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Azizidoost S, Nasrolahi A, Sheykhi-Sabzehpoush M, Akiash N, Assareh AR, Anbiyaee O, Antosik P, Dzięgiel P, Farzaneh M, Kempisty B. Potential roles of endothelial cells-related non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 242:154330. [PMID: 36696805 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is identified by a conversion of the endothelium toward decreased vasodilation and prothrombic features and is known as a primary pathogenic incident in cardiovascular diseases. An insight based on particular and promising biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction may possess vital clinical significances. Currently, non-coding RNAs due to their participation in critical cardiovascular processes like initiation and progression have gained much attention as possible diagnostic as well as prognostic biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases. Emerging line of proof has demonstrated that abnormal expression of non-coding RNAs is nearly correlated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. In the present review, we focus on the expression and functional effects of various kinds of non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases and negotiate their possible clinical implications as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and curative targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Azizidoost
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ava Nasrolahi
- Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Nehzat Akiash
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Assareh
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Omid Anbiyaee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Nemazi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland; Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland; North Carolina State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Targeted delivery of miR-218 via decorated hyperbranched polyamidoamine for liver cancer regression. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121256. [PMID: 34732362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of most common causes of cancer death worldwide. MicroRNA (miRNA) replacement gene therapy is a novel approach for HCC management. MiR-218 is a promising tumor suppressor miRNA that is down-regulated in HCC. Here, our aim was the targeted delivery of miR-218 expressing DNA plasmid (pmiR-218) to suppress HCC in vitro and in vivo. Hyperbranched polyamidoamine was synthesized via simple and economically one-pot reaction followed by decoration with lactobionic acid (LA-PAMAM) to selectively deliver and restore miR-218 expression in HCC. In vitro cytotoxicity investigations revealed the high biocompatibility of LA-PAMAM. Furthermore, decoration of hyperbranched polymer with LA moieties enabled LA-PAMAM to deliver pmiR-218 more efficiently to HepG2 cells compared to both PMAMA and naked pmiR-218. Such efficient delivery of miR-218 resulted in suppression of HepG2 proliferation and down-regulation of its oncogenic HOXA1 target. In vivo, LA-PAMAM/pmiR-218 treatment of HCC induced by DEN and CCl4 in mice leads to an obvious decrease in the number and size of HCC nodules. In addition, LA-PAMAM/pmiR-218 significantly improved the liver histological features, as well as down-regulated the HOXA1 in liver tissue. In conclusion, this study showed the potential of LA-PAMAM carrier for the targeted delivery of tumor suppressor miR-218 as a therapeutic candidate for HCC.
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Liu Y, Wu Y, Liu S, Dai Y. Long Non-Coding RNA TRIM52-AS1 Promotes Growth and Metastasis via miR-218-5p/ROBO1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:547-558. [PMID: 33519234 PMCID: PMC7837577 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s286205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant disease with a high mortality among primary HCC patients worldwide. Lots of studies have shown that lncRNAs are known as the biomarkers in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, clarifying the detailed function and mechanism of the lncRNA in the HCC progressing seems particularly important. Methods The TCGA and GEO database and RT-qPCR were used to analyse the expression of TRIM52-AS1 in HCC tissues and cell lines. Clinical data were collected to further analyze the correlation between indicators of clinical samples and the expression of TRIM52-AS1. CCK-8, plate clone and transwell assays were employed to evaluate the role of TRIM52-AS1 on cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Then, bioinformatics prediction, luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and RT-qPCR were employed to analyze the direct interaction among TRIM52-AS1, miR-218-5p and ROBO1. Additionally, the rescue function assays were used to verify that miR-218-5p/ROBO1 was the function downstream of TRIM52-AS1. Results TRIM52-AS1 was overexpressed in HCC according to the TCGA database and RT-qPCR assay. The expression of TRIM52-AS1 was higher in the metastatic foci compared with primary tumor according to the GEO database. Additionally, TRIM52-AS1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells. TRIM52-AS1 could act as competitive endogenous RNA to regulate ROBO1 through miR-218-5p, then promoted the HCC cell progression. Conclusion TRIM52-AS1 is overexpressed in HCC and can promote the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells through miR-218-5p/ROBO1 axis, then drives the HCC cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629000, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yakun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629000, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629000, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629000, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
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Cao Q, Guo Z, Du S, Ling H, Song C. Circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Life Sci 2020; 255:117837. [PMID: 32450175 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a common cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have attracted substantial attention for their roles in various physiological and pathological processes. In recent years, research on the roles of circRNAs in atherosclerosis has progressed rapidly, and they have been implicated in the pathophysiological processes underlying the development of atherosclerosis, including changes in the functions of endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and macrophages. In this review article, we summarize currently available data regarding the role of circRNAs in atherosclerosis and how circRNAs influence the development of atherosclerosis by regulating ECs, VSMCs, and macrophages. We also discuss their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital affiliated to Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin, China
| | - Ziyuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital affiliated to Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin, China
| | - Shuangshuang Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital affiliated to Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin, China
| | - Hao Ling
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital affiliated to Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital affiliated to Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin, China.
