of nuclear organization, chromatin structure, and DNA repair, as well as epigenetic dysregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, the main clinical features of the lipodystrophy-associated progeroid syndromes will be described along with their causes and pathogenic mechanisms, and an attempt will be made to identify which of López-Otín's hallmarks of aging are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Araújo-Vilar
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine (Medicine Area), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Antía Fernández-Pombo
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine (Medicine Area), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Silvia Cobelo-Gómez
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine (Medicine Area), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana I Castro
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Sánchez-Iglesias
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine (Medicine Area), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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