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Levinger P, Dreher BL, Dow B, Batchelor F, Hill KD. Older people's views and usage of recreational spaces in parks with age-friendly outdoor exercise equipment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38628030 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2342021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Recreational spaces are important public spaces for people of all ages to engage in leisure and physical activities, however older people remain one of the lowest users of park. This study investigated older people's perceptions and reasons for visiting parks that have undergone refurbishment with the installation of age-friendly outdoor exercise equipment, the Seniors Exercise Park. On-site intercept surveys took place in six parks in Victoria, Australia. Seniors Exercise Park equipment usage was audited over 12 months using on-site Quick Response (QR). A total of 139 older people were surveyed, 55.4% reported visiting to exercise, 25.9% for walking and 21.5% for fresh air/nature. Proximity to home/family (37.4%) and the availability of the Seniors Exercise Park equipment (36.7%) were the main reasons for visiting these parks. The availability of age-suitable exercise equipment in recreational spaces can support and encourage older people to access local parks and engage in physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pazit Levinger
- Clinical Gerontology, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bronwyn L Dreher
- Clinical Gerontology, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Briony Dow
- Clinical Gerontology, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Frances Batchelor
- Clinical Gerontology, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Keith D Hill
- Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Levinger P, Fearn M, Dreher B, Bauman A, Brusco NK, Gilbert A, Soh SE, Burton E, James L, Hill KD. The ENJOY Seniors Exercise Park IMP-ACT project: IMProving older people's health through physical ACTivity: a hybrid II implementation design study protocol. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:43. [PMID: 38532524 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The health benefits of physical activity are well established; however, most older people are not sufficiently physically active. Despite the availability of various physical activity interventions and programs, implementation of effective prevention strategies to reduce older people's physical inactivity are lacking. The ENJOY IMP-ACT project is an implementation research project, based on a previous evidence-based physical and social activity program utilising specialised outdoor exercise equipment (the Seniors Exercise Park) for older people. The ENJOY IMP-ACT aims to increase participation in physical activity to improve health outcomes for older people in Victoria, Australia. METHOD The ENJOY IMP-ACT is a hybrid II implementation-effectiveness pre-post mixed method study design. Five local governments (6 public sites/parks) will undergo a 3-month control period followed by 9-months implementation intervention (TERM framework intervention: Training, Engagement, Resources development, Marketing and promotion), and a maintenance phase (3 months). Various methodologies will be employed throughout the project at each site and will include direct observations of park users, intercept surveys with park users, online access monitor platform (using an online app), interviews with stakeholders and exercise program leaders, a process evaluation of physical activity programs, a social return-on-investment analysis, and other related activities. DISCUSSION Through the implementation framework design, the ENJOY IMP-ACT is uniquely placed to translate an evidenced-based physical and social activity program into real world settings and increase physical activity among older people. If successful, this program will inform scale up across Australia with the goal of improving the health and wellbeing of older people. TRIAL REGISTRATION This registration trial is prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. Trial number ACTRN12622001256763 . Date registered 20/09/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pazit Levinger
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia.
