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Ala M, Mohammad Jafari R, Nematian H, Ganjedanesh MR, Naderi A, Akbariani M, Sanatkar M, Satarian L, Aghsaei Fard M, Dehpour AR. Neuroprotective Effect of Intravitreal Single-Dose Lithium Chloride after Optic Nerve Injury in Rats. Curr Eye Res 2020; 46:558-567. [PMID: 32885675 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1808999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lithium is an old drug to control bipolar disorder. Moreover, it presents neuroprotective effects and supports neuronal plasticity. The aim of this study was to evaluate neuroprotective effect of intravitreal lithium after optic nerve injury. METHODS Three dosages of lithium chloride, including 2 pmol, 200 pmol, and 2 nmol, were injected intravitreally after rat optic nerve injury. Proteins expression were assessed by western blot. Nitric oxide (NO) metabolites were measured by Griess test. Visual evoked potential (VEP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurement were performed after trauma induction, in addition to H & E and TUJ1 staining of ganglion cells. RESULTS Western blot depicted lithium can significantly increase antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein level and reduce p-ERK, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and proapoptotic proteins such as Bax level in retinal tissue and Griess test reflected that NO metabolites level decreased in lithium treated eyes (P < .05). While, OCT showed no significant changes (P = .36 and P = .43 comparing treated group with trauma) in retinal ganglion cell layer thickness after lithium injection, VEP P2 wave amplitude increased significantly (P < .01) in lithium-treated eyes and its latency reduced (P < .05 for N1 wave and P < .01 for P2 wave). Tuj1 antibody-labeled retinal ganglion cells analyzing showed that the number of retinal ganglion cells were significantly higher in lithium treated eyes compared to untreated eyes with optic nerve injury. CONCLUSION It seems intravitreally lithium has optic nerve neuroprotective effects by various mechanisms like overexpression of antiapoptotic proteins, suppressing proinflammatory molecules and proapoptotic factors, and decreasing nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Nematian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjedanesh
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asieh Naderi
- Farabi Eye Hospital BB, Eye Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Akbariani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sanatkar
- Farabi Eye Hospital BB, Eye Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Satarian
- Eye Group, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Aghsaei Fard
- Farabi Eye Hospital BB, Eye Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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