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Zhao D, Guo Y, Wei H, Jia X, Zhi Y, He G, Nie W, Huang L, Wang P, Laster KV, Liu Z, Wang J, Lee MH, Dong Z, Liu K. Multi-omics characterization of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma identifies molecular subtypes and therapeutic targets. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e171916. [PMID: 38652547 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant form of esophageal cancer and is characterized by an unfavorable prognosis. To elucidate the distinct molecular alterations in ESCC and investigate therapeutic targets, we performed a comprehensive analysis of transcriptomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics data derived from 60 paired treatment-naive ESCC and adjacent nontumor tissue samples. Additionally, we conducted a correlation analysis to describe the regulatory relationship between transcriptomic and proteomic processes, revealing alterations in key metabolic pathways. Unsupervised clustering analysis of the proteomics data stratified patients with ESCC into 3 subtypes with different molecular characteristics and clinical outcomes. Notably, subtype III exhibited the worst prognosis and enrichment in proteins associated with malignant processes, including glycolysis and DNA repair pathways. Furthermore, translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane domain containing 1 (TIMMDC1) was validated as a potential prognostic molecule for ESCC. Moreover, integrated kinase-substrate network analysis using the phosphoproteome nominated candidate kinases as potential targets. In vitro and in vivo experiments further confirmed casein kinase II subunit α (CSNK2A1) as a potential kinase target for ESCC. These underlying data represent a valuable resource for researchers that may provide better insights into the biology and treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yaping Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huifang Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuechao Jia
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yafei Zhi
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guiliang He
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenna Nie
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Limeng Huang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Penglei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | | | - Zhicai Liu
- Linzhou Cancer Hospital, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Jinwu Wang
- Linzhou Cancer Hospital, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Trembley JH, Kren BT, Afzal M, Scaria GA, Klein MA, Ahmed K. Protein kinase CK2 – diverse roles in cancer cell biology and therapeutic promise. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:899-926. [PMID: 36114992 PMCID: PMC9483426 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The association of protein kinase CK2 (formerly casein kinase II or 2) with cell growth and proliferation in cells was apparent at early stages of its investigation. A cancer-specific role for CK2 remained unclear until it was determined that CK2 was also a potent suppressor of cell death (apoptosis); the latter characteristic differentiated its function in normal versus malignant cells because dysregulation of both cell growth and cell death is a universal feature of cancer cells. Over time, it became evident that CK2 exerts its influence on a diverse range of cell functions in normal as well as in transformed cells. As such, CK2 and its substrates are localized in various compartments of the cell. The dysregulation of CK2 is documented in a wide range of malignancies; notably, by increased CK2 protein and activity levels with relatively moderate change in its RNA abundance. High levels of CK2 are associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancer types, and CK2 is a target for active research and testing for cancer therapy. Aspects of CK2 cellular roles and targeting in cancer are discussed in the present review, with focus on nuclear and mitochondrial functions and prostate, breast and head and neck malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeen H Trembley
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Betsy T Kren
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - George A Scaria
- Hematology/Oncology Section, Primary Care Service Line, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
| | - Mark A Klein
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Hematology/Oncology Section, Primary Care Service Line, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Khalil Ahmed
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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3
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The Role of Protein Kinase CK2 in Development and Disease Progression: A Critical Review. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10030031. [PMID: 35997395 PMCID: PMC9397010 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) is a ubiquitous holoenzyme involved in a wide array of developmental processes. The involvement of CK2 in events such as neurogenesis, cardiogenesis, skeletogenesis, and spermatogenesis is essential for the viability of almost all organisms, and its role has been conserved throughout evolution. Further into adulthood, CK2 continues to function as a key regulator of pathways affecting crucial processes such as osteogenesis, adipogenesis, chondrogenesis, neuron differentiation, and the immune response. Due to its vast role in a multitude of pathways, aberrant functioning of this kinase leads to embryonic lethality and numerous diseases and disorders, including cancer and neurological disorders. As a result, CK2 is a popular target for interventions aiming to treat the aforementioned diseases. Specifically, two CK2 inhibitors, namely CX-4945 and CIBG-300, are in the early stages of clinical testing and exhibit promise for treating cancer and other disorders. Further, other researchers around the world are focusing on CK2 to treat bone disorders. This review summarizes the current understanding of CK2 in development, the structure of CK2, the targets and signaling pathways of CK2, the implication of CK2 in disease progression, and the recent therapeutics developed to inhibit the dysregulation of CK2 function in various diseases.