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Marcia Fearn
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Dreher
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- School of Public Health, and the Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Natasha K Brusco
- Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Gilbert
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Department of Social Inquiry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sze-Ee Soh
- Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elissa Burton
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Lisa James
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Keith D Hill
- Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Marcos-Pardo PJ, Espeso-García A, Abelleira-Lamela T, Machado DRL. Optimizing outdoor fitness equipment training for older adults: Benefits and future directions for healthy aging. Exp Gerontol 2023; 181:112279. [PMID: 37611645 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical activity is vital for the health and disease prevention of older adults. Outdoor fitness equipment has gained popularity for natural exercise spaces among middle-aged and older individuals. This narrative review demonstrates that these programs have the potential to improve cardiovascular health, muscle strength, flexibility, balance, and reduce falls, while also enhancing quality of life, alleviating depression and anxiety, and boosting self-esteem. However, our understanding is hindered by limited rigorous experimental studies. Future directions include implementing standardized measurements, conducting long-term studies, and addressing equipment limitations to enable better adjustment of training intensity and promote correct postures on machines. New, more rigorous research is needed to comprehensively understand the psychophysiological and social effects on health. Additionally, suggested modifications could render the machines more effective and safer. The primary objective is to enhance this type of machinery to encourage its use in outdoor spaces, thus aiding adults and older individuals in achieving overall health and enjoying a healthy aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo
- Department of Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; CERNEP Research Center, SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Espeso-García
- Injury Prevention in Sport Research Group, Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Tomás Abelleira-Lamela
- Injury Prevention in Sport Research Group, Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Dalmo Roberto Lopes Machado
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain; School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto (EEFERP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), University of Sao Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; School of Education and Communication, Algarve University, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Ng YL, Hill KD, Burton E. Experiences of Older Adults With Mild Balance Dysfunction Who Participated in a Supervised Seniors Exercise Park Program Progressing to Independent Practice. J Aging Phys Act 2023; 31:600-610. [PMID: 36638811 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2022-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Older adults with mild balance dysfunction can benefit from early intervention. This research explored the experiences of older adults with mild balance dysfunction participating in an 18-week supervised outdoors Seniors Exercise Park program and 6 weeks of unsupervised independent practice. Factors influencing attendance and independent practice were also explored. Semistructured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 24 participants (mean age = 77.4 years, SD = 5.4) and 22 participants (mean age = 77.5 years, SD = 5.6) after 18 and 24 weeks, respectively. The data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Many participants perceived improvements in health and responded positively to the supervised Seniors Exercise Park program. Factors supporting attendance included building social connections and positive instructor personality. Barriers to training included competing time demands and poor health. These insights suggest that a group-based Seniors Exercise Park supervised program was well accepted and can be an option to improve the health of older adults with mild balance dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoke Leng Ng
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA,Australia
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore,Singapore
| | - Keith D Hill
- Rehabilitation, Ageing, and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC,Australia
| | - Elissa Burton
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA,Australia
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA,Australia
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Levinger P, Goh AMY, Dunn J, Katite J, Paudel R, Onofrio A, Batchelor F, Panisset MG, Hill KD. Exercise interveNtion outdoor proJect in the cOmmunitY - results from the ENJOY program for independence in dementia: a feasibility pilot randomised controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:426. [PMID: 37438710 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Seniors Exercise Park program is an evidence-based outdoor physical and social activity program designed originally for older people with no cognitive impairment. This study aimed to pilot this program for people living with dementia in residential aged care. We examined the feasibility of delivering the program, evaluating its structure, safety, and supervision needs. In addition, physical, social, health and cognitive benefits of participation were examined. Method This was a feasibility pilot randomised controlled design. Adults aged ≥ 60 years with symptoms of dementia and/or diagnoses of dementia were recruited from an aged care facility in Australia. Participants allocated to the intervention underwent a 12-week structured supervised physical activity program using the outdoor Seniors Exercise Park equipment followed by a 12-week maintenance phase, while the controls received usual care programs. Assessments occurred at baseline, 12 and 24-weeks. Feasibility evaluation included recruitment rate, retention, attendance, overall adherence, dropout rate, adverse events, program delivery modifications and supervision requirements. A suite of cognitive and health-related questionnaires and physical function measures were also collected. Results Sixteen participants were recruited (recruitment rate: 58.6%), eight for the intervention (83.3 ± 7.5 years, 87.5% women) and eight for the control (age 87.5 ± 3.0 years, 87.5% women). Eighty-eight percent completed the 12-week structured program, with 75% retention at 24-weeks. Across the 24-week period, 84.3% participation adherence was reported. No falls or adverse events occurred. Modifications of the program mainly related to method of communication, cueing and adjustments to suit individual personality and characteristics. A ratio of one trainer to two participants was practical and safe. There were no significant changes over time between groups in any of the secondary outcomes. High level of engagement, enjoyment and mood was reported throughout the exercise program. Conclusion The Seniors Exercise Park physical activity program was safe and feasible for people living with dementia in residential care, with high levels of enjoyment, positive attitude, and engagement reported in the intervention group. Individualised communication during program delivery was needed to facilitate motivation and participation. Further research is needed to assess the program effectiveness on physical and cognitive function on a larger scale. Trial registration This trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry-Registry Number ACTRN12620000733976 . Registered on the 13/07/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pazit Levinger
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, Victoria, 3050, Australia.
