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Semenzato G, Calabretto G, Teramo A, Gasparini VR, Rampazzo E, Barilà G, Zambello R. The constitutive activation of STAT3 gene and its mutations are at the crossroad between LGL leukemia and autoimmune disorders. Blood Cancer J 2024; 14:13. [PMID: 38238319 PMCID: PMC10796758 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-024-00977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Type T Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia (T-LGLL) is a chronic disorder characterized by the abnormal proliferation of clonal cytotoxic T cells. The intriguing association of T-LGLL with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, the most prominent example being rheumatoid arthritis, raises questions about the underlying pathophysiologic relationships between these disorders which share several biological and clinical features, most notably neutropenia, which is considered as a clinical hallmark. Recent progress in molecular genetics has contributed to a better understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms, thus moving our knowledge in the field of LGL leukemias forward. Focusing on the constitutive activation of STAT3 pathway and the well-established role of STAT3 mutations in T-LGLL, we herein discuss whether the T cell clones occurring in comorbid conditions are the cause or the consequence of the immune-inflammatory associated events. Overall, this review sheds light on the intricate relationships between inflammation and cancer, emphasizing the importance of the STAT3 gene and its activation in the pathophysiology of these conditions. Gaining a deeper understanding of these underlying mechanisms seeks to pave the way for the development of novel targeted therapies for patients affected by inflammation-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpietro Semenzato
- University of Padova, Department of Medicine, Hematology Unit, Padova, Italy.
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
| | - Giulia Calabretto
- University of Padova, Department of Medicine, Hematology Unit, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Teramo
- University of Padova, Department of Medicine, Hematology Unit, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Vanessa Rebecca Gasparini
- University of Padova, Department of Medicine, Hematology Unit, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Rampazzo
- University of Padova, Department of Medicine, Hematology Unit, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Gregorio Barilà
- University of Padova, Department of Medicine, Hematology Unit, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Hematology Unit, Ospedale S. Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Renato Zambello
- University of Padova, Department of Medicine, Hematology Unit, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
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2
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Dong Y, Chen J, Chen Y, Liu S. Targeting the STAT3 oncogenic pathway: Cancer immunotherapy and drug repurposing. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115513. [PMID: 37741251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune effector cells in the microenvironment tend to be depleted or remodeled, unable to perform normal functions, and even promote the malignant characterization of tumors, resulting in the formation of immunosuppressive microenvironments. The strategy of reversing immunosuppressive microenvironment has been widely used to enhance the tumor immunotherapy effect. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was found to be a crucial regulator of immunosuppressive microenvironment formation and activation as well as a factor, stimulating tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasiveness and metastasis. Therefore, regulating the immune microenvironment by targeting the STAT3 oncogenic pathway might be a new cancer therapy strategy. This review discusses the pleiotropic effects of STAT3 on immune cell populations that are critical for tumorigenesis, and introduces the novel strategies targeting STAT3 oncogenic pathway for cancer immunotherapy. Lastly, we summarize the conventional drugs used in new STAT3-targeting anti-tumor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Dong
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine Internal Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 1 Xiyuan Playground, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songjiang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No.26, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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3
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Akkad N, Kodgule R, Duncavage EJ, Mehta-Shah N, Spencer DH, Watkins M, Shirai C, Myckatyn TM. Evaluation of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma With Whole Exome and Genome Sequencing. Aesthet Surg J 2023; 43:318-328. [PMID: 36351182 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjac282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare malignancy originating from the periprosthetic capsule of a textured, most often macrotextured, breast implant. Identified in women whose indications for breast implants can be either aesthetic or reconstructive, the genomic underpinnings of this disease are only beginning to be elucidated. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the exomes, and in some cases the entire genome, of patients with BIA-ALCL. Specific attention was paid to copy number alterations, chromosomal translocations, and other genomic abnormalities overrepresented in patients with BIA-ALCL. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed on 6 patients, and whole-genome sequencing on 3 patients, with the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencer. Data were analyzed with the Illumina DRAGEN Bio-IT Platform and the ChromoSeq pipeline. The Pathseq Genome Analysis Toolkit pipeline was used to detect the presence of microbial genomes in the sequenced samples. RESULTS Two cases with STAT3 mutations and 2 cases with NRAS mutations were noted. A critically deleted 7-Mb region was identified at the 11q22.3 region of chromosome 11, and multiple nonrecurrent chromosomal rearrangements were identified by whole-genome sequencing. Recurrent gene-level rearrangements, however, were not identified. None of the samples showed evidence of potential microbial pathogens. CONCLUSIONS Although no recurrent mutations were identified, this study identified mutations in genes not previously reported with BIA-ALCL or other forms of ALCL. Furthermore, not previously reported with BIA-ALCL, 11q22.3 deletions were consistent across whole-genome sequencing cases and present in some exomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Akkad
