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Molecular Genetics of Pre-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Sister Cell Lines during Disease Progression. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:2147-2156. [PMID: 34940123 PMCID: PMC8929001 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, immortalized tumor cell lines have been used as reliable tools to understand the function of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Today, we know that tumors can comprise subclones with common and with subclone-specific genetic alterations. We sequenced DNA and RNA of sequential sister cell lines obtained from patients with pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia at different phases of the disease. All five pairs of cell lines carry alterations that are typical for this disease: loss of tumor suppressors (CDKN2A, CDKN2B), expression of fusion genes (ETV6-RUNX1, BCR-ABL1, MEF2D-BCL9) or of genes targeted by point mutations (KRAS A146T, NRAS G12C, PAX5 R38H). MEF2D-BCL9 and PAX R38H mutations in cell lines have hitherto been undescribed, suggesting that YCUB-4 (MEF2D-BCL9), PC-53 (PAX R38H) and their sister cell lines will be useful models to elucidate the function of these genes. All aberrations mentioned above occur in both sister cell lines, demonstrating that the sisters derive from a common ancestor. However, we also found mutations that are specific for one sister cell line only, pointing to individual subclones of the primary tumor as originating cells. Our data show that sequential sister cell lines can be used to study the clonal development of tumors and to elucidate the function of common and clone-specific mutations.
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Mancikova V, Peschelova H, Kozlova V, Ledererova A, Ladungova A, Verner J, Loja T, Folber F, Mayer J, Pospisilova S, Smida M. Performance of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells in genetically defined classes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000471. [PMID: 32217767 PMCID: PMC7206910 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While achieving prolonged remissions in other B cell-derived malignancies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells still underperform when injected into patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We studied the influence of genetics on CLL response to anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy. Methods First, we studied 32 primary CLL samples composed of 26 immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene variable (IGHV)-unmutated (9 ATM-mutated, 8 TP53-mutated, and 9 without mutations in ATM, TP53, NOTCH1 or SF3B1) and 6 IGHV-mutated samples without mutations in the above-mentioned genes. Then, we mimicked the leukemic microenvironment in the primary cells by ‘2S stimulation’ through interleukin-2 and nuclear factor kappa B. Finally, CRISPR/Cas9-generated ATM-knockout and TP53-knockout clones (four and seven, respectively) from CLL-derived cell lines MEC1 and HG3 were used. All these samples were exposed to CAR T cells. In vivo survival study in NSG mice using HG3 wild-type (WT), ATM-knockout or TP53-knockout cells was also performed. Results Primary unstimulated CLL cells were specifically eliminated after >24 hours of coculture with CAR T cells. ‘2S’ stimulated cells showed increased survival when exposed to CAR T cells compared with unstimulated ones, confirming the positive effect of this stimulation on CLL cells’ in vitro fitness. After 96 hours of coculture, there was no difference in survival among the genetic classes. Finally, CAR T cells were specifically activated in vitro in the presence of target knockout cell lines as shown by the production of interferon-γ when compared with control (CTRL) T cells (p=0.0020), but there was no difference in knockout cells’ survival. In vivo, CAR T cells prolonged the survival of mice injected with WT, TP53-knockout and ATM-knockout HG3 tumor cells as compared with CTRL T cells (p=0.0485, 0.0204 and <0.0001, respectively). When compared with ATM-knockout, TP53-knockout disease was associated with an earlier time of onset (p<0.0001), higher tumor burden (p=0.0002) and inefficient T-cell engraftment (p=0.0012). Conclusions While in vitro no differences in survival of CLL cells of various genetic backgrounds were observed, CAR T cells showed a different effectiveness at eradicating tumor cells in vivo depending on the driver mutation. Early disease onset, high-tumor burden and inefficient T-cell engraftment, associated with TP53-knockout tumors in our experimental setting, ultimately led to inferior performance of CAR T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Mancikova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic .,Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Peschelova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Kozlova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Ledererova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Ladungova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Verner
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Loja
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Folber
- Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mayer
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Smida
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic .,Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Pan H, Renaud L, Chaligne R, Bloehdorn J, Tausch E, Mertens D, Fink AM, Fischer K, Zhang C, Betel D, Gnirke A, Imielinski M, Moreaux J, Hallek M, Meissner A, Stilgenbauer S, Wu CJ, Elemento O, Landau DA. Discovery of Candidate DNA Methylation Cancer Driver Genes. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2266-2281. [PMID: 33972312 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations, such as promoter hypermethylation, may drive cancer through tumor suppressor gene inactivation. However, we have limited ability to differentiate driver DNA methylation (DNAme) changes from passenger events. We developed DNAme driver inference-MethSig-accounting for the varying stochastic hypermethylation rate across the genome and between samples. We applied MethSig to bisulfite sequencing data of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), multiple myeloma, ductal carcinoma in situ, glioblastoma, and to methylation array data across 18 tumor types in TCGA. MethSig resulted in well-calibrated quantile-quantile plots and reproducible inference of likely DNAme drivers with increased sensitivity/specificity compared with benchmarked methods. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of selected candidate CLL DNAme drivers provided a fitness advantage with and without therapeutic intervention. Notably, DNAme driver risk score was closely associated with adverse outcome in independent CLL cohorts. Collectively, MethSig represents a novel inference framework for DNAme driver discovery to chart the role of aberrant DNAme in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: MethSig provides a novel statistical framework for the analysis of DNA methylation changes in cancer, to specifically identify candidate DNA methylation driver genes of cancer progression and relapse, empowering the discovery of epigenetic mechanisms that enhance cancer cell fitness.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2113.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Pan
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Loïc Renaud
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Ronan Chaligne
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Eugen Tausch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Mertens
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Fink