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Anita M Y Goh
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, Victoria, 3050, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeremy Dunn
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Frances Batchelor
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | | | - Keith D Hill
- Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Levinger P, Dunn J, Abfalter E, Dow B, Batchelor F, Garratt S, Diamond NT, Hill KD. The ENJOY MAP for HEALTH: Exercise interveNtion outdoor proJect in the cOmmunitY for older people-More Active People for HEALTHier communities: a study protocol. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1027. [PMID: 35597934 PMCID: PMC9124389 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity is important to maintain health in older age, with physical activity in the outdoors providing mental and physical health benefits for all age groups. One way by which older people can engage in physical activity in the outdoors is through using suitable age-friendly outdoor exercise equipment, the Seniors Exercise Park. The ENJOY MAP for HEALTH aims to evaluate the effect of the Seniors Exercise Park installation and associated capacity building activities on park visitation, park-based physical activity by older people and delivery of community physical activity programs. Method This study is a quasi-experimental (natural experiment) with pre and post study design evaluating the effect of age-friendly outdoor spaces with specialised outdoor exercise equipment on older people’s physical activity and wellbeing in six Victorian municipalities (local governments/councils). Each council will undergo four stages (site construction and development, promotion and marketing, capacity building and training, evaluation and sustainability). Several activities and methods will be employed from stage one through stage four to evaluate the potential impact of the age-friendly outdoor spaces on physical activity and wellbeing and will comprise the following elements: site observation and equipment utilisation, face to face intercept surveys, development of an online access monitor and community building activities. Discussion The project is expected to result in a significant change in the physical outdoor environment for the participating councils and communities whereby older people and other community members will be able to engage in safe physical and social activity programs, socialise more and hence improve the overall wellbeing of older people. Trial registration This trial is retrospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. Trial registration number ACTRN12621000965808. Date registered 23/07/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pazit Levinger
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia. .,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jeremy Dunn
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Emma Abfalter
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Briony Dow
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Australia
| | - Frances Batchelor
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Australia.,Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephanie Garratt
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | | | - Keith D Hill
- Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Levinger P, Dunn J, Panisset MG, Haines T, Dow B, Batchelor F, Biddle S, Duque G, Hill KD. The Effect of the ENJOY Seniors Exercise Park Physical Activity Program on Falls in Older People in the Community: A Prospective Pre-Post Study Design. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:217-221. [PMID: 35297462 PMCID: PMC8727466 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1724-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ENJOY project (Exercise interveNtion outdoor proJect in the cOmmunitY for older people) is a community-based research project actively promoting physical activity engagement through the delivery of an exercise program using outdoor multimodal exercise equipment. This study investigated the impact of the physical activity program on falls in older people. METHOD This study was a multi-site prospective study with a pre-post intervention design and 12-month follow up. Eighty older people with increased falls risk underwent a 12-week supervised outdoors exercise program followed by a 6-month maintenance phase. The proportion of fallers and falls incidence were compared between the preceding and the prospective years. RESULTS A sample of 54 (age 72.4±7.3, 79.6% women) was available for the 12 months analysis (due to COVID19 lockdowns, data of 19 participants were excluded and 4 dropped out). Number of fallers (from 51.8% to 31.4%, p=0.03) and falls incidence (from 42 to 29 falls, p<0.01) were significantly reduced at the 12-months follow up. CONCLUSION The ENJOY Seniors Exercise Park program integrates outdoor multimodal exercise stations including specific exercises designed to challenge dynamic balance during functional daily movements. The outcomes provide preliminary evidence for the potential positive impact of the ENJOY Seniors Exercise Park in reducing falls for older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Levinger
- Professor Pazit Levinger, National Ageing Research Institute, PO Box 2127, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria 3050 Australia, T +61 3 8387 2626 | F +61 3 9387 4030
