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Wang J, Ciais P, Gasser T, Chang J, Tian H, Zhao Z, Zhu L, Li Z, Li W. Temperature Changes Induced by Biogeochemical and Biophysical Effects of Bioenergy Crop Cultivation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2474-2483. [PMID: 36723918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The production of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is a pivotal negative emission technology. The cultivation of dedicated crops for BECCS impacts the temperature through two processes: net CO2 removal (CDR) from the atmosphere (biogeochemical cooling) and changes in the local energy balance (biophysical warming or cooling). Here, we compare the magnitude of these two processes for key grass and tree species envisioned for large-scale bioenergy crop cultivation, following economically plausible scenarios using Earth System Models. By the end of this century, the cumulative CDR from the cultivation of eucalypt (72-112 Pg C) is larger than that of switchgrass (34-83 Pg C) because of contrasting contributions of land use change carbon emissions. The combined biogeochemical and biophysical effects are cooling (-0.26 to -0.04 °C) at the global scale, but 13-28% of land areas still have net warming signals, mainly due to the spatial heterogeneity of the biophysical effects. Our study shows that the deployment of bioenergy crop cultivation should not only be guided by the principles of maximizing yield and CDR but should also take an integrated perspective that includes all relevant Earth system feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmeng Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Beijing100084, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette91191, France
| | - Thomas Gasser
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg2361, Austria
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Hanqin Tian
- Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts02467, United States
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Beijing100084, China
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Global cooling induced by biophysical effects of bioenergy crop cultivation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7255. [PMID: 34903764 PMCID: PMC8668960 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioenergy crop with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is a key negative emission technology to meet carbon neutrality. However, the biophysical effects of widespread bioenergy crop cultivation on temperature remain unclear. Here, using a coupled atmosphere-land model with an explicit representation of lignocellulosic bioenergy crops, we find that after 50 years of large-scale bioenergy crop cultivation following plausible scenarios, global air temperature decreases by 0.03~0.08 °C, with strong regional contrasts and interannual variability. Over the cultivated regions, woody crops induce stronger cooling effects than herbaceous crops due to larger evapotranspiration rates and smaller aerodynamic resistance. At the continental scale, air temperature changes are not linearly proportional to the cultivation area. Sensitivity tests show that the temperature change is robust for eucalypt but more uncertain for switchgrass among different cultivation maps. Our study calls for new metrics to take the biophysical effects into account when assessing the climate mitigation capacity of BECCS. Bioenergy crops has been proposed as a climate mitigation measure, but how the biophysical effects of large-scale cultivation would influence the climate is not well known. Here, the authors use models to show that large-scale cultivation could cool the global land by 0.03 to 0.08 °C.
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Li W, Ciais P, Han M, Zhao Q, Chang J, Goll DS, Zhu L, Wang J. Bioenergy Crops for Low Warming Targets Require Half of the Present Agricultural Fertilizer Use. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10654-10661. [PMID: 34288664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is a key option for removing CO2 from the atmosphere over time to achieve climate mitigation. However, an overlooked impact of BECCS is the amount of nutrients required to sustain the production. Here, we use an observation-driven approach to estimate the future bioenergy biomass production for land-use scenarios maximizing BECCS and the pertaining nutrient requirements. The projected global biomass production during the 21st century is comparable to the CO2 removal target for 2 °C warming scenarios. However, 9-19% of this future production hinges on agrotechnology improvement, which remains uncertain. Additional nutrients from fertilizers, corresponding to 56.8 ± 6.1% of the present-day agricultural fertilizer, will be needed to replenish the nutrients removed in harvested biomass at the end of the century, resulting in additional costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Our study reveals the nutrient challenges associated with BECCS and calls for additional management efforts to grow bioenergy crops in a sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif Sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Mengjie Han
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering Institute of Applied Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering Institute of Applied Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daniel S Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif Sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Lei Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingmeng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Kowalczyk Z, Kwaśniewski D. Environmental impact of the cultivation of energy willow in Poland. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4571. [PMID: 33633322 PMCID: PMC7907244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the work is to analyze the structure of the environmental impact of energy willow cultivation (Salix spp.) on plantations of various sizes, divided per materials and processes. The research covered 15 willow plantations, ranging from 0.31 ha to 12 ha, located in southern Poland. It was found, among others, that the so-called processes, i.e. the use of technical means of production, dominate the structure of the environmental impact (EI) related to the cultivation of energy willow, and that the cultivation of energy willow on larger plantations has a much lower environmental impact compared to cultivation on smaller plantations. Also, in the case of the environmental impact of processes, the largest environmental impact was recorded in the human health category, which is mainly associated with the consumption of fuel, i.e. diesel. It was determined, e.g., that the cultivation of energetic willow on larger plantations is characterized by a much lower environmental impact (as per the cultivation area), at approx. 108 Pt, compared to the cultivation on smaller plantations, where the value of the environmental impact is 168 Pt. A decisively dominant position in the structure of the environmental impact (EI), related to the cultivation of energy willow, is held by the so-called processes, i.e. the use of technical means of production. Their share in the total environmental impact decreases from 148.5 Pt in the group of the smallest plantations to 77.9 Pt in the group of the largest plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Kowalczyk
