[N-aсetyltransferase (NAT2) gene polymorphism and gene network analysis]

To search for new targets of therapy, it is necessary to reconstruct the gene network of the disease, and identify the interaction of genes, proteins, and drug compounds. Using the online bioinformatics tools we have analyzed the current data set related to the metabolism of xenobiotics, mediated by the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) gene. The study of allelic polymorphism of the NAT2 gene has a prognostic value, allowing to determine the risk of a number of oncological diseases, the degree of increased risk due to smoking and exposure to chemical carcinogens, including drugs. The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies of two important "slow" variants of the NAT2 gene (NAT2*5, rs1801280 and NAT2*7, rs1799931), which significantly affected the rate of xenobiotic acetylation among the indigenous Nenets population of Northern Siberia. The obtained frequencies of polymorphic variants among the Nenets occupy an intermediate value between those for Europeans and Asians, which might indicate specific features of adaptation. We present a model of the distribution of two polymorphic variants of the NAT2 gene involved in the biotransformation of xenobiotics to study the characteristics of their metabolism in the indigenous inhabitants of Yamal.

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MIRNA BINDING SITES IN MRNA OF ZFHX3 GENE AND ITS ORTHOLOGS

Transcription factor gene ZFHX3 is one of the candidate genes involved in stroke development. The ZFHX3 protein contains oligopeptides encoded by trinucleotide repeats (TNRs). TNR variability is considered to be one of the causes of the disease, but their biological function has not yet been established. We assume that TNRs are the binding sites of miRNA to mRNA and are involved in regulation of ZFHX3 gene expression. The characteristics of miRNA–mRNA interaction were determined using MirTarget software. It has been shown that the first TNR in mRNA of the human ZFHX3 gene consists of the seven consecutive miR-12-32603-3p binding encoding polyGlu. The ZFHX3 protein of human polyGlu contains 30 Glu. In the orthologous proteins of 36 animal species the length of polyGlu varied from 27 Glu to 33 Glu. Negatively charged polyGlu of the ZFHX3 transcription factor probably interacted with positive DNA-binding proteins. The following mRNA region of the ZFHX3 gene contained the binding sites for miR-17-39416-3p, miR-5-15733-3p, miR-9-20317-3 encoding polyAla by 15 Ala lengths. In the 33 ZFHX3 orthologous proteins polyAla had the same length. The mRNA region of the human ZFHX3 gene with binding polysite of miR-1322-3p encoded polyGln consisting of 19 Gln. In the 41 orthologs of the ZFHX3 protein the length of polyGln varied from seven Gln to 23 Gln. The binding sites of miR-2-6184-3p, miR-5-14114-5p and miR-19-43437-5p were located with overlapping nucleotides sequences, and encode polyPro. In ZFHX3 human polyPro consisted of 12 Pro. In the orthologs, polyPro contained from 10 Pro to 14 Pro. The binding sites of miR-17-39416-3p, miR-9-20317-3p, miR-1-1819-3p, miR-5-15733-3p, miR-6-17815-3p, miR-18-39953-5p, miR-26862-5p, miR-1260b and miR-X-48174-3p in human ZFHX3 encoded polyGly by 22 Gly length. In the 28 orthologs of ZFHX3 the length of polyGly decreased to 11 Gly. The TNR regions could simultaneously bind several miRNAs, which increased the dependence of gene expression on miRNA. The oligopeptides encoded by the binding polysites of miRNA in mRNA in the orthologous ZFHX3 proteins were flanked by conserved oligopeptides.

[Role of and genes polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of stroke of the Erzya population in the Republic of Mordovia]

AIM

To determine the frequency of GPIIIa and eNOS genes polymorphisms in patients with ischemic stroke in the Erzya population in the Republic of Mordovia.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

An open, prospective, randomized study included 4 groups: 1) Erzya with ischemic stroke (main group, n=65), 2) Russians with ischemic stroke (comparison group, n=60), 3) Erzya healthy volunteers (control-1, n=63), 4) Russian healthy volunteers (control-2, n=61). T1565C polymorphism of GPIIIa gene (rs5918) and G894T polymorphism of eNOS gene (rs1799983) were determined by real-time PCR.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

In the population of healthy Erzya, the accumulation of mutant alleles of the GPIIIa gene was observed with less frequency than in healthy Russians, however, in the absence of differences in the frequency of homozygous carriage of both mutant and normal alleles, in the Erzya, the accumulation of the mutant allele in heterozygous genotypes prevailed. In patients with stroke, the probability of detecting the allele C of the GPIIIa gene in the Erzya was significantly higher than in the Russians, as was the likelihood of heterozygous carriage of the C/T genotype. No differences between eNOS allele frequencies were found between the groups of healthy Erzya and Russian volunteers. The higher frequency of the mutant allele T was found in Russian patients with stroke while the heterozygous carriage of the G/T genotype, which had an unfavorable prognostic value, predominated in the Erzya.