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Rudzinska-Radecka M, Frolova AS, Balakireva AV, Gorokhovets NV, Pokrovsky VS, Sokolova DV, Korolev DO, Potoldykova NV, Vinarov AZ, Parodi A, Zamyatnin AA. In Silico, In Vitro, and Clinical Investigations of Cathepsin B and Stefin A mRNA Expression and a Correlation Analysis in Kidney Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:1455. [PMID: 35563761 PMCID: PMC9101197 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cysteine protease Cathepsin B (CtsB) plays a critical role in multiple signaling pathways, intracellular protein degradation, and processing. Endogenous inhibitors regulate its enzymatic activity, including stefins and other cystatins. Recent data proved that CtsB is implicated in tumor extracellular matrix remodeling, cell invasion, and metastasis: a misbalance between cathepsins and their natural inhibitors is often considered a sign of disease progression. In the present study, we investigated CtsB and stefin A (StfA) expression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). mRNA analysis unveiled a significant CTSB and STFA increase in RCC tissues compared to adjacent non-cancerogenic tissues and a higher CtsB expression in malignant tumors than in benign renal neoplasms. Further analysis highlighted a positive correlation between CtsB and StfA expression as a function of patient sex, age, tumor size, grade, lymph node invasion, metastasis occurrence, and survival. Alternative overexpression and silencing of CtsB and StfA confirmed the correlation expression between these proteins in human RCC-derived cells through protein analysis and fluorescent microscopy. Finally, the ectopic expression of CtsB and StfA increased RCC cell proliferation. Our data strongly indicated that CtsB and StfA expression play an important role in RCC development by mutually stimulating their expression in RCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rudzinska-Radecka
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.-R.); (A.S.F.); (A.V.B.); (N.V.G.); (A.P.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anastasia S. Frolova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.-R.); (A.S.F.); (A.V.B.); (N.V.G.); (A.P.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sochi, Russia; (V.S.P.); (D.V.S.)
| | - Anastasia V. Balakireva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.-R.); (A.S.F.); (A.V.B.); (N.V.G.); (A.P.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Neonila V. Gorokhovets
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.-R.); (A.S.F.); (A.V.B.); (N.V.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Vadim S. Pokrovsky
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sochi, Russia; (V.S.P.); (D.V.S.)
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Darina V. Sokolova
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sochi, Russia; (V.S.P.); (D.V.S.)
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry O. Korolev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.K.); (N.V.P.); (A.Z.V.)
| | - Natalia V. Potoldykova
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.K.); (N.V.P.); (A.Z.V.)
| | - Andrey Z. Vinarov
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.K.); (N.V.P.); (A.Z.V.)
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.-R.); (A.S.F.); (A.V.B.); (N.V.G.); (A.P.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sochi, Russia; (V.S.P.); (D.V.S.)