- Resident of internal medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcus Watkins
- Research coordinator of medical oncology, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cara Shirai
- Instructor of pathology and immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Terence M Myckatyn
- Professor of plastic and reconstructive surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Major A, Porcu P, Haverkos BM. Rational Targets of Therapy in Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051366. [PMID: 36900160 PMCID: PMC10000128 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is an aggressive extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with poor outcomes, particularly in advanced-stage and relapsed/refractory disease. Emerging research on molecular drivers of ENKTL lymphomagenesis by next-generation and whole genome sequencing has revealed diverse genomic mutations in multiple signaling pathways, with the identification of multiple putative targets for novel therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize the biological underpinnings of newly-understood therapeutic targets in ENKTL with a focus on translational implications, including epigenetic and histone regulatory aberrations, activation of cell proliferation signaling pathways, suppression of apoptosis and tumor suppressor genes, changes in the tumor microenvironment, and EBV-mediated oncogenesis. In addition, we highlight prognostic and predictive biomarkers which may enable a personalized medicine approach toward ENKTL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Major
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Pierluigi Porcu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bradley M. Haverkos
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-720-848-0414
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Valori M, Lehikoinen J, Jansson L, Clancy J, Lundgren SA, Mustjoki S, Tienari P. High prevalence of low-allele-fraction somatic mutations in STAT3 in peripheral blood CD8+ cells in multiple sclerosis patients and controls. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278245. [PMID: 36441748 PMCID: PMC9704626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations have a central role in cancer, but there are also a few rare autoimmune diseases in which somatic mutations play a major role. We have recently shown that nonsynonymous somatic mutations with low allele fractions are preferentially detectable in CD8+ cells and that the STAT3 gene is a promising target for screening. Here, we analyzed somatic mutations in the STAT3 SH2 domain in peripheral blood CD8+ cells in a set of 94 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 99 matched controls. PCR amplicons targeting the exons 20 and 21 of STAT3 were prepared and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq instrument with 2x300bp reads. We designed a novel variant calling method, optimized for large number of samples, high sequencing depth (>25,000x) and small target genomic area. Overall, we discovered 64 STAT3 somatic mutations in the 193 donors, of which 63 were non-synonymous and 77% have been previously reported in cancer or lymphoproliferative disease. The overall median variant allele fraction was 0.065% (range 0.007-1.2%), without significant difference between MS and controls (p = 0.82). There were 26 (28%) MS patients vs. 24 (24%) controls with mutations (p = 0.62). Two or more mutations were found in 9 MS patients vs. 2 controls (p = 0.03, pcorr = 0.12). Carriership of mutations associated with older age and lower neutrophil counts. These results demonstrate that STAT3 SH2 domain is a hotspot for somatic mutations in CD8+ cells with a prevalence of 26% among the participants. There were no significant differences in the mutation prevalences between MS patients and controls. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of antigenic stimuli in the expansion of the mutant clones. Furthermore, the high discovered prevalence of STAT3 somatic mutations makes it feasible to analyze these mutations directly in tissue-infiltrating CD8+ cells in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miko Valori
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Joonas Lehikoinen
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lilja Jansson
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonna Clancy
- Research and Development, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofie A. Lundgren
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pentti Tienari
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Zhuye Shigao Decoction Combined with Qingqi Huatan Pills in Alleviating the Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Phlegm-Heat Stagnating in the Lungs) via the IL-6-Mediated JAK1/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7942623. [PMID: 35571736 PMCID: PMC9106455 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7942623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic disease with a long course which is often induced by an acute exacerbation of the disease by a respiratory tract infection. We aimed to explore the effect of Zhuye Shigao Decoction combined with Qingqi Huatan Pills on the regulation of the interleukin (IL)-6-mediated JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway in rats with an acute exacerbation of COPD (phlegm-heat stagnating in the lungs). A model of COPD rats with lung phlegm-heat stagnation was established by smoking and intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The rats were randomly divided into eight groups: normal control, model control, three doses of herbs group, and three doses of herbs + itacitinib groups. The lung function indexes were measured by using a lung function tester, and changes in pathological features of all groups were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The mRNA expression and protein expression levels in lung tissues were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot, and immunohistochemical assay, respectively. Following treatment, IL-6 expression in lung tissues was significantly reduced compared with the model group. The results demonstrated that the medication was effective in alleviating the persistent airflow limitation and pathological features in COPD rats. Expression of JAK1/STAT3 in lung tissues was remarkably decreased. The JAK1/STAT3 pathway was inhibited, while SOCS3 expression was upregulated in the drug-treated groups compared with model control. However, after the addition of itacitinib (JAK1 inhibitor), the efficacy in each group was evidently impaired compared with herbs alone. Taken together, Zhuye Shigao Decoction combined with Qingqi Huatan Pills could improve the persistent airflow limitation and reduce lung inflammation and pathological changes of COPD possibly by regulating the expression of the IL-6-mediated JAK1/STAT3 pathway.
