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Fang YH, Gao Y, Yang Y, Tan K, Li YP, Ren GP, Huang ZP, Cui LW, Xiao W. Effects of reflective warning markers on wildlife. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7614. [PMID: 31534852 PMCID: PMC6730532 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Light pollution has become one of the top issues in environmental pollution, especially concerning how secondary light pollution, such as from traffic reflective materials, influences animal distribution and behavior. In this study, 15 camera traps were set up at sites with or without reflective warning markers (RWM) in coniferous forests on Cangshan Mountain located in Dali Prefecture, China. The results showed that the number of independent photographs and species at sites without RWMs were significantly higher than those at sites with RWMs. Significant differences were found between daytime and nighttime composition of bird species and non-flying mammals between two sites. This study found that RWMs had negative effects on wildlife, with the avoidance response of birds to RWMs being more obvious than that of animals at daytime. It is recommended that the use of reflective materials be carefully considered, especially in protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hao Fang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region from Dali University, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Yunnan Education Department on Er'hai Catchment Conservation and Sustainable Development, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,Faculty of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region from Dali University, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Yunnan Education Department on Er'hai Catchment Conservation and Sustainable Development, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,Faculty of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region from Dali University, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Yunnan Education Department on Er'hai Catchment Conservation and Sustainable Development, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,School of Archaeology & Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Kun Tan
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region from Dali University, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Yunnan Education Department on Er'hai Catchment Conservation and Sustainable Development, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan-Peng Li
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region from Dali University, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Yunnan Education Department on Er'hai Catchment Conservation and Sustainable Development, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Guo-Peng Ren
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region from Dali University, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Yunnan Education Department on Er'hai Catchment Conservation and Sustainable Development, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhi-Pang Huang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region from Dali University, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Yunnan Education Department on Er'hai Catchment Conservation and Sustainable Development, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Liang-Wei Cui
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region from Dali University, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Yunnan Education Department on Er'hai Catchment Conservation and Sustainable Development, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,Faculty of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region from Dali University, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Yunnan Education Department on Er'hai Catchment Conservation and Sustainable Development, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
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Strauss SH, Jones KN, Lu H, Petit JD, Klocko AL, Betts MG, Brosi BJ, Fletcher RJ, Needham MD. Reproductive modification in forest plantations: impacts on biodiversity and society. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1000-1021. [PMID: 28079940 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
1000 I. 1000 II. 1001 III. 1014 IV. 1015 V. 1016 1016 References 1016 SUMMARY: Genetic engineering (GE) can be used to improve forest plantation productivity and tolerance of biotic and abiotic stresses. However, gene flow from GE forest plantations is a large source of ecological, social and legal controversy. The use of genetic technologies to mitigate or prevent gene flow has been discussed widely and should be technically feasible in a variety of plantation taxa. However, potential ecological effects of such modifications, and their social acceptability, are not well understood. Focusing on Eucalyptus, Pinus, Populus and Pseudotsuga - genera that represent diverse modes of pollination and seed dispersal - we conducted in-depth reviews of ecological processes associated with reproductive tissues. We also explored potential impacts of various forms of reproductive modification at stand and landscape levels, and means for mitigating impacts. We found little research on potential reactions by the public and other stakeholders to reproductive modification in forest plantations. However, there is considerable research on related areas that suggest key dimensions of concern and support. We provide detailed suggestions for research to understand the biological and social dimensions of containment technologies, and consider the role of regulatory and market restrictions that obstruct necessary ecological and genetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Strauss
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Kristin N Jones
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Haiwei Lu
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Joshua D Petit
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Amy L Klocko
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Matthew G Betts
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Berry J Brosi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Robert J Fletcher
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Mark D Needham
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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