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.-R.); (A.S.F.); (A.V.B.); (N.V.G.); (A.P.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sochi, Russia; (V.S.P.); (D.V.S.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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Santoni M, Molina-Cerrillo J, Montironi R, Grande E. Re: Effect of Immunotherapy Time-of-day Infusion on Overall Survival Among Patients with Advanced Melanoma in the USA (MEMOIR): A Propensity Score-matched Analysis of a Single-centre, Longitudinal Study. Eur Urol 2022; 81:623-624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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6
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Wu R, Tang W, Qiu K, Li P, Li Y, Li D, He Z. An Integrative Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Prognostic and Immunological Role of Casein Kinase 2 Alpha Protein 1 (CSNK2A1) in Human Cancers: A Study Based on Bioinformatics and Immunohistochemical Analysis. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:6215-6232. [PMID: 34621130 PMCID: PMC8487869 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s330500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although emerging animal- or cell-based evidence supports the relationship between casein kinase 2 alpha protein 1 (CSNK2A1) and cancers, no pan-cancer analysis is available. Thus, this report aimed to display the prognostic landscape of CSNK2A1 in pan-cancer and investigate the relationship between CSNK2A1 and tumor immunity. Methods In the current study, we investigated the expression pattern, genetic alterations and survival analysis of CSNK2A1 in pan-cancer across multiple datasets and online platforms. The correlations between CSNK2A1 expression and tumor immunity were explored and visualized via R language software. Following this, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were conducted in clinical patients for proving the bioinformatic findings. Analysis of protein–protein interaction and gene functional enrichment was conducted using GeneMANIA platform and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), respectively. Results In TCGA, tumor tissue had a higher expression level of CSNK2A1 compared with that in corresponding normal tissue. An increased expression level of CSNK2A1 was related to poor clinical prognosis in most types of cancer such as LIHC. The following expression and survival analysis in clinical liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) patients confirmed these TCGA findings. CSNK2A1 expression had significant positive correlations with pro-tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) like M1-macrophages and fibroblasts, and significant negative correlations with anti-tumor-TIICs like activated CD8+ T cells and NK cells, suggesting specific interactions between CSNK2A1 and certain TIICs subtypes. Furthermore, CSNK2A1 expression had the most significant positive correlations with common markers of immune checkpoint including programmed death ligand-1 (PDL1) in LIHC. These findings were validated by an IHC analysis. GSEA analysis demonstrated that high expression of CSNK2A1 was related to cell signaling pathways and immunity-related activities. Conclusion These findings suggested that CSNK2A1 was not only related to poor clinical prognosis in cancer like LIHC but also a novel immunotherapy-related biomarker in cancers, especially in LIHC, shedding new light on anti-tumor strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong High Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-sen Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunyin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong High Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinggan Li
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong High Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong High Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong High Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanwen He
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong High Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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CK2α causes stemness and chemotherapy resistance in liver cancer through the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2021:S1499-3872(21)00173-9. [PMID: 34548224 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths globally. Cancer cell stemness and chemotherapy resistance contribute to the high mortality. Although evidence indicates that the alpha subunit of protein kinase 2 (CK2α) is involved in several human cancers, its function in liver cancer remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the role of CK2α in liver cancer. METHODS We examined the role of CK2α regulation in stemness and chemotherapy resistance capacity of liver cancer cells. MTT assays, tumor sphere formation assays, RT-PCR, flow cytometry, Western blotting assay, clonogenicity assay, matrigel invasion assay and bioinformatics were conducted in this study. RESULTS CK2α expression in the liver cancer tissues was notably upregulated compared with that in the corresponding non-tumorous tissues. The overexpression of CK2α promoted tumor sphere formation, increased the percentage of CD133(+) and side population cells, caused the resistance of liver cancer cells to 5-FU treatment, increased the expression levels of NANOG, OCT4, SOX2, Gli1 and Ptch1, and enhanced the ability of CD133(+) cell clone formation and invasion. Consistently, the downregulation of CK2α had the opposite effects. CK2α silencing inhibited the Hedgehog pathway by reducing the expression of Gli1 and Ptch1. Mechanistically, CK2α regulation on liver cancer cell stemness and chemotherapy resistance was found to be involved in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our study may bring some new insights into the occurrence of liver cancer. Furthermore, these findings suggest that targeting CK2α may be a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with liver cancer.