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Reneau JC, Shindiapina P, Braunstein Z, Youssef Y, Ruiz M, Farid S, Hanel W, Brammer JE. Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphomas: Current Approaches and Future Directions. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102699. [PMID: 35628826 PMCID: PMC9145443 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer/T(NK/T)-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that typically presents with an isolated nasal mass, but a sizeable minority present with advanced stage disease and have a significantly poorer prognosis. Those with limited disease are standardly treated with chemotherapy and radiation while those with advanced stage disease are treated with L-asparaginase containing chemotherapy regimens. The addition of modern radiation therapy techniques and the incorporation of L-asparaginase into chemotherapy regimens have significantly improved outcomes in this disease, but relapses and death from relapsed disease remain frequent. Given the high rate of relapse, several novel therapies have been evaluated for the treatment of this disease. In this review, we explore the current standard of care for ENKTL as well as novel therapies that have been evaluated for its treatment and the biologic understanding behind these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Reneau
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.C.R.); (P.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.R.); (S.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Polina Shindiapina
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.C.R.); (P.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.R.); (S.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Zachary Braunstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Youssef Youssef
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.C.R.); (P.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.R.); (S.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Miguel Ruiz
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.C.R.); (P.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.R.); (S.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Saira Farid
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.C.R.); (P.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.R.); (S.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Walter Hanel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.C.R.); (P.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.R.); (S.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Jonathan E. Brammer
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.C.R.); (P.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.R.); (S.F.); (W.H.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Araki T, Watanabe Y, Okada Y, Murakami H, Ogo N, Asai A. Identification of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 as a regulator of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling. Exp Cell Res 2022; 413:113079. [PMID: 35202674 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays key roles in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and immunosuppression. In many human cancer cells, STAT3 is hyperactivated, which leads to tumor progression and drug resistance, and therefore STAT3 and its modulators are considered effective drug targets. However, the complex regulatory mechanisms of STAT3 have made it difficult to develop potent anticancer drugs that suppress its activity. Here, we report serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) as a novel regulator of STAT3 signaling and an effective target for combination therapy with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. We screened small molecules using a gain-of-function mutant of STAT3 resistant to JAK inhibition and found that an SGK1 inhibitor suppressed the constitutive activation of STAT3. Importantly, our results revealed that SGK1 also mediated the activation of wild-type STAT3. Further examination suggested that the tuberous sclerosis complex 2 and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway were involved in STAT3 activation by SGK1. Finally, we demonstrated that SGK1 inhibition enhanced the inhibitory effect of a JAK inhibitor on STAT3 phosphorylation and cancer cell proliferation. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of STAT3 activation and suggest SGK1 as a potential target for STAT3-targeted combination cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Araki
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan; Discovery Technology Laboratories, Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuuki Watanabe
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan; Public Affairs and Policy Department, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okada
- Sohyaku Project Planning & Management Department, Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Murakami
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naohisa Ogo
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Eaton A, Wong V, Schiff D, Anderson E, Ding H, Capparelli EV, Determan D, Kuo DJ. Tumor Genomic Profiling and Ex Vivo Drug Sensitivity Testing for Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma Patients. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2022; 27:123-131. [DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-27.2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To describe the frequency of use of tumor genomic profiling and functional ex vivo drug sensitivity testing in pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies at our institution, and to determine how the results affected treatment selection.
METHODS
A retrospective chart review was conducted to analyze the frequency of tumor genomic profiling and functional drug sensitivity screening in our institution in pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies and to ask if the results were used to direct treatment. A case series of patients for whom these testing recommendations resulted in therapeutic interventions is reported.
RESULTS
Thirty-three patients underwent tumor genomic profiling assays, functional ex vivo testing, or both. Nineteen patients (58%) had genomic profiling assays performed alone, 3 (9%) had functional ex vivo testing performed alone, and 11 (33%) had both tests performed. Twenty-one (64%) patients had potentially actionable mutations detected by the genomic profiling assay. Seven (21%) patients received at least 1 chemotherapeutic agent in accordance with the tumor genomic profiling or functional ex vivo drug sensitivity testing results. Three (43%) of the 7 patients who were treated with testing directed therapy had a favorable treatment response (PR or CR) to treatments selected based upon results of genomic or functional ex vivo testing.
