1
|
Fan M, Arai M, Tawada A, Chiba T, Fukushima R, Uzawa K, Shiiba M, Kato N, Tanzawa H, Takiguchi Y. Contrasting functions of the epithelial‑stromal interaction 1 gene, in human oral and lung squamous cell cancers. Oncol Rep 2021; 47:5. [PMID: 34738627 PMCID: PMC8600417 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial‑stromal interaction 1 gene (EPSTI1) is known to play multiple roles in the malignant progression of breast cancer and also in some aspects of the immune responses to the tumor. However, the relevance of the gene in the onset/progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is not yet known. The present study was aimed at revealing the roles of EPSTI1 in conferring malignant characteristics to OSCC and LSCC, and the underlying mechanisms. Quantitative real‑time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analyses demonstrated significant upregulation of EPSTI1 in all four OSCC cell lines (HSC2, HSC3, HSC3‑M3 and HSC4), and significant downregulation of EPST11 in all three LSCC cell lines (LK‑2, EBC‑1 and H226) used in the present study, as compared to the expression levels in the corresponding control cell lines. Both knockdown of EPST11 in OSCC and overexpression of the gene in LSCC suppressed cell proliferation, and induced cell‑cycle arrest in the G1 phase, with upregulation of p21 and downregulation of CDK2 and cyclin D1. Furthermore, these alterations of EPST11 gene expression in the OSCC and LSCC cell lines suppressed the cell migration ability and reversed the EMT phenotype of the tumor cells. Collectively, while EPSTI1 appears to have oncogenic roles in OSCC, it appears to exert tumor‑suppressive roles in LSCC. PCR array analyses revealed some genes whose expression levels were altered along with the modified EPSTI1 expression in both the OSCC and LSCC cell lines. These findings suggest that EPSTI1 may be a therapeutic target for both OSCC and LSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Makoto Arai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Akinobu Tawada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Reo Fukushima
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiiba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Naoya Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takiguchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260‑8670, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Loap P, Vitolo V, Barcellini A, De Marzi L, Mirandola A, Fiore MR, Vischioni B, Jereczek-Fossa BA, Girard N, Kirova Y, Orlandi E. Hadrontherapy for Thymic Epithelial Tumors: Implementation in Clinical Practice. Front Oncol 2021; 11:738320. [PMID: 34707989 PMCID: PMC8543015 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.738320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is part of recommendations in the adjuvant settings for advanced stage or as exclusive treatment in unresectable thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). However, first-generation techniques delivered substantial radiation doses to critical organs at risk (OARs), such as the heart or the lungs, resulting in noticeable radiation-induced toxicity. Treatment techniques have significantly evolved for TET irradiation, and modern techniques efficiently spare normal surrounding tissues without negative impact on tumor coverage and consequently local control or patient survival. Considering its dosimetric advantages, hadrontherapy (which includes proton therapy and carbon ion therapy) has proved to be worthwhile for TET irradiation in particular for challenging clinical situations such as cardiac tumoral involvement. However, clinical experience for hadrontherapy is still limited and mainly relies on small-size proton therapy studies. This critical review aims to analyze the current status of hadrontherapy for TET irradiation to implement it at a larger scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Loap
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Radiation Oncology Clinical Department, National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Pavia, Italy
| | - Viviana Vitolo
- Radiation Oncology Clinical Department, National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Pavia, Italy
| | - Amelia Barcellini
- Radiation Oncology Clinical Department, National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Pavia, Italy
| | - Ludovic De Marzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres (PSL) Research University, University Paris Saclay, laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM LITO), Orsay, France
| | - Alfredo Mirandola
- Radiation Oncology Clinical Department, National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Fiore
- Radiation Oncology Clinical Department, National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Vischioni
- Radiation Oncology Clinical Department, National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Division of Radiotherapy, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO) European Institute of Oncology Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolas Girard
- Institut du Thorax Curie Montsouris, Paris, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,University Paris Saint-Quentin, Versailles, France
| | - Youlia Kirova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Ester Orlandi
- Radiation Oncology Clinical Department, National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rajan A, Zhao C. Deciphering the biology of thymic epithelial tumors. MEDIASTINUM (HONG KONG, CHINA) 2019; 3:36. [PMID: 31608319 PMCID: PMC6788633 DOI: 10.21037/med.2019.08.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thymic cancers arise from epithelial cells of the thymus and have a predilection for intrathoracic spread. Clinical behavior varies from relatively indolent to highly aggressive with a capacity to metastasize widely and adversely affect survival. Paraneoplastic autoimmune disorders are frequently observed in association with thymoma and have a significant impact on quality of life. Underlying immune deficits associated with thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) increase the risk for development of opportunistic infections and emergence of extrathymic malignancies. Advances in the molecular characterization of thymic tumors have revealed the lowest tumor mutation burden among all adult cancers and the occurrence of distinct molecular subtypes of these diseases. Mutations in general transcription factor IIi (GTF2I) are unique to TETs and are rarely observed in other malignancies. The infrequency of actionable mutations has created obstacles for the development of biologic therapies and has spurred research to uncover druggable genomic targets. Persistence of autoreactive T cells due to altered thymic function increases the risk for development of severe immune-related toxicity and limits opportunities for use of immune-based therapies, especially in patients with thymoma. In this paper we review emerging data on the molecular characterization and immunobiology of thymic tumors and highlight clinical implications of these discoveries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Rajan
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chen Zhao
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|