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Hussein UK, Ahmed AG, Song Y, Kim KM, Moon YJ, Ahn AR, Park HS, Ahn SJ, Park SH, Kim JR, Jang KY. CK2α/CSNK2A1 Induces Resistance to Doxorubicin through SIRT6-Mediated Activation of the DNA Damage Repair Pathway. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071770. [PMID: 34359939 PMCID: PMC8303481 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CK2α/CSNK2A1 is involved in cancer progression by phosphorylating various signaling molecules. Considering the role of CSNK2A1 in cancer progression and the phosphorylation of SIRT6 and the role of SIRT6 in chemoresistance through the DNA damage repair pathway, CSNK2A1 and SIRT6 might be involved in resistance to conventional anti-cancer therapies. We evaluated the expression of CSNK2A1 and phosphorylated SIRT6 in the 37 osteosarcoma patients and investigated the effects of CSNK2A1 and the phosphorylation of SIRT6 on Ser338 on resistance to the anti-cancer effects of doxorubicin. Higher expression of CSNK2A1 and phosphorylated SIRT6 was associated with shorter survival in osteosarcoma patients. U2OS and KHOS/NP osteosarcoma cells with induced overexpression of CSNK2A1 were resistant to the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin, and the knock-down of CSNK2A1 potentiated the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin. CSNK2A1 overexpression-mediated resistance to doxorubicin was associated with SIRT6 phosphorylation and the induction of the DNA damage repair pathway molecules. CSNK2A1- and SIRT6-mediated resistance to doxorubicin in vivo was attenuated via mutation of SIRT6 at the Ser338 phosphorylation site. Emodin, a CSNK2A1 inhibitor, potentiated the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin in osteosarcoma cells. This study suggests that blocking the CSNK2A1-SIRT6-DNA damage repair pathway might be a new therapeutic stratagem for osteosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Khamis Hussein
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (U.K.H.); (A.G.A.); (K.M.K.); (A.-R.A.); (H.S.P.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
- Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Gamal Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (U.K.H.); (A.G.A.); (K.M.K.); (A.-R.A.); (H.S.P.)
- Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Yiping Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (U.K.H.); (A.G.A.); (K.M.K.); (A.-R.A.); (H.S.P.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Young Jae Moon
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
| | - Ae-Ri Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (U.K.H.); (A.G.A.); (K.M.K.); (A.-R.A.); (H.S.P.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Ho Sung Park
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (U.K.H.); (A.G.A.); (K.M.K.); (A.-R.A.); (H.S.P.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Su Jin Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-H.P.); (J.R.K.); (K.Y.J.)
| | - Jung Ryul Kim
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.-H.P.); (J.R.K.); (K.Y.J.)
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (U.K.H.); (A.G.A.); (K.M.K.); (A.-R.A.); (H.S.P.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.-H.P.); (J.R.K.); (K.Y.J.)
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Protein kinase CK2: a potential therapeutic target for diverse human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:183. [PMID: 33994545 PMCID: PMC8126563 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CK2 is a constitutively active Ser/Thr protein kinase, which phosphorylates hundreds of substrates, controls several signaling pathways, and is implicated in a plethora of human diseases. Its best documented role is in cancer, where it regulates practically all malignant hallmarks. Other well-known functions of CK2 are in human infections; in particular, several viruses exploit host cell CK2 for their life cycle. Very recently, also SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has been found to enhance CK2 activity and to induce the phosphorylation of several CK2 substrates (either viral and host proteins). CK2 is also considered an emerging target for neurological diseases, inflammation and autoimmune disorders, diverse ophthalmic pathologies, diabetes, and obesity. In addition, CK2 activity has been associated with cardiovascular diseases, as cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, and cardiac hypertrophy. The hypothesis of considering CK2 inhibition for cystic fibrosis therapies has been also entertained for many years. Moreover, psychiatric disorders and syndromes due to CK2 mutations have been recently identified. On these bases, CK2 is emerging as an increasingly attractive target in various fields of human medicine, with the advantage that several very specific and effective inhibitors are already available. Here, we review the literature on CK2 implication in different human pathologies and evaluate its potential as a pharmacological target in the light of the most recent findings.