CONCLUSIONS
This retrospective case series demonstrates that precision medicine techniques such as genomic profiling and drug sensitivity testing can positively inform treatment selection in pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory leukemia and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrie Eaton
- Department of Pharmacy (AE, DD), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Victor Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology (VW, DS, EA, HD, DJK), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA/Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Deborah Schiff
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology (VW, DS, EA, HD, DJK), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA/Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Eric Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology (VW, DS, EA, HD, DJK), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA/Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Hilda Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology (VW, DS, EA, HD, DJK), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA/Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Edmund V. Capparelli
- Department of Pediatrics and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (EVC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Deb Determan
- Department of Pharmacy (AE, DD), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Dennis John Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology (VW, DS, EA, HD, DJK), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA/Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, San Diego, CA
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Sajjadi-Dokht M, Merza Mohamad TA, Rahman HS, Maashi MS, Danshina S, Shomali N, Solali S, Marofi F, Zeinalzadeh E, Akbari M, Adili A, Aslaminabad R, Hagh MF, Jarahian M. MicroRNAs and JAK/STAT3 signaling: A new promising therapeutic axis in blood cancers. Genes Dis 2021; 9:849-867. [PMID: 35685482 PMCID: PMC9170603 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood disorders include a wide spectrum of blood-associated malignancies resulting from inherited or acquired defects. The ineffectiveness of existing therapies against blood disorders arises from different reasons, one of which is drug resistance, so different types of leukemia may show different responses to treatment. Leukemia occurs for a variety of genetic and acquired reasons, leading to uncontrolled proliferation in one or more cell lines. Regarding the genetic defects, oncogene signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family transcription factor, especially STAT3, play an essential role in hematological disorders onset and progress upon mutations, dysfunction, or hyperactivity. Besides, microRNAs, as biological molecules, has been shown to play a dual role in either tumorigenesis and tumor suppression in various cancers. Besides, a strong association between STAT3 and miRNA has been reported. For example, miRNAs can regulate STAT3 via targeting its upstream mediators such as IL6, IL9, and JAKs or directly binding to the STAT3 gene. On the other hand, STAT3 can regulate miRNAs. In this review study, we aimed to determine the role of either microRNAs and STAT3 along with their effect on one another's activity and function in hematological malignancies.
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11
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Li B, Wan Q, Li Z, Chng WJ. Janus Kinase Signaling: Oncogenic Criminal of Lymphoid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205147. [PMID: 34680295 PMCID: PMC8533975 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Janus kinases (JAKs) are transmembrane receptors that pass signals from extracellular ligands to downstream. Increasing evidence has suggested that JAK family aberrations promote lymphoid cancer pathogenesis and progression through mediating gene expression via the JAK/STAT pathway or noncanonical JAK signaling. We are here to review how canonical JAK/STAT and noncanonical JAK signalings are represented and deregulated in lymphoid malignancies and how to target JAK for therapeutic purposes. Abstract The Janus kinase (JAK) family are known to respond to extracellular cytokine stimuli and to phosphorylate and activate signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT), thereby modulating gene expression profiles. Recent studies have highlighted JAK abnormality in inducing over-activation of the JAK/STAT pathway, and that the cytoplasmic JAK tyrosine kinases may also have a nuclear role. A couple of anti-JAK therapeutics have been developed, which effectively harness lymphoid cancer cells. Here we discuss mutations and fusions leading to JAK deregulations, how upstream nodes drive JAK expression, how classical JAK/STAT pathways are represented in lymphoid malignancies and the noncanonical and nuclear role of JAKs. We also summarize JAK inhibition therapeutics applied alone or synergized with other drugs in treating lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; or (Q.W.)
| | - Qin Wan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; or (Q.W.)
| | - Zhubo Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; or (Q.W.)
- Correspondence: or (Z.L.); (W.-J.C.)
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Correspondence: or (Z.L.); (W.-J.C.)