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Zhang TR, Huang WQ. Angiogenic circular RNAs: A new landscape in cardiovascular diseases. Microvasc Res 2020; 129:103983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.103983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhao H, Xie Z, Tang G, Wei S, Chen G. Knockdown of terminal differentiation induced ncRNA (TINCR) suppresses proliferation and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting the miR-218-5p/DEAD-box helicase 5 (DDX5) axis. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6990-7002. [PMID: 31994189 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Terminal differentiation induced ncRNA (TINCR), a newly identified lncRNA, has been found to be associated with different human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little is known regarding the pathological mechanisms of TINCR in HCC progression. In this study, we confirmed that TINCR expression was upregulated in HCC tumors and cell lines, and high TINCR expression was associated with larger tumor size, advanced tumor node metastasis stage, and poor prognosis. Functionally, knockdown of TINCR facilitated apoptosis and suppressed viability, colony formation and invasion in Huh7 and Hep3B cells. Mechanically, TINCR functioned as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate DEAD-box helicase 5 (DDX5) expression through sponging miR-218-5p. Moreover, the miR-218-5p expression was downregulated and DDX5 expression was upregulated in HCC tumors. The silencing of miR-218-5p or ectopic expression of DDX5 abated the tumor-suppressive effect of TINCR knockdown in vitro. Furthermore, si-TINCR-induced inactivation of AKT signaling was rescued by suppression of miR-218-5p or overexpression of DDX5. Also, the silencing of TINCR resulted in tumor growth inhibition in vivo. In summary, knockdown of TINCR suppressed HCC progression presumably by inactivation of AKT signaling through targeting the miR-218-5p/DDX5 axis, suggesting a novel TINCR/miR-218-5p/DDX5 pathway and therapy target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibo Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhantao Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaofeng Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sidong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoyong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Liu Z, Mao L, Wang L, Zhang H, Hu X. miR‑218 functions as a tumor suppressor gene in cervical cancer. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:209-219. [PMID: 31746391 PMCID: PMC6896272 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous microRNA (miR) microarray analysis revealed that miR‑218 is downregulated in cervical cancer tissues. The present study aimed to further evaluate the expression of miR‑218 in cervical cancer specimens, determine the association between its expression with disease progression, and investigate the roles of miR‑218 in cervical cancer cells. Tissue specimens were obtained from 80 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 30 patients with high‑grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [(CIN) II/III] and 15 patients with low‑grade CIN (CINI); in addition, 60 plasma samples were obtained from patients with cervical cancer, and 15 normal cervical tissue specimens and 30 plasma samples were obtained from healthy women. These samples were used for analysis of miR‑218 expression via reverse transcription‑-quantitative PCR. In addition, tumor cells were transfected with miR‑218 mimics, human papillomavirus (HPV)16 E6/E7 small interfering RNA, or their respective negative controls to determine the viability, colony formation, migration and invasion of cells using MTT, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Target genes of miR‑218 were bioinformatically predicted and analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) terms. The results revealed that miR‑218 was downregulated in the tumor tissues and plasma of patients with cervical cancer, with expression associated with the advanced clinicopathological characteristics of patients, including HPV positivity, tumor size, blood vessel invasion and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, miR‑218 overexpression reduced tumor cell viability and xenograft growth, and suppressed tumor cell migration and invasion. HPV was detected in 75% of the 80 patients with cervical cancer, and HPV positivity was inversely associated with miR‑218 expression. In addition, bioinformatics analysis predicted that roundabout guidance receptor 1 (ROBO1) was a target gene of miR‑218; miR‑218 overexpression significantly reduced ROBO1 levels. Furthermore, GO analysis revealed that ROBO1 was involved in regulating cell proliferation, adhesion and migration, and the cell cycle. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that miR‑218 may possess antitumor activities in cervical cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/virology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- HeLa Cells
- Human papillomavirus 16/genetics
- Human papillomavirus 16/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/biosynthesis