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Borgo C, D'Amore C, Cesaro L, Sarno S, Pinna LA, Ruzzene M, Salvi M. How can a traffic light properly work if it is always green? The paradox of CK2 signaling. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 56:321-359. [PMID: 33843388 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1908951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CK2 is a constitutively active protein kinase that assuring a constant level of phosphorylation to its numerous substrates supports many of the most important biological functions. Nevertheless, its activity has to be controlled and adjusted in order to cope with the varying needs of a cell, and several examples of a fine-tune regulation of its activity have been described. More importantly, aberrant regulation of this enzyme may have pathological consequences, e.g. in cancer, chronic inflammation, neurodegeneration, and viral infection. Our review aims at summarizing our current knowledge about CK2 regulation. In the first part, we have considered the most important stimuli shown to affect protein kinase CK2 activity/expression. In the second part, we focus on the molecular mechanisms by which CK2 can be regulated, discussing controversial aspects and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Borgo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio D'Amore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Cesaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Sarno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo A Pinna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Ruzzene
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Salvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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TMEM2 binds to CSNK2A3 to inhibit HBV infection via activation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 400:112517. [PMID: 33582094 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate mechanisms that TMEM2 activation inhibits hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in hepatocarcinoma (HCC) cells, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and mass spectrometry were used in screening interacting proteins for TMEM2. Levels of casein kinase 2 subunit α3 (CSNK2A3) in HCC cells were found to be inhibited or overexpressed using siRNAs and pcDNA3.1-CSNK2A3, respectively. Effect of CSNK2A3 expression on cell proliferation was analyzed using MTS, while its effect on HBV infection was measured using ddPCR and IHC. Western blotting and JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib were also used to determine whether TMEM2-regulated CSNK2A3 expression and HBV infection were affected by JAK-STAT signaling. Co-IP and mass spectrometry results showed that CSNK2A3 interacts with TMEM2. Moreover, overexpression of CSNK2A3 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, while inhibition of CSNK2A3 promoted proliferation of HCC cells. In addition, overexpression of CSNK2A3 was observed to significantly enhance HBV infection, while siRNA knockdown of CSNK2A3 inhibited HBV infection. Notably, effect of CSNK2A3 overexpression on HBV infection was suppressed by TMEM2 overexpression. Further mechanistic analyses have revealed that TMEM2 could antagonize the effects of CSNK2A3 on cell proliferation and HBV infection via JAK-STAT pathway activation. In conclusion, TMEM2 has been determined to bind to CSNK2A3 to inhibit HBV infection via activation of the JAK-STAT pathway.