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12
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Moignet A, Pastoret C, Cartron G, Coppo P, Lamy T. Ruxolitinib for refractory large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Am J Hematol 2021; 96:E368-E370. [PMID: 34133042 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Moignet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Service d'Hématologie Clinique Rennes France
| | - Cédric Pastoret
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Laboratoire d'Hématologie Rennes France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche U1236 Rennes France
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- Department of Hematology CHU Montpellier, UMR 5535, Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Paul Coppo
- Service d'Hématologie Centre de Référence des Microangiopathies Thrombotiques (CNR‐MAT), Hôpital Saint‐Antoine, AP‐HP – Sorbonne – Université Paris France
- INSERM UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Paris France
| | - Thierry Lamy
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Service d'Hématologie Clinique Rennes France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche U1236 Rennes France
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13
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TNK1 is a ubiquitin-binding and 14-3-3-regulated kinase that can be targeted to block tumor growth. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5337. [PMID: 34504101 PMCID: PMC8429728 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TNK1 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase with poorly understood biological function and regulation. Here, we identify TNK1 dependencies in primary human cancers. We also discover a MARK-mediated phosphorylation on TNK1 at S502 that promotes an interaction between TNK1 and 14-3-3, which sequesters TNK1 and inhibits its kinase activity. Conversely, the release of TNK1 from 14-3-3 allows TNK1 to cluster in ubiquitin-rich puncta and become active. Active TNK1 induces growth factor-independent proliferation of lymphoid cells in cell culture and mouse models. One unusual feature of TNK1 is a ubiquitin-association domain (UBA) on its C-terminus. Here, we characterize the TNK1 UBA, which has high affinity for poly-ubiquitin. Point mutations that disrupt ubiquitin binding inhibit TNK1 activity. These data suggest a mechanism in which TNK1 toggles between 14-3-3-bound (inactive) and ubiquitin-bound (active) states. Finally, we identify a TNK1 inhibitor, TP-5801, which shows nanomolar potency against TNK1-transformed cells and suppresses tumor growth in vivo.
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14
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Tesoriere A, Dinarello A, Argenton F. The Roles of Post-Translational Modifications in STAT3 Biological Activities and Functions. Biomedicines 2021; 9:956. [PMID: 34440160 PMCID: PMC8393524 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is an important transcription factor that regulates cell growth and proliferation by regulating gene transcription of a plethora of genes. This protein also has many roles in cancer progression and several tumors such as prostate, lung, breast, and intestine cancers that are characterized by strong STAT3-dependent transcriptional activity. This protein is post-translationally modified in different ways according to cellular context and stimulus, and the same post-translational modification can have opposite effects in different cellular models. In this review, we describe the studies performed on the main modifications affecting the activity of STAT3: phosphorylation of tyrosine 705 and serine 727; acetylation of lysine 49, 87, 601, 615, 631, 685, 707, and 709; and methylation of lysine 49, 140, and 180. The extensive results obtained by different studies demonstrate that post-translational modifications drastically change STAT3 activities and that we need further analysis to properly elucidate all the functions of this multifaceted transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesco Argenton
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (A.T.); (A.D.)
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15
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Hijacking the Pathway: Perspectives in the Treatment of Mature T-cell Leukemias. Hemasphere 2021; 5:e573. [PMID: 34095757 PMCID: PMC8171373 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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16
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Selective drug combination vulnerabilities in STAT3- and TP53-mutant malignant NK cells. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1862-1875. [PMID: 33792631 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms are rare but very aggressive types of cancers. With currently available treatments, they have a very poor prognosis and, as such, are an example of group of cancers in which the development of effective precision therapies is needed. Using both short- and long-term drug sensitivity testing, we explored novel ways to target NK-cell neoplasms by combining the clinically approved JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib with other targeted agents. We profiled 7 malignant NK-cell lines in drug sensitivity screens and identified that these exhibit differential drug sensitivities based on their genetic background. In short-term assays, various classes of drugs combined with ruxolitinib seemed highly potent. Strikingly, resistance to most of these combinations emerged rapidly when explored in long-term assays. However, 4 combinations were identified that selectively eradicated the cancer cells and did not allow for development of resistance: ruxolitinib combined with the mouse double-minute 2 homolog (MDM2) inhibitor idasanutlin in STAT3-mutant, TP53 wild-type cell lines; ruxolitinib combined with the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib in TP53-mutant cell lines; and ruxolitinib combined with either the glucocorticoid dexamethasone or the myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) inhibitor S63845 but both without a clear link to underlying genetic features. In conclusion, using a new drug sensitivity screening approach, we identified drug combinations that selectively target mature NK-cell neoplasms and do not allow for development of resistance, some of which can be applied in a genetically stratified manner.