- German CLL Study Group, and Department I of Internal Medicine, and Center of Integrated Oncology ABCD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kirsten Fischer
- German CLL Study Group, and Department I of Internal Medicine, and Center of Integrated Oncology ABCD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Chao Zhang
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Doron Betel
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Andreas Gnirke
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Marcin Imielinski
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,New York Genome Center, New York, New York.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, France.,CHU Montpellier, Department of Biological Hematology, Montpellier, France.,UFR de Médecine, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| | - Michael Hallek
- German CLL Study Group, and Department I of Internal Medicine, and Center of Integrated Oncology ABCD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Catherine J Wu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Dan A Landau
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York. .,New York Genome Center, New York, New York.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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4
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Drexler HG, Quentmeier H. The LL-100 Cell Lines Panel: Tool for Molecular Leukemia-Lymphoma Research. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165800. [PMID: 32823535 PMCID: PMC7461097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Certified cell line models provide ideal experimental platforms to answer countless scientific questions. The LL-100 panel is a cohort of cell lines that are broadly representative of all leukemia–lymphoma entities (including multiple myeloma and related diseases), rigorously authenticated and validated, and comprehensively annotated. The process of the assembly of the LL-100 panel was based on evidence and experience. To expand the genetic characterization across all LL-100 cell lines, we performed whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing. Here, we describe the conception of the panel and showcase some exemplary applications with a focus on cancer genomics. Due diligence was paid to exclude cross-contaminated and non-representative cell lines. As the LL-100 cell lines are so well characterized and readily available, the panel will be a valuable resource for identifying cell lines with mutations in cancer genes, providing superior model systems. The data also add to the current knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of leukemia–lymphoma. Additional efforts to expand the breadth of available high-quality cell lines are clearly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans G. Drexler
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Hilmar Quentmeier
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
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Herling CD, Abedpour N, Weiss J, Schmitt A, Jachimowicz RD, Merkel O, Cartolano M, Oberbeck S, Mayer P, Berg V, Thomalla D, Kutsch N, Stiefelhagen M, Cramer P, Wendtner CM, Persigehl T, Saleh A, Altmüller J, Nürnberg P, Pallasch C, Achter V, Lang U, Eichhorst B, Castiglione R, Schäfer SC, Büttner R, Kreuzer KA, Reinhardt HC, Hallek M, Frenzel LP, Peifer M. Clonal dynamics towards the development of venetoclax resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:727. [PMID: 29463802 PMCID: PMC5820258 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the evolution of cancer cells under therapeutic pressure is a crucial step to understand the mechanisms that lead to treatment resistance. To this end, we analyzed whole-exome sequencing data of eight chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients that developed resistance upon BCL2-inhibition by venetoclax. Here, we report recurrent mutations in BTG1 (2 patients) and homozygous deletions affecting CDKN2A/B (3 patients) that developed during treatment, as well as a mutation in BRAF and a high-level focal amplification of CD274 (PD-L1) that might pinpoint molecular aberrations offering structures for further therapeutic interventions. BCL2-inhibitor venetoclax is used to treat relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Here, the authors show the clonal dynamics towards venetoclax resistance by performing whole-exome sequencing of 8 CLL patients undergoing venetoclax treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen D Herling
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nima Abedpour
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jonathan Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Schmitt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ron Daniel Jachimowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Olaf Merkel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Cartolano
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Oberbeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteom, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteom, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Valeska Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Thomalla
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadine Kutsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marius Stiefelhagen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Paula Cramer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Clemens-Martin Wendtner
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Palliative Care, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinikum Schwabing, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Persigehl
- Department of Radiology, Cologne University Hospital, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Saleh
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Pediatric Radiology, Städtisches Klinikum München Schwabing, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Pallasch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Viktor Achter
- Computing Center, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lang
- Computing Center, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Department of Informatics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Eichhorst
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Stephan C Schäfer
- Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karl-Anton Kreuzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Hallek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas P Frenzel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Peifer
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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6
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TODAKA A, UMEHARA R, SASAKI K, SERIZAWA M, URAKAMI K, KUSUHARA M, YAMAGUCHI K, YASUI H. Metabolic profiling of gemcitabine- and paclitaxel-treated immortalized human pancreatic cell lines with K-RASG12D . Biomed Res 2017; 38:29-40. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.38.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko TODAKA
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center
- Shizuoka Cancer Center
- Department of Surgery, Keio University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Rina UMEHARA
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute
| | | | - Masakuni SERIZAWA
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Kenichi URAKAMI
- Cancer Diagnostics Research Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Masatoshi KUSUHARA
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute
- Regional Resources Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute
| | | | - Hirofumi YASUI
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center
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