- Faculty of Production Engineering and Energetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Balicka 116B, 30-149, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Kwaśniewski
- Faculty of Production Engineering and Energetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Balicka 116B, 30-149, Kraków, Poland
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Wassen MJ, Schrader J, van Dijk J, Eppinga MB. Phosphorus fertilization is eradicating the niche of northern Eurasia’s threatened plant species. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 5:67-73. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-01323-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vieira-Filho MS, Ito DT, Pedrotti JJ, Coelho LHG, Fornaro A. Gas-phase ammonia and water-soluble ions in particulate matter analysis in an urban vehicular tunnel. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:19876-19886. [PMID: 27424201 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is a key alkaline species, playing an important role by neutralizing atmospheric acidity and inorganic secondary aerosol production. On the other hand, the NH3/NH4 (+) increases the acidity and eutrophication in natural ecosystems, being NH3 classified as toxic atmospheric pollutant. The present study aims to give a better comprehension of the nitrogen content species distribution in fine and coarse particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM2.5-10) and to quantify ammonia vehicular emissions from an urban vehicular tunnel experiment in the metropolitan area of São Paulo (MASP). MASP is the largest megacity in South America, with over 20 million inhabitants spread over 2000 km(2) of urbanized area, which faces serious environmental problems. The PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 median mass concentrations were 44.5 and 66.6 μg m(-3), respectively, during weekdays. In the PM2.5, sulfate showed the highest concentration, 3.27 ± 1.76 μg m(-3), followed by ammonium, 1.14 ± 0.71 μg m(-3), and nitrate, 0.80 ± 0.52 μg m(-3). Likewise, the dominance (30 % of total PM2.5) of solid species, mainly the ammonium salts, NH4HSO4, (NH4)2SO4, and NH4NO3, resulted from simulation of inorganic species. The ISORROPIA simulation was relevant to show the importance of environment conditions for the ammonium phase distribution (solid/aqueous), which was solely aqueous at outside and almost entirely solid at inside tunnel. Regarding gaseous ammonia concentrations, the value measured inside the tunnel (46.5 ± 17.5 μg m(-3)) was 3-fold higher than that outside (15.2 ± 11.3 μg m(-3)). The NH3 vehicular emission factor (EF) estimated by carbon balance for urban tunnel was 44 ± 22 mg km(-1). From this EF value and considering the MASP traffic characteristics, it was possible to estimate more than 7 Gg NH3 year(-1) emissions that along with NOx are likely to cause rather serious problems to natural ecosystems in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo S Vieira-Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1226, Cidade, Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Debora T Ito
- Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Rua Consolação, 896, Consolação, São Paulo, SP, 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Jairo J Pedrotti
- Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Rua Consolação, 896, Consolação, São Paulo, SP, 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Lúcia H G Coelho
- Centro de Engenharia Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Bangu-Santo André, SP, 09210-170, Brazil
| | - Adalgiza Fornaro
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1226, Cidade, Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
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Pappalardo SE, Prosdocimi M, Tarolli P, Borin M. Assessment of energy potential from wetland plants along the minor channel network on an agricultural floodplain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:2479-2490. [PMID: 24910309 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Renewable energy sources such as biomasses can play a pivotal role to ensure security of energy supply and reduce greenhouse gases through the substitution of fossil fuels. At present, bioenergy is mainly derived from cultivated crops that mirror the environmental impacts from the intensification of agricultural systems for food production. Instead, biomass from perennial herbaceous species growing in wetland ecosystems and marginal lands has recently aroused interest as bioenergy for electricity and heat, methane and 2nd-generation bioethanol. The aim of this paper is to assess, at local scale, the energy potential of wetland vegetation growing along the minor hydrographic network of a reclamation area in Northeast Italy, by performing energy scenarios for combustion, methane and 2nd-generation ethanol. The research is based on a cross-methodology that combines survey analyses in the field with a GIS-based approach: the former consists of direct measurements and biomass sampling, the latter of spatial analyses and scaling up simulations at the minor channel network level. Results highlight that biomass from riparian zones could represent a significant source of bioenergy for combustion transformation, turning the disposal problem to cut and store in situ wetland vegetation into an opportunity to produce sustainable renewable energy at local scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Eugenio Pappalardo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua-Agripolis Campus, Viale dell'Università, 16-35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy,
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