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17
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Untwining Anti-Tumor and Immunosuppressive Effects of JAK Inhibitors-A Strategy for Hematological Malignancies? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112611. [PMID: 34073410 PMCID: PMC8197909 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway is aberrantly activated in many malignancies. Inhibition of this pathway via JAK inhibitors (JAKinibs) is therefore an attractive therapeutic strategy underlined by Ruxolitinib (JAK1/2 inhibitor) being approved for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms. As a consequence of the crucial role of the JAK-STAT pathway in the regulation of immune responses, inhibition of JAKs suppresses the immune system. This review article provides a thorough overview of the current knowledge on JAKinibs’ effects on immune cells in the context of hematological malignancies. We also discuss the potential use of JAKinibs for the treatment of diseases in which lymphocytes are the source of the malignancy. Abstract The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway propagates signals from a variety of cytokines, contributing to cellular responses in health and disease. Gain of function mutations in JAKs or STATs are associated with malignancies, with JAK2V617F being the main driver mutation in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Therefore, inhibition of this pathway is an attractive therapeutic strategy for different types of cancer. Numerous JAK inhibitors (JAKinibs) have entered clinical trials, including the JAK1/2 inhibitor Ruxolitinib approved for the treatment of MPN. Importantly, loss of function mutations in JAK-STAT members are a cause of immune suppression or deficiencies. MPN patients undergoing Ruxolitinib treatment are more susceptible to infections and secondary malignancies. This highlights the suppressive effects of JAKinibs on immune responses, which renders them successful in the treatment of autoimmune diseases but potentially detrimental for cancer patients. Here, we review the current knowledge on the effects of JAKinibs on immune cells in the context of hematological malignancies. Furthermore, we discuss the potential use of JAKinibs for the treatment of diseases in which lymphocytes are the source of malignancies. In summary, this review underlines the necessity of a robust immune profiling to provide the best benefit for JAKinib-treated patients.
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18
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A novel silicone derivative of natural osalmid (DCZ0858) induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:31. [PMID: 32296013 PMCID: PMC7118088 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a highly heterogeneous malignant tumor characterized by diffuse growth. DCZ0858 is a novel small molecule with excellent antitumor effects in DLBCL. This study explored in depth the inhibitory effect of DCZ0858 on DLBCL cell lines. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and plate colony formation assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation levels. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze apoptosis and the cell cycle, and western blotting was used to quantify the expression of cell cycle regulators. The results indicated that DCZ0858 inhibited cell growth in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner while inducing no significant toxicity in normal cells. Moreover, DCZ0858 initiated cell apoptosis via both internal and external apoptotic pathways. DCZ0858 also induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, thereby controlling cell proliferation. Further investigation of the molecular mechanism showed that the JAK2/STAT3 pathway was involved in the DCZ0858-mediated antitumor effects and that JAK2 was the key target for DCZ0858 treatment. Knockdown of JAK2 partly weakened the DCZ0858-mediated antitumor effect in DLBCL cells, while JAK2 overexpression strengthened the effect of DCZ0858 in DLBCL cells. Moreover, a similar antitumor effect was observed for DCZ0858 and the JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib, and combining the two could significantly enhance cancer-suppressive signaling. Tumor xenograft models showed that DCZ0858 inhibited tumor growth in vivo and had low toxicity in important organs, findings that were consistent with the in vitro data. In summary, DCZ0858 is a promising drug for the treatment of DLBCL.
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19
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Parri E, Kuusanmäki H, van Adrichem AJ, Kaustio M, Wennerberg K. Identification of novel regulators of STAT3 activity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230819. [PMID: 32231398 PMCID: PMC7108870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT3 mediates signalling downstream of cytokine and growth factor receptors where it acts as a transcription factor for its target genes, including oncogenes and cell survival regulating genes. STAT3 has been found to be persistently activated in many types of cancers, primarily through its tyrosine phosphorylation (Y705). Here, we show that constitutive STAT3 activation protects cells from cytotoxic drug responses of several drug classes. To find novel and potentially targetable STAT3 regulators we performed a kinase and phosphatase siRNA screen with cells expressing either a hyperactive STAT3 mutant or IL6-induced wild type STAT3. The screen identified cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase (CDC7), casein kinase 2, alpha 1 (CSNK2), discoidin domain-containing receptor 2 (DDR2), cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8), phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase 2-alpha (PI4KII), C-terminal Src kinase (CSK) and receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase H (PTPRH) as potential STAT3 regulators. Using small molecule inhibitors targeting these proteins, we confirmed dose and time dependent inhibition of STAT3-mediated transcription, suggesting that inhibition of these kinases may provide strategies for dampening STAT3 activity in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Parri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Kuusanmäki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Meri Kaustio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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20