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Levinger P, Goh AMY, Dunn J, Katite J, Paudel R, Onofrio A, Batchelor F, Panisset MG, Hill KD. Exercise interveNtion outdoor proJect in the cOmmunitY-ENJOY program for independence in dementia: a feasibility pilot randomised controlled trial study protocol. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:66. [PMID: 35317855 PMCID: PMC8938729 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While the underlying neuropathology of dementia is not curable, interventions and treatment, such as physical activity, can offer physical and functional gains leading to better mobility, independence and quality of life. The Seniors Exercise Park program is an evidence-based physical and social activity program using an innovative design in outdoor exercise equipment specifically designed for older people. This unique program has never been tested with older people living with dementia. This study will evaluate the feasibility of delivering the Seniors Exercise Park program for people living with mild to moderate dementia in residential aged-care. This study will identify the optimal physical activity program, evaluate the safety of equipment usage and determine optimal supervision needs. The potential physical, social, quality of life and cognitive benefits of participation in the Seniors Exercise Park program will also be examined. Methods This is a feasibility pilot randomised controlled design with pre-post evaluation. Adults aged ≥ 60 years who have symptoms of dementia and/or who have been diagnosed with dementia will be recruited from an aged-care facility in Melbourne. Participants allocated to the intervention group will undergo a 12-week structured supervised physical activity program using the outdoor Seniors Exercise Park equipment followed by a 12-week maintenance phase (unstructured physical activity). Participants will be assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Participants allocated to the control group will attend activities provided by the aged-care facility. A sample of 12 participants per group is the targeted sample size. Feasibility will be evaluated in terms of recruitment rate, retention, attendance, overall adherence, dropout rate, adverse events, modifications to the exercise program delivery and supervision needs. A comprehensive suite of cognitive and health-related questionnaires and physical function measures will also be collected. Discussion The ENJOY program for independence in dementia will determine the suitability of the Seniors Exercise Park program for people diagnosed with mild to moderate dementia. Outcomes could inform future design of dementia-friendly built environments to increase physical activity participation for residential aged-care facilities. Trial registration This trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry—Registry Number ACTRN12620000733976. Registered on the 13th of July 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pazit Levinger
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia. .,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Anita M Y Goh
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeremy Dunn
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | | | - Ritu Paudel
- Old Colonists' Association of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adrian Onofrio
- Old Colonists' Association of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Frances Batchelor
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Keith D Hill
- Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Jagroep W, Cramm JM, Denktaș S, Nieboer AP. Age-friendly neighbourhoods and physical activity of older Surinamese individuals in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261998. [PMID: 35085282 PMCID: PMC8794150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-friendly neighbourhoods seem to promote physical activity among older individuals. Physical activity is especially important for chronically ill individuals. In the Netherlands, older Surinamese individuals are more likely to have chronic diseases than are their native Dutch counterparts. This study examined relationships of neighbourhood characteristics with physical activity among older Surinamese individuals in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. METHODS Of 2749 potential participants, 697 (25%) community-dwelling older (age ≥ 70 years) Surinamese individuals living in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, completed a questionnaire on personal and neighbourhood characteristics between March and June 2020. Correlation and multilevel regression analyses were performed to identify associations between missing neighbourhood characteristics for ageing in place and physical activity. RESULTS Scores for the neighbourhood domains communication and information (r = -0.099, p ≤ 0.05), community support and health services (r = -0.139, p ≤ 0.001), and respect and social inclusion (r = -0.141, p ≤ 0.001), correlated negatively with participants' PA. In the multilevel analysis, overall missing neighbourhood characteristics to age in place scores were associated negatively with physical activity (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION This study showed the importance of age-friendly neighbourhoods for physical activity among older Surinamese individuals in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Our findings suggest that the neighbourhood plays an important role in supporting older individuals' leading of physically active lifestyles. Further research is needed to support the development of interventions to create age-friendly neighbourhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warsha Jagroep
- Department of Socio-Medical Sciences, Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jane M. Cramm
- Department of Socio-Medical Sciences, Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Semiha Denktaș
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna P. Nieboer
- Department of Socio-Medical Sciences, Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Poveda-López S, Montilla-Herrador J, Gacto-Sánchez M, Romero-Galisteo RP, Lillo-Navarro C. Wishes and perceptions about exercise programs in exercising institutionalized older adults living in long-term care institutions: A qualitative study. Geriatr Nurs 2021; 43:167-174. [PMID: 34902751 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The level of exercise among older adults is low, particularly among those living in health-care institutions. To gain insight into the perceptions of institutionalized older adults towards the exercise programs developed in long-term care institutions and to identify their wishes and needs regarding these programs, we conducted a qualitative study using focus group discussions. Thirty-six institutionalized participants (≥ 65 years) were recruited. Six common themes emerged: participants' attitudes and motivations towards the exercise programs, self-perceived health, knowledge of the concept of physical exercise, perceived effects of the exercise programs, and wishes or expectations for the exercise programs. The main wishes were to increase frequency of exercise sessions, to exercise outdoor and to increase walking times. The results suggest the need for changes in the development of exercise programs, including changes in the frequency, performance environment and types of exercises performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salud Poveda-López
- Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia. Spain
| | - Joaquina Montilla-Herrador
- Faculty of Medicine, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Mariano Gacto-Sánchez
- Faculty of Medicine, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rita P Romero-Galisteo
- Departament of Physical therapy. Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga. Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Lillo-Navarro
- Department of Pathology and Surgery and Center for Translational Research in Physical Therapy (CEIT). University Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain
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Levinger P, Dunn J, Panisset M, Dow B, Batchelor F, Biddle SJH, Duque G, Hill KD. Challenges and lessons learnt from the ENJOY project: recommendations for future collaborative research implementation framework with local governments for improving the environment to promote physical activity for older people. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1192. [PMID: 34157995 PMCID: PMC8218291 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physical environment has been shown to have a positive effect on the promotion of physical activity of older people. Outdoor environments that incorporate specialised exercise equipment suitable for older people are uniquely placed to promote physical activity and social connectedness amongst older people. The ENJOY project included the installation of specialised outdoor exercise equipment (the Seniors Exercise Park) and the delivery of a physical and social activity program for older people as part of a prospective pre-post research design. The installation of the specialised equipment in public sites and an aged care facility was also aimed at increasing usage of the equipment by older people from the wider community and to increase physical and social activities. METHOD A conceptual framework for implementation and several engagement methods were utilised to guide the research and to support the participating partners throughout the project. This paper is a reflective narrative describing the collaborative process and approach utilised to engage local governments and community, and reports the challenges and the lessons learnt to inform future strategies for implementation. RESULTS The conceptual framework for the implementation process that guided the conduct and delivery of the ENJOY project included the core elements of the Interactive Systems Framework and the ecologic framework. These models incorporate elements of research-to-practice and community-centred implementation to accommodate the unique perspectives of a range of stakeholders. CONCLUSION Partner characteristics such as local governments' structure and policy as well as community factors can impact on implementation. Partnership with local governments with effective communication, strategic planning and community and seniors engagement approaches are recommended for successful implementation. The lessons learnt can further assist public health research design around changes to the built environment to positively impact on older people's physical activity levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration number ACTRN12618001727235. Date of registration 19th October 2018, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375979.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pazit Levinger
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, Victoria, 3050, Australia.
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jeremy Dunn
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Maya Panisset
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Briony Dow
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, Victoria, 3050, Australia
- Centre for Health Policy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
| | - Frances Batchelor
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, PO Box 2127, Melbourne, Victoria, 3050, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stuart J H Biddle
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Keith D Hill
- Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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"Enticing" but Not Necessarily a "Space Designed for Me": Experiences of Urban Park Use by Older Adults with Disability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020552. [PMID: 33440760 PMCID: PMC7827794 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Urban parks are spaces that can enhance older adults’ physical, social and psychological wellbeing. As the prevalence of older adults with disability increases, it is important that urban parks are accessible to this population so that they too might gain health benefits. There is limited literature investigating the experiences of urban parks by older adults with disability. This qualitative study, set in a region of New Zealand, explored the experiences, including accessibility, of urban parks by 17 older adults (55 years and older) with self-reported disabilities. Three focus groups (n = 4, 5 and 4 people) and four individual interviews were undertaken. Data were analyzed using the General Inductive Approach. Two primary themes of “Enticing” and “Park use considerations” are presented. Urban parks and green spaces are perceived to provide an environment for older adults with a disability to improve their physical, psychosocial and spiritual health, and social connectedness. Parks that are not age, ability or culture diverse are uninviting and exclusive. Meaningful collaboration between park designers, city councils and people with disability is required to maximize the public health benefits of parks and make parks inviting and accessible for users of all ages, cultures and abilities. Park co-design with people with disability may provide one means of improving accessibility and park usability and thus park participation by older adults with disability.