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12
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Silva-Pavez E, Tapia JC. Protein Kinase CK2 in Cancer Energetics. Front Oncol 2020; 10:893. [PMID: 32626654 PMCID: PMC7315807 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 (formerly known as casein kinase 2) is abnormally elevated in many cancers. This may increase tumor aggressiveness through CK2-dependent phosphorylation of key proteins in several signaling pathways. In this work, we have compiled evidence from the literature to suggest that CK2 also modulates a metabolic switch characteristic of cancer cells that enhances resistance to death, due to either drugs or to a microenvironment deficient in oxygen or nutrients. Concurrently, CK2 may help to preserve mitochondrial activity in a PTEN-dependent manner. PTEN, widely recognized as a tumor suppressor, is another CK2 substrate in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway that promotes cancer viability and aerobic glycolysis. Given that CK2 can regulate Akt as well as two of its main effectors, namely mTORC1 and β-catenin, we comprehensively describe how CK2 may modulate cancer energetics by regulating expression of key targets and downstream processes, such as HIF-1 and autophagy, respectively. Thus, the specific inhibition of CK2 may lead to a catastrophic death of cancer cells, which could become a feasible therapeutic strategy to beat this devastating disease. In fact, ATP-competitive inhibitors, synthetic peptides and antisense oligonucleotides have been designed as CK2 inhibitors, some of them used in preclinical models of cancer, of which TBB and silmitasertib are widely known. We will finish by discussing a hypothetical scenario in which cancer cells are "addicted" to CK2; i.e., in which many proteins that regulate signaling pathways and metabolism-linked processes are highly dependent on this kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Silva-Pavez
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio C Tapia
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Sahar T, Nigam A, Anjum S, Waziri F, Biswas S, Jain SK, Wajid S. Interactome Analysis of the Differentially Expressed Proteins in Uterine Leiomyoma. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1293-1312. [PMID: 30727917 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190206143523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in proteomics present enormous opportunities to discover proteome related disparities and thus understanding the molecular mechanisms related to a disease. Uterine leiomyoma is a benign monoclonal tumor, located in the pelvic region, and affecting 40% of reproductive aged female. OBJECTIVE Identification and characterization of the differentially expressed proteins associated with leiomyogenesis by comparing uterine leiomyoma and normal myometrium. METHODS Paired samples of uterine leiomyoma and adjacent myometrium retrieved from twenty-five females suffering from uterine leiomyoma (n=50) were submitted to two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), matrixassisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Comparison of protein patterns revealed seven proteins with concordantly increased spot intensities in leiomyoma samples. E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MIB2 (MIB2), Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 10 (MED10), HIRA-interacting protein (HIRP3) and Fatty acid binding protein brain (FABP7) were found to be upregulated. While, Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 subunit 2 (BL1S2), Shadow of prion protein (SPRN) and RNA binding motif protein X linked like 2 (RMXL2) were found to be exclusively present in leiomyoma sample. The expression modulations of the corresponding genes were further validated which corroborated with the 2-DE result showing significant upregulation in leiomyoma. We have generated a master network showing the interactions of the experimentally identified proteins with their close neighbors and further scrutinized the network to prioritize the routes leading to cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of identified proteins as potential targets for therapeutic purpose. This work provides an insight into the mechanism underlying the overexpression of the proteins but warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahreem Sahar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Aruna Nigam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HIMSR and HAH Centenary Hospital, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shadab Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Farheen Waziri
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shipie Biswas
- Molecular Diagnostics, Genetix Biotech Asia Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 110015, India
| | - Swatantra K Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Saima Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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Casein kinase 2 inhibition sensitizes medulloblastoma to temozolomide. Oncogene 2019; 38:6867-6879. [PMID: 31406250 PMCID: PMC6800621 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Since surviving patients experience severe neurocognitive disabilities, better and more effective treatments are needed to enhance their quality of life. Casein Kinase 2 (CK2) is known to regulate cell growth and survival in multiple cancers; however, the role of CK2 in MB is currently being studied. In this study we verified the importance of CK2 in MB tumorigenesis and discovered that inhibition of CK2 using the small molecule inhibitor, CX-4945, can sensitize MB cells to a well-known and tolerated chemotherapeutic, temozolomide (TMZ). To study the role of CK2 in MB we modulated CK2 expression in multiple MB cell. Exogenous expression of CK2 enhanced cell growth and tumor growth in mice, while depletion or inhibition of CK2 expression decreased MB tumorigenesis. Treatment with CX-4945 reduced MB growth and increased apoptosis. We conducted a high-throughput screen where 4,000 small molecule compounds were analyzed to identify compounds that increased the anti-tumorigenic properties of CX-4945. TMZ was found to work synergistically with CX-4945 to decrease cell survival and increase apoptosis in MB cells. O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) activity is directly correlated to TMZ sensitivity. We found that loss of CK2 activity reduced β-catenin expression, a known MGMT regulator, which in turn led to a decrease in MGMT expression and an increased sensitivity to TMZ. Our findings show that CK2 is important for MB maintenance and that treatment with CX-4945 can sensitize MB cells to TMZ treatment.
