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Hameed J S F, Devarajan A, M S DP, Bhattacharyya A, Shirude MB, Dutta D, Karmakar P, Mukherjee A. PTEN-negative endometrial cancer cells protect their genome through enhanced DDB2 expression associated with augmented nucleotide excision repair. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:399. [PMID: 37142958 PMCID: PMC10157935 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10892-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer (EC) arises from uterine endometrium tissue and is the most prevalent cancer of the female reproductive tract in developed countries. It has been predicted that the global prevalence of EC will increase in part because of its positive association with economic growth and lifestyle. The majority of EC presented with endometrioid histology and mutations in the tumor suppressor gene PTEN, resulting in its loss of function. PTEN negatively regulates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis of cell proliferation and thus serves as a tumorigenesis gatekeeper. Through its chromatin functions, PTEN is also implicated in genome maintenance procedures. However, our comprehension of how DNA repair occurs in the absence of PTEN function in EC is inadequate. METHODS We utilized The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data analysis to establish a correlation between PTEN and DNA damage response genes in EC, followed by a series of cellular and biochemical assays to elucidate a molecular mechanism utilizing the AN3CA cell line model for EC. RESULTS The TCGA analyses demonstrated an inverse correlation between the expression of the damage sensor protein of nucleotide excision repair (NER), DDB2, and PTEN in EC. The transcriptional activation of DDB2 is mediated by the recruitment of active RNA polymerase II to the DDB2 promoter in the PTEN-null EC cells, revealing a correlation between increased DDB2 expression and augmented NER activity in the absence of PTEN. CONCLUSION Our study indicated a causal relationship between NER and EC that may be exploited in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima Hameed J S
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Cancer Research Program, Thycaud, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Anjali Devarajan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Cancer Research Program, Thycaud, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Devu Priya M S
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Cancer Research Program, Thycaud, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Ahel Bhattacharyya
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Cancer Research Program, Thycaud, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Mayur Balkrishna Shirude
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Regenerative Biology Program, Thycaud, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Debasree Dutta
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Regenerative Biology Program, Thycaud, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 032, India
| | - Ananda Mukherjee
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Cancer Research Program, Thycaud, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India.
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Abbas A, Padmanabhan R, Eng C. Metabolic stress regulates genome-wide transcription in a PTEN-dependent manner. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:2736-2745. [PMID: 32744308 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN is implicated in a wide variety of pathophysiological conditions and traditionally studied in the context of the PIK3-AKT-mTOR axis. Recent studies from our group and others have reported a novel role of PTEN in the regulation of transcription at the genome-wide scale. This emerging role of PTEN on global transcriptional regulation is providing a better understanding of various diseases, including cancer. Because cancer progression is an energy-demanding process and PTEN is known to regulate metabolic processes, we sought to understand the role of PTEN in transcriptional regulation under metabolic stress, a condition often developing in the tumor microenvironment. In the present study, we demonstrate that PTEN modulates genome-wide RNA Polymerase II occupancy in cells undergoing glucose deprivation. The glucose-deprived PTEN null cells were found to continue global gene transcription, which may activate a survival mode. However, cells with constitutive PTEN expression slow transcription, an evolutionary mechanism that may save cellular energy and activate programmed cell death pathways, in the absence of glucose. Interestingly, alternative exon usage by PTEN null cells is increased under metabolic stress in contrast to PTEN-expressing cells. Overall, our study demonstrates distinct mechanisms involved in PTEN-dependent genome-wide transcriptional control under metabolic stress. Our findings provide a new insight in understanding tumor pathology and how PTEN loss of function, whether by genetic or non-genetic mechanisms, can contribute to a favorable transcriptional program employed by tumor cells to escape apoptosis, hence developing more aggressive and metastatic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Abbas
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Developmental Therapeutics Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44116, USA
| | - Roshan Padmanabhan
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences.,Germline High Risk Focus Group, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44116, USA
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Abstract