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Levinger P, Dunn J, Panisset M, Haines T, Dow B, Batchelor F, Biddle SJ, Duque G, Hill KD. The ENJOY Project: Usage and Factors to Support Adherence and Physical Activity Participation. TRANSLATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Effectiveness of Outdoor Exercise Parks on Health Outcomes in Older Adults-A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 29:695-707. [PMID: 33310930 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2020-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of outdoor exercise park equipment on physical activity levels, physical function, psychosocial outcomes, and quality of life of older adults living in the community and to evaluate the evidence of older adults' use of outdoor exercise park equipment. A search strategy was conducted from seven databases. Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. The study quality results were varied. Meta-analyses were undertaken for two physical performance tests: 30-s chair stand test and single-leg stance. The meta-analysis results were not statistically significant. It was not possible to conclude whether exercise parks were effective at improving levels of physical activity. The review shows that older adults value the benefits of health and social interaction from the use of exercise parks. Findings should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample sizes and the limited number of studies.
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Levinger P, Panisset M, Dunn J, Haines T, Dow B, Batchelor F, Biddle S, Duque G, Hill KD. Exercise interveNtion outdoor proJect in the cOmmunitY for older people - results from the ENJOY Seniors Exercise Park project translation research in the community. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:446. [PMID: 33148182 PMCID: PMC7610011 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many research studies evaluate physical activity interventions for older people in the community, however relatively few successfully promote maintenance of physical activity beyond the completion of the intervention. This study aimed to implement and evaluate the effects of sustained engagement in physical activity on mental, social and physical health outcomes through the use of the Seniors Exercise Park physical activity program for older people (the ENJOY project). METHOD People aged ≥60 years underwent a 12-week structured supervised physical activity program using outdoor exercise park equipment followed by 6 months unstructured independent use of the exercise park. Participants were assessed at baseline, 3 months and 9 months and completed a test battery evaluating physical activity, physical function and health related quality of life measures. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare differences between baseline, 3 and 9 months. RESULTS Of the 95 participants, 80 (84.2%) completed the 3 months supervised program, and 58 (61%) completed the 9 month assessment (the latter impacted by COVID-19 restrictions). A significant increase in physical activity level was demonstrated following the 12 weeks intervention (p < 0.01). Significant improvements were also demonstrated in all physical function measures (p < 0.01), self-rated quality of life (p < 0.05), wellbeing (p < 0.01), fear of falls (p < 0.01), falls risk (p < 0.01), depressive symptoms (p = 0.01) and loneliness (p = 0.03) at 3 months. At the 9 months follow up, significant improvements from baseline were demonstrated in the frequency, duration and total of physical activity level (p < 0.05), and all physical function measures (p < 0.05), with no decline in these measures from 3 to 9 months. At 9 months, significant changes were observed in the health related quality of life mobility and self care domains with reductions in both fear of falls and falls risk (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The Seniors Exercise Park may be an effective modality for improving and sustaining older people's physical function and wellbeing and can be an important public health infrastructure investment in promoting physical activity for older people. Future work should focus on wider implementation of the program and on scaling up this initiative to achieve public health benefit for the community. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration number ACTRN12618001727235, Date of registration 19th October 2018, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375979.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pazit Levinger
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Maya Panisset
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeremy Dunn
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terry Haines
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Briony Dow
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Health Policy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Frances Batchelor
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stuart Biddle
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne Medical School, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Keith D Hill
- Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Levinger P, Panisset M, Parker H, Batchelor F, Tye M, Hill KD. Guidance about age-friendly outdoor exercise equipment and associated strategies to maximise usability for older people. Health Promot J Austr 2020; 32:475-482. [PMID: 32484939 PMCID: PMC8359243 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Outdoor exercise equipment has become popular as important environmental infrastructure to provide opportunities for physical activity and social connectedness in public settings. With higher sedentary behaviour and physical inactivity reported among older people, infrastructure changes and safe environments that promote older peoples’ health and mobility are required. Due to ageing‐related functional decline and health conditions associated with ageing, older adults may have special physical needs that require careful consideration when choosing outdoor equipment. However, limited information is available regarding the suitability of the types of exercise equipment for older people. This commentary provides further information on the type of equipment available, its functionality and suitability for older age populations and key considerations for the decision‐maker involved in selecting, installing and supporting community use of outdoor exercise equipment. Recommendations on what is required to maximise usability from a system or organisational‐based approach using research evidence is also discussed. Older people are more susceptible to the negative influences of their local environment and outdoor neighbourhood conditions. Consequently, the age‐friendliness and suitability of the outdoor exercise equipment characteristics, location and settings may facilitate older adults’ engagement in physical and social activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pazit Levinger