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics
- Papillomavirus E7 Proteins/biosynthesis
- Papillomavirus E7 Proteins/genetics
- Papillomavirus Infections/genetics
- Papillomavirus Infections/metabolism
- Papillomavirus Infections/pathology
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/biosynthesis
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/genetics
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/metabolism
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lin Mao
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Pan L, Lian W, Zhang X, Han S, Cao C, Li X, Li M. Human circular RNA‑0054633 regulates high glucose‑induced vascular endothelial cell dysfunction through the microRNA‑218/roundabout 1 and microRNA‑218/heme oxygenase‑1 axes. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:597-606. [PMID: 29693114 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relative regulation of human circular RNA‑0054633 (hsa_circ_0054633), microRNA‑218 (miR‑218), roundabout 1 (ROBO1) and heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in high glucose conditions. Initially, the expression of hsa_circ_0054633 in HUVECs was detected in high glucose conditions by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Next, a small interfering RNA against hsa_circ_0054633 was constructed to investigate the function of jsa_circ_0054633 in HUVECs by transwell migration, cell counting kit‑8, flow cytometry and tube formation assays. In addition, the effect of hsa_circ_0054633 on the expression levels of ROBO1, HO‑1 and vascular endothelial growth factor were examined. The regulation effects of hsa_circ_0054633 on high glucose‑induced HUVEC proliferation, migration, and angiopoiesis were also analyzed. Bioinformatics analysis and dual‑luciferase assay were then used to confirm the direct or specific regulation of hsa_circ_0054633, miR‑218, ROBO1 and HO‑1. It was observed that high glucose levels increased the expression of hsa_circ_0054633, while downregulation of hsa_circRNA‑0054633 increased the high glucose‑induced endothelial cell dysfunction, including proliferation, migration and angiopoiesis suppression. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the expression of circRNA‑0054633 was able to inhibit miR‑218 expression, which was clarified by the dual‑luciferase assay. It was also demonstrated that downregulating the expression of miR‑218 inhibited the high glucose‑induced endothelial cell dysfunction by promoting the expression of ROBO1 and HO‑1. These results suggest that the expression of hsa_circRNA‑0054633 has a protective effect against high glucose‑induced endothelial cell dysfunction by targeting ROBO1 and HO‑1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Pan
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Weishuai Lian
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Shilong Han
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Chuanwu Cao
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Maoquan Li
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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Sui J, Miao Y, Han J, Nan H, Shen B, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Wu W, Liu T, Xu S, Yang S, Yin L, Pu Y, Liang G. Systematic analyses of a novel lncRNA-associated signature as the prognostic biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3240-3256. [PMID: 29761859 PMCID: PMC6051236 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence implies that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in predicting survival for Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. This study aims to capture the current research hotspots of HCC, based on the analysis of publications related to HCC research from 2013 to 2017, and to identify a novel lncRNA signature for HCC prognosis through the data mining in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). “Prognosis” and “biomarker” were located in the core of the HCC research hotspot. Moreover, long noncoding RNA was the top one research frontier in HCC research. The associations between survival outcome and the expression of lncRNAs were evaluated by the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Four lncRNAs (LINC00261, TRELM3P, GBP1P1, and CDKN2B‐AS1) were identified as significantly correlated with overall survival (OS). These four lncRNAs were gathered as a single prognostic signature. There was a significant positive correlation between HCC patients with low‐risk scores and overall survival (HR = 1.802, 95%CI [1.224‐2.652], P = .003). Further analysis suggested that the prognostic value of this four‐lncRNA signature was independent in clinical features. The enrichment analysis of prognostic lncRNA‐related gene was performed to find out the related pathways. Our study indicates that this novel lncRNA expression signature may be a useful biomarker of the prognosis for HCC patients, based on bioinformatics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hongmei Nan
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Geyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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