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Rumi E, Baratè C, Benevolo G, Maffioli M, Ricco A, Sant'Antonio E. Myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders: State of the art. Hematol Oncol 2019; 38:121-128. [PMID: 31833567 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), are clonal disorders complicated mainly by vascular events and transformation to myelofibrosis (for PV and ET) or leukemia. Although secondary malignancies, in particular, lymphoproliferative disorders (LPNs), are rare, they occur at a higher frequency than found in the general population, and there has been recent scientific discussion regarding a hypothetical relationship between treatment with JAK inhibitors in MPN and the risk of development of LPN. This has prompted increased interest regarding the coexistence of MPN and LPN. This review focuses on the role of JAK2 and the JAK/STAT pathway in MPN and LPN, whether there is a role for the genetic background in the occurrence of both MPN and LPN and whether there is a role for cytoreductive drugs in the occurrence of both MPN and LPN. Furthermore, whether an increased risk of lymphoma development is limited to patients who receive the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib, is a more general phenomenon that occurs following JAK1/2 inhibition or is associated with preferential JAK1 or JAK2 targeting is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rumi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Baratè
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Benevolo
- Hematology, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Ricco
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O), Hematology Section, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Sant'Antonio
- UOC Ematologia Aziendale, Azienda Usl Toscana Nord Ovest, Pisa, Italy.,Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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21
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Al-Kawaaz M, Sanchez T, Kluk MJ. Evaluation of S1PR1, pSTAT3, S1PR2, FOXP1 Expression in Aggressive, Mature B Cell Lymphomas. J Hematop 2019; 12:57-65. [PMID: 31404445 DOI: 10.1007/s12308-019-00354-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aggressive, mature B-cell lymphomas include Burkitt Lymphoma (BL), High Grade B Cell Lymphomas (HGBL) (eg, Double-Hit B cell lymphomas (HGBL-DH: HGBL with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 translocations)), HGBL, Not Otherwise Specified (HGBL, NOS) and Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). Overlapping morphologic and immunohistochemical features of these lymphomas pose diagnostic challenges in some cases, and better understanding of potential diagnostic biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets is needed. Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Receptors (S1PR1-5) are G-protein coupled receptors that bind S1P and influence migration and survival in multiple cell types, including lymphocytes. S1PRs are emerging as biomarkers in B cell biology and interaction between S1PR pathways and STAT3 or FOXP1 has been reported in DLBCL. Aim and Methods Our aim was to extend the understanding of S1PR1, STAT3 and S1PR2, FOXP1 expression beyond DLBCL, into additional aggressive, mature B cell lymphomas using immunohistochemical expression analysis of human tissue samples. Results S1PR1 and S1PR2 showed different expression patterns in mantle zones and follicle centers in reactive lymphoid tissue. BL showed a unique expression pattern compared to HGBL and DLBCL. Additionally, S1PR1 and S1PR2 expression were typically mutually exclusive and were expressed in a low proportion of cases (frequently HGBL involving extranodal sites). FOXP1 was expressed in a high proportion of various case types and pSTAT3 was detected in a significant proportion of HGBL and DLBCL. Conclusions These findings provide further evidence that S1PR1, pSTAT3, S1PR2 and FOXP1 play a role in a subset of aggressive, mature B cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Al-Kawaaz
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine New York, NY, USA
| | - Teresa Sanchez
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medicine, Dept. of Neuroscience, Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Kluk
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine New York, NY, USA
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22
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Lohse I, Azzam DJ, Al-Ali H, Volmar CH, Brothers SP, Ince TA, Wahlestedt C. Ovarian Cancer Treatment Stratification Using Ex Vivo Drug Sensitivity Testing. Anticancer Res 2019; 39:4023-4030. [PMID: 31366484 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment options for patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer are generally palliative in nature and rarely have realistic potential to be curative. Because many patients with recurrent ovarian cancer receive aggressive chemotherapy for prolonged periods, sometimes continuously, therapy-related toxicities are a major factor in treatment decisions. The use of ex vivo drug sensitivity screens has the potential to improve the treatment of patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer by providing personalized treatment plans and thus reducing toxicity from unproductive therapy attempts. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the treatment responses of a set of six early-passage patient-derived ovarian cancer cell lines towards a set of 30 Food and Drug Administration-approved chemotherapy drugs using drug-sensitivity testing. RESULTS We observed a wide range of treatment responses of the cell lines. While most compounds displayed vastly different treatment responses between cell lines, we found that some compounds such as docetaxel and cephalomannine reduced cell survival of all cell lines. CONCLUSION We propose that ex vivo drug-sensitivity screening holds the potential to greatly improve patient outcomes, especially in a population where multiple continuous treatments are not an option due to advanced disease, rapid disease progression, age or poor overall health. This approach may also be useful to identify potential novel therapeutics for patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Lohse
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Molecular Therapeutics Shared Resource, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Diana J Azzam
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Molecular Therapeutics Shared Resource, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Hassan Al-Ali
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Peggy and Harold Katz Drug Discovery Center, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Claude-Henry Volmar
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Molecular Therapeutics Shared Resource, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Shaun P Brothers
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Molecular Therapeutics Shared Resource, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Tan A Ince