In over two decades since the discovery of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), nearly 18,000 publications have attempted to elucidate its functions and roles in normal physiology and disease. The frequent disruption of PTEN in cancer cells was a strong indication that it had critical roles in tumour suppression. Germline PTEN mutations have been identified in patients with heterogeneous tumour syndromic diseases, known as PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome (PHTS), and in some individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Today we know that by limiting oncogenic signalling through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, PTEN governs a number of processes including survival, proliferation, energy metabolism, and cellular architecture. Some of the most exciting recent advances in the understanding of PTEN biology and signalling have revisited its unappreciated roles as a protein phosphatase, identified non-enzymatic scaffold functions, and unravelled its nuclear function. These discoveries are certain to provide a new perspective on its full tumour suppressor potential, and knowledge from this work will lead to new anti-cancer strategies that exploit PTEN biology. In this review, we will highlight some outstanding questions and some of the very latest advances in the understanding of the tumour suppressor PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tak-Sum Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leonardo Salmena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Strand KA, Lu S, Mutryn MF, Li L, Zhou Q, Enyart BT, Jolly AJ, Dubner AM, Moulton KS, Nemenoff RA, Koch KA, LaBarbera DV, Weiser-Evans MCM. High Throughput Screen Identifies the DNMT1 (DNA Methyltransferase-1) Inhibitor, 5-Azacytidine, as a Potent Inducer of PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog): Central Role for PTEN in 5-Azacytidine Protection Against Pathological Vascular Remodeling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1854-1869. [PMID: 32580634 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our recent work demonstrates that PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) is an important regulator of smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype. SMC-specific PTEN deletion promotes spontaneous vascular remodeling and PTEN loss correlates with increased atherosclerotic lesion severity in human coronary arteries. In mice, PTEN overexpression reduces plaque area and preserves SMC contractile protein expression in atherosclerosis and blunts Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced pathological vascular remodeling, suggesting that pharmacological PTEN upregulation could be a novel therapeutic approach to treat vascular disease. Approach and Results: To identify novel PTEN activators, we conducted a high-throughput screen using a fluorescence based PTEN promoter-reporter assay. After screening ≈3400 compounds, 11 hit compounds were chosen based on level of activity and mechanism of action. Following in vitro confirmation, we focused on 5-azacytidine, a DNMT1 (DNA methyltransferase-1) inhibitor, for further analysis. In addition to PTEN upregulation, 5-azacytidine treatment increased expression of genes associated with a differentiated SMC phenotype. 5-Azacytidine treatment also maintained contractile gene expression and reduced inflammatory cytokine expression after PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) stimulation, suggesting 5-azacytidine blocks PDGF-induced SMC de-differentiation. However, these protective effects were lost in PTEN-deficient SMCs. These findings were confirmed in vivo using carotid ligation in SMC-specific PTEN knockout mice treated with 5-azacytidine. In wild type controls, 5-azacytidine reduced neointimal formation and inflammation while maintaining contractile protein expression. In contrast, 5-azacytidine was ineffective in PTEN knockout mice, indicating that the protective effects of 5-azacytidine are mediated through SMC PTEN upregulation. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicates 5-azacytidine upregulates PTEN expression in SMCs, promoting maintenance of SMC differentiation and reducing pathological vascular remodeling in a PTEN-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Strand
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (K.A.S., S.L., M.F.M., A.J.J., A.M.D., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Sizhao Lu
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (K.A.S., S.L., M.F.M., A.J.J., A.M.D., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Marie F Mutryn
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (K.A.S., S.L., M.F.M., A.J.J., A.M.D., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Linfeng Li
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (L.L., Q.Z., D.V.L.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Qiong Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (L.L., Q.Z., D.V.L.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Blake T Enyart
- School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation (B.T.E., K.S.M., R.A.N., K.A.K., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.T.E., K.S.M., K.A.K.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Austin J Jolly
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (K.A.S., S.L., M.F.M., A.J.J., A.M.D., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Allison M Dubner
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (K.A.S., S.L., M.F.M., A.J.J., A.M.D., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Karen S Moulton
- School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation (B.T.E., K.S.M., R.A.N., K.A.K., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.T.E., K.S.M., K.A.K.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Raphael A Nemenoff
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (K.A.S., S.L., M.F.M., A.J.J., A.M.D., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation (B.T.E., K.S.M., R.A.N., K.A.K., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Keith A Koch
- School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation (B.T.E., K.S.M., R.A.N., K.A.K., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.T.E., K.S.M., K.A.K.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Daniel V LaBarbera
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (L.L., Q.Z., D.V.L.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Mary C M Weiser-Evans
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine (K.A.S., S.L., M.F.M., A.J.J., A.M.D., R.A.N., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation (B.T.E., K.S.M., R.A.N., K.A.K., M.C.M.W.-E.), University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
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