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Guerra B, Issinger OG. Natural Compounds and Derivatives as Ser/Thr Protein Kinase Modulators and Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E4. [PMID: 30609679 PMCID: PMC6469162 DOI: 10.3390/ph12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for new drugs is compelling, irrespective of the disease. Focusing on medical problems in the Western countries, heart disease and cancer are at the moment predominant illnesses. Owing to the fact that ~90% of all 21,000 cellular proteins in humans are regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation it is not surprising that the enzymes catalysing these reactions (i.e., protein kinases and phosphatases, respectively) have attracted considerable attention in the recent past. Protein kinases are major team players in cell signalling. In tumours, these enzymes are found to be mutated disturbing the proper function of signalling pathways and leading to uncontrolled cellular growth and sustained malignant behaviour. Hence, the search for small-molecule inhibitors targeting the altered protein kinase molecules in tumour cells has become a major research focus in the academia and pharmaceutical companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Guerra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Olaf-Georg Issinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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Jiang L, Zhang J, Hu N, Liu A, Zhu H, Li L, Tian Y, Chen X, Quan L. Lentivirus-mediated down-regulation of CK2α inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of malignant lymphoma and leukemia cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:786-796. [PMID: 29772186 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase II subunit alpha (CK2α) is highly expressed in many malignant tumor tissues, including lymphomas and leukemia. To investigate the role of CK2α in cell proliferation and apoptosis of malignant lymphomas and leukemia, 2 lymphoma cell lines and one leukemia cell line were infected with CK2α shRNA lentivirus or negative control shRNA lentivirus, and stably infected cell lines were established. Real-time PCR and Western blot results showed that the mRNA and protein levels of CK2α were significantly reduced in CK2α knockdown cells. The tetrazolium-based colorimetric (MTT) assay found that down-regulation of CK2α inhibited the proliferation of these cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that inhibition of CK2α induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of lymphoma and leukemia cells. In accordance with these, down-regulation of CK2α also reduced the protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclinD1, and bcl-2, and increased the protein expression of bax, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP). Moreover, knockdown of CK2α impeded the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo. In summary, our study revealed that CK2α may contribute to the development of malignant lymphoma and leukemia, and serve as the therapeutic target of these malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- a Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- b Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Fourth Hospital, Harbin 150026, People's Republic of China
| | - Naifeng Hu
- c Department of Internal Medicine, Forest Industry General Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Aichun Liu
- a Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Zhu
- d School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqiao Li
- a Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Tian
- a Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Chen
- a Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Quan
- a Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
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Vilardell J, Alcaraz E, Sarró E, Trilla E, Cuadros T, de Torres I, Plana M, Ramón Y Cajal S, Pinna LA, Ruzzene M, Morote J, Meseguer A, Itarte E. Under-expression of CK2β subunit in ccRCC represents a complementary biomarker of p-STAT3 Ser727 that correlates with patient survival. Oncotarget 2017; 9:5736-5751. [PMID: 29464030 PMCID: PMC5814170 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common and aggressive subtype of renal cancer. STAT3 pathway is altered in these tumors and p-STAT3 Ser727 is an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC. Protein kinase CK2 is altered in different types of tumors and overexpression of CK2α is considered predictive of bad prognosis and metastatic risk. CK2 subunits analyses in ccRCC samples showed increased CK2α/α’ nuclear content in all cases, but decreased cytosolic CK2β (CK2βcyt) levels in the more advanced tumors. Stable downregulation of CK2β in renal proximal tubular (HK-2) and clear cell adenocarcinoma (786-O) cells triggered changes in E-cadherin, vimentin and Snail1 protein levels indicative of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and increased HIF-α. Moreover, CK2β was required in order to observe STAT3 Ser727 phosphorylation in HK-2 but not in 786-O cells. We also observed that CK2β improved the prognostic value of p-STAT3 Ser727, as CK2βcyt>41 (median value) discriminates patients free of disease for a period of 10 years upon surgery, from those with CK2βcyt<41, when p-STAT3 Ser727levels are low. We conclude that CK2β down-regulation might represent a mechanism to support EMT and angiogenesis and that CK2βcyt levels are instrumental to refine prognosis of ccRCC patients with low p-STAT3 Ser727 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vilardell