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Maya Panisset
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Helen Parker
- Department of Health and Human Services Community Based Health Policy, Health and Wellbeing, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Marian Tye
- School of Design and Built Environment, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Keith D Hill
- Department of Primary Care and Allied Health, Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Levinger P, Panisset M, Dunn J, Haines T, Dow B, Batchelor F, Biddle S, Duque G, Hill KD. Exercise interveNtion outdoor proJect in the cOmmunitY for older people - the ENJOY Senior Exercise Park project translation research protocol. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:933. [PMID: 31296187 PMCID: PMC6624877 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Creating inclusive and accessible outdoor environments that provide and encourage opportunities for older adults to engage in physical activity and social interaction is important for healthy ageing. The Senior Exercise Park is outdoor exercise equipment designed specifically for use by older people that provides physical and social benefits for older people in the community, and has the potential to be used widely as a sustainable mode of physical activity. The aim of this study is to implement and evaluate the effects of sustained engagement through the use of a community-based novel outdoor physical activity program (purpose-built exercise park) for older people on physical, mental and social health and physical activity outcomes (the ENJOY project). Methods This is a prospective pre-post design study with 12 months follow up. Adults aged ≥60 years will be recruited from the general community from the suburbs close to the Senior Exercise Parks locations in Melbourne. Participants will undergo a 12 week structured supervised physical activity program using the outdoor Senior Exercise Park equipment followed by 6 months unstructured physical activity program. Participants will be assessed at baseline, 3, 9, and 12 months. The following outcomes will be assessed: physical activity, physical function, psychosocial and mental health outcomes, falls risk and falls occurrence, participants’ feedback and satisfaction, and health care resource use. Discussion The ENJOY trial is designed to operate in a community setting with local government engagement to maximise the usage of the exercise park and provide an outdoor space for older people to be physically active. This project will evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of the outdoor exercise park on a range of health outcomes and its long-term usability in the community. Trial registration This trial is prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. Trial registration number ACTRN12618001727235 registered 18th of October 2018. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7125-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pazit Levinger
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Maya Panisset
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeremy Dunn
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terry Haines
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Briony Dow
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Health Policy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Frances Batchelor
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stuart Biddle
- Centre for Health, Informatics, and Economic Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Keith D Hill
- The School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Levinger P, Sales M, Polman R, Haines T, Dow B, Biddle SJH, Duque G, Hill KD. Outdoor physical activity for older people-the senior exercise park: Current research, challenges and future directions. Health Promot J Austr 2018. [PMID: 29537618 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Exercising outdoors provide beneficial effect on mental and physical health for all ages. However, few older people exercise outdoors other than walking. While outdoor gyms have become increasingly common in Australia, limited outdoor exercise equipment specifically designed for older people is available in public spaces. We have set up and evaluated a unique purpose-built outdoor exercise park for older people in the community setting and demonstrated positive physical and wellbeing outcomes associated with the provision of this unique exercise mode and social program. METHODS This study is a reflective narrative describing this innovative exercise approach and reports challenges associated with establishment of the exercise park, conducting the randomised trial, strategies adopted to address these challenges and recommendations for future implementation of this approach in the community. RESULTS Many challenges were encountered, including securing appropriate land to locate the exercise park, control of environmental factors for safety (non-slippery ground and equipment) as well as logistics in running the exercise program itself. Several adjustments in the equipment were also required to ensure safe use by older people. CONCLUSION The inclusion of outdoor equipment for older people in public spaces or urban parks is important and careful consideration needs to be taken by local/public authorities to provide access, amenities and safety for all as well as activities to suit all ages. SO WHAT?: Seniors' exercise parks can be installed in public places and may provide an enjoyable and effective approach to engage older individuals in a more active and healthier lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pazit Levinger
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Myrla Sales
- The Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Remco Polman
- School Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Terry Haines
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Briony Dow
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J H Biddle
- Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Keith D Hill
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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