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Department of Pathology and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A
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23
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Engineered Bcor mutations lead to acute leukemia of progenitor B-1 lymphocyte origin in a sensitized background. Blood 2019; 133:2610-2614. [PMID: 30992267 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2018864173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10% of NUP98-PHF23 (NP23) mice develop an aggressive acute lymphoblastic leukemia of B-1 lymphocyte progenitor origin (pro-B1 ALL), accompanied by somatic frameshift mutations of the BCL6 interacting corepressor (Bcor) gene, most commonly within a 9-bp "hotspot" in Bcor exon 8. To determine whether experimentally engineered Bcor mutations would lead to pro-B1 ALL, we used clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 to introduce a Bcor frameshift mutation into NP23 hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells through the use of Bcor small guide RNAs (Bcor sgRNAs). Recipient mice transplanted with NP23 bone marrow or fetal liver cells that had been transduced with a Bcor sgRNA developed pro-B1 ALL, characterized by a B-1 progenitor immunophenotype, clonal Igh gene rearrangement, and Bcor indel mutation, whereas control recipients did not. Similar to a subset of human B-cell precursor ALL, the murine pro-B1 ALL had acquired somatic mutations in Jak kinase genes. JAK inhibitors (ruxolitinib and tofacitinib) inhibited the growth of pro-B1 ALL cell lines established from Bcor sgRNA/NP23 recipients at clinically achievable concentrations (100 nM). Our results demonstrate that Bcor mutations collaborate with NP23 to induce pro-B1 ALL, and that JAK inhibitors are potential therapies for pro-B1 ALL.
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24
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Hee YT, Yan J, Nizetic D, Chng WJ. LEE011 and ruxolitinib: a synergistic drug combination for natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL). Oncotarget 2018; 9:31832-31841. [PMID: 30159126 PMCID: PMC6112754 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma that has been facing limited success with conventional treatments, urging for the discovery of alternative strategies. Recent studies including ours have revealed that EZH2 and JAK-STAT signalling pathways are key contributors to NKTCL pathogenesis. In particular, we found that EZH2 is overexpressed and directly transcriptionally activates the CCND1 gene to confer growth advantage. CCND1 codes for cyclin D1, which complexes with CDK4/6 to promote G1 to S phase transition. Therefore in this study we investigated whether inhibiting both JAK1/2 and CDK4/6, using LEE011 and ruxolitinib respectively is effective in NKTL. We first demonstrate that separate LEE011 and ruxolitinib treatment is sufficient to cause growth inhibition of NKTCL cells. More importantly, we found that there is synergistic growth inhibitory effects on NKTCL cells with combination treatment of LEE011 and ruxolitinib. The results obtained shows that the targeting of both CDK4/6 and JAK1/2 are promising to develop better treatment alternatives for NKTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ting Hee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Junli Yan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dean Nizetic
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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25
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Alves ITS, Condinho M, Custódio S, Pereira BF, Fernandes R, Gonçalves V, da Costa PJ, Lacerda R, Marques AR, Martins-Dias P, Nogueira GR, Neves AR, Pinho P, Rodrigues R, Rolo E, Silva J, Travessa A, Leite RP, Sousa A, Romão L. Genetics of personalized medicine: cancer and rare diseases. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:335-341. [PMID: 29633150 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The 21st annual meeting of the Portuguese Society of Human Genetics (SPGH), organized by Luísa Romão, Ana Sousa and Rosário Pinto Leite, was held in Caparica, Portugal, from the 16th to the 18th of November 2017. Having entered an era in which personalized medicine is emerging as a paradigm for disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention, the program of this meeting intended to include lectures by leading national and international scientists presenting exceptional findings on the genetics of personalized medicine. Various topics were discussed, including cancer genetics, transcriptome dynamics and novel therapeutics for cancers and rare disorders that are designed to specifically target molecular alterations in individual patients. Several panel discussions were held to emphasize (ethical) issues associated with personalized medicine, including genetic cancer counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Teles Siefers Alves
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Springer Science + Business Media B.V, Van Godewijckstraat 30, 3311, GX, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Manuel Condinho
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sónia Custódio
- Medical Genetics Service, Pediatric Department, Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruna F Pereira
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rafael Fernandes
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vânia Gonçalves
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo J da Costa
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Lacerda
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Marques
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Martins-Dias
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo R Nogueira
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Neves
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pinho
- Genetics Laboratory, Hospital Center of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Raquel Rodrigues
- Medical Genetics Service, Pediatric Department, Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eva Rolo
- Medical Genetics Service, Pediatric Department, Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André Travessa
- Medical Genetics Service, Pediatric Department, Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rosário Pinto Leite
- Genetics Laboratory, Hospital Center of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Sousa
- Medical Genetics Service, Pediatric Department, Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Romão
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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