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estefania Alcaraz
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Sarró
- Fisiopatología Renal, CIBBIM, VHIR, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Trilla
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thaïs Cuadros
- Fisiopatología Renal, CIBBIM, VHIR, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés de Torres
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Plana
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo A Pinna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Ruzzene
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Juan Morote
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Meseguer
- Fisiopatología Renal, CIBBIM, VHIR, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Itarte
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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Chua MMJ, Lee M, Dominguez I. Cancer-type dependent expression of CK2 transcripts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188854. [PMID: 29206231 PMCID: PMC5714396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A multitude of proteins are aberrantly expressed in cancer cells, including the oncogenic serine-threonine kinase CK2. In a previous report, we found increases in CK2 transcript expression that could explain the increased CK2 protein levels found in tumors from lung and bronchus, prostate, breast, colon and rectum, ovarian and pancreatic cancers. We also found that, contrary to the current notions about CK2, some CK2 transcripts were downregulated in several cancers. Here, we investigate all other cancers using Oncomine to determine whether they also display significant CK2 transcript dysregulation. As anticipated from our previous analysis, we found cancers with all CK2 transcripts upregulated (e.g. cervical), and cancers where there was a combination of upregulation and/or downregulation of the CK2 transcripts (e.g. sarcoma). Unexpectedly, we found some cancers with significant downregulation of all CK2 transcripts (e.g. testicular cancer). We also found that, in some cases, CK2 transcript levels were already dysregulated in benign lesions (e.g. Barrett’s esophagus). We also found that CK2 transcript upregulation correlated with lower patient survival in most cases where data was significant. However, there were two cancer types, glioblastoma and renal cell carcinoma, where CK2 transcript upregulation correlated with higher survival. Overall, these data show that the expression levels of CK2 genes is highly variable in cancers and can lead to different patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. J. Chua
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Migi Lee
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Isabel Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bitirim CV, Tuncay E, Turan B. Demonstration of subcellular migration of CK2α localization from nucleus to sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum in mammalian cardiomyocytes under hyperglycemia. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 443:25-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Chua MMJ, Ortega CE, Sheikh A, Lee M, Abdul-Rassoul H, Hartshorn KL, Dominguez I. CK2 in Cancer: Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Target. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:E18. [PMID: 28134850 PMCID: PMC5374422 DOI: 10.3390/ph10010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CK2 genes are overexpressed in many human cancers, and most often overexpression is associated with worse prognosis. Site-specific expression in mice leads to cancer development (e.g., breast, lymphoma) indicating the oncogenic nature of CK2. CK2 is involved in many key aspects of cancer including inhibition of apoptosis, modulation of signaling pathways, DNA damage response, and cell cycle regulation. A number of CK2 inhibitors are now available and have been shown to have activity against various cancers in vitro and in pre-clinical models. Some of these inhibitors are now undergoing exploration in clinical trials as well. In this review, we will examine some of the major cancers in which CK2 inhibition has promise based on in vitro and pre-clinical studies, the proposed cellular and signaling mechanisms of anti-cancer activity by CK2 inhibitors, and the current or recent clinical trials using CK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M J Chua
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Charina E Ortega
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Ayesha Sheikh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Migi Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Hussein Abdul-Rassoul
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Kevan L Hartshorn
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Isabel Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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