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Ilyinskaya GV, Mukhina EV, Soboleva AV, Matveeva OV, Chumakov PM. Oncolytic Sendai Virus Therapy of Canine Mast Cell Tumors (A Pilot Study). Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:116. [PMID: 29915788 PMCID: PMC5995045 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Canine mastocytomas (mast cell tumors) represent a common malignancy among many dog breeds. A typical treatment strategy for canine mastocytomas includes surgery, chemo- and radio-therapy, although in many cases the therapy fails and the disease progression resumes. New treatment approaches are needed. Aims: The goal of this pilot study was to examine safety and efficacy of oncolytic Sendai virus therapy administered to canine patients with cutaneous or subcutaneous mastocytomas. Materials and Methods: Six canine patients, with variable grades and stages of the disease, received virus therapy, either as a monotherapy, or in combination with surgery. The therapy included two or more virus applications administered weekly or biweekly. Each application of Sendai virus (107-108.6 EID50) consisted of multiple individual 0.01-0.1 ml injections delivered intratumorally, intradermally around a tumor, and under a tumor bed. Results: The treatment was well tolerated, with minor transitory side effects. Of the six dogs, two did not receive surgery or any other treatment besides the virus injections. The other four animals underwent radical or debulking surgeries, and in three of them the subsequent administration of Sendai virus completely cleared locally recurrent or/and remaining tumor masses. Five dogs demonstrated a complete response to the treatment, the animals remained disease free during the time of observation (2-3 years). One dog responded only partially to the virotherapy; its after-surgical recurrent tumor and some, but not all, metastases were cleared. This dog had the most advanced stage of the disease with multiple enlarged lymph nodes and cutaneous metastases. Conclusion: The results of the pilot study suggest that Sendai virus injections could be safe and efficient for the treatment of dogs affected by mastocytomas.They also suggest the need of further studies for finding optimal schemes and schedules for this kind of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V. Ilyinskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Mukhina
- Veterinary Clinic of Herzen Oncology Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alesya V. Soboleva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Peter M. Chumakov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow, Russia
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Olsen JA, Thomson M, O'Connell K, Wyatt K. Combination vinblastine, prednisolone and toceranib phosphate for treatment of grade II and III mast cell tumours in dogs. Vet Med Sci 2018; 4:237-251. [PMID: 29797551 PMCID: PMC6090407 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study evaluates the progression-free interval and survival outcomes of 40 canine (Canis familiaris) patients with Patnaik grade II and III mast cell tumours treated with combination vinblastine, prednisolone and toceranib phosphate from 2011 to 2015. Patients were subdivided into three groups; patients who received neoadjuvant therapy for poorly operable lesions, patients who received adjuvant therapy following surgical resection and patients being palliated for gross metastatic disease. Median survival time (MST) for the neoadjuvant group was not reached. Median survival time for the remaining groups was 893 days and 218 days, respectively. This combination demonstrated response in 90% (26/29) patients with measurable disease. The predominant side effects related to this chemotherapy combination were gastrointestinal in origin. Further prospective studies are required to further validate the efficacy of this treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A. Olsen
- Perth Veterinary SpecialistsOsborne ParkWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | | | | | - Ken Wyatt
- Perth Veterinary SpecialistsOsborne ParkWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Weishaar KM, Ehrhart EJ, Avery AC, Charles JB, Elmslie RE, Vail DM, London CA, Clifford CA, Eickhoff JC, Thamm DH. c-Kit Mutation and Localization Status as Response Predictors in Mast Cell Tumors in Dogs Treated with Prednisone and Toceranib or Vinblastine. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 32:394-405. [PMID: 29194765 PMCID: PMC5787208 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background KIT inhibitors, such as toceranib (TOC), and vinblastine (VBL) have not been prospectively compared in the treatment of macroscopic mast cell tumors (MCTs). Also, it is unknown whether VBL or TOC is superior for treating MCT without c‐kit mutations. Hypothesis/Objectives To determine the value of KIT genotyping and localization in treatment decisions for dogs with macroscopic MCT. We hypothesized that c‐kit mutated MCT would have a better response to TOC than VBL. Animals Eighty‐eight client‐owned dogs with macroscopic MCT. Methods Prospective, randomized trial. Dogs were randomized to TOC (2.75 mg/kg EOD) or VBL (2.5 mg/m2 weekly × 4 then EOW) by KIT localization and c‐kit mutation status using an adaptive randomization scheme. Results Sixty dogs were allocated to TOC and 28 to VBL. Of the dogs receiving TOC, 20% had c‐kit mutations, compared to 30% receiving VBL (P = 0.74). Overall response rates were 46% (TOC) and 30% (VBL) (odds ratio = 1.56 [0.62–3.92]; P = 0.28). Median progression‐free survival (PFS) for dogs receiving VBL was 78 days (7–1,521) and for TOC 95.5 (14–990); hazard ratio (HR) = 1.34 [0.72–2.50]; P = 0.36. Median overall survival (OS) was 241.5 days (10–1,521) for the VBL group and 159 (20–990) for the TOC group; HR = 0.80 ([0.45–1.41]; P = 0.44). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Neither PFS nor OS was significantly different between treatment groups. As the proportion of dogs with c‐kit mutations was not different between treatment groups in this population of dogs, c‐kit mutation status did not predict treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Weishaar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - E J Ehrhart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - A C Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - J B Charles
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - R E Elmslie
- VRCC Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Hospital, Englewood, CO
| | - D M Vail
- School of Veterinary Medicine and the Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - C A London
- The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | - J C Eickhoff
- School of Veterinary Medicine and the Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - D H Thamm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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KuKanich B, Warner M, Hahn K. Analysis of lomustine drug content in FDA-approved and compounded lomustine capsules. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 250:322-326. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.250.3.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Burton JH, Stanley SD, Knych HK, Rodriguez CO, Skorupski KA, Rebhun RB. Frequency and Severity of Neutropenia Associated with Food and Drug Administration Approved and Compounded Formulations of Lomustine in Dogs with Cancer. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 30:242-6. [PMID: 26682700 PMCID: PMC4913625 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compounded lomustine is used commonly in veterinary patients. However, the potential variability in these formulations is unknown and concern exists that compounded formulations of drugs may differ in potency from Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved products. Hypothesis/Objectives The initial objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of neutropenia in dogs treated with compounded or FDA‐approved formulations of lomustine. Subsequent analyses aimed to determine the potency of lomustine obtained from several compounding pharmacies. Animals Thirty‐seven dogs treated with FDA‐approved or compounded lomustine. Methods Dogs that received compounded or FDA‐approved lomustine and had pretreatment and nadir CBCs performed were eligible for inclusion. Variables assessed included lomustine dose, neutrophil counts, and severity of neutropenia. Lomustine 5 mg capsules from 5 compounding sources were tested for potency using high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection. Results Twenty‐one dogs received FDA‐approved lomustine and 16 dogs were treated with lomustine prescribed from a single compounding pharmacy. All dogs treated with FDA‐approved lomustine were neutropenic after treatment; 15 dogs (71%) developed grade 3 or higher neutropenia. Four dogs (25%) given compounded lomustine became neutropenic, with 2 dogs (12.5%) developing grade 3 neutropenia. The potency of lomustine from 5 compounding pharmacies ranged from 50 to 115% of the labeled concentration, with 1 sample within ±10% of the labeled concentration. Conclusions and Clinical Importance These data support broader investigation into the potency and consistency of compounded chemotherapy drugs and highlight the potential need for greater oversight of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Burton
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - S D Stanley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - H K Knych
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - C O Rodriguez
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - K A Skorupski
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - R B Rebhun
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA
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Burton JH, Venable RO, Vail DM, Williams LE, Clifford CA, Axiak-Bechtel SM, Avery AC, Thamm DH. Pulse-Administered Toceranib Phosphate Plus Lomustine for Treatment of Unresectable Mast Cell Tumors in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:1098-104. [PMID: 26119008 PMCID: PMC4895362 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonresectable mast cell tumors (MCT) in dogs remain a therapeutic challenge, and investigation of novel combination therapies is warranted. Intermittent administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy may effectively chemosensitize canine MCT while decreasing cost and adverse effects associated with either agent administered as monotherapy. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The primary study objectives were to (1) identify the maximally tolerated dose (MTD), (2) determine the objective response rate (ORR) and (3) describe the adverse event profile of pulse-administered toceranib phosphate (TOC) combined with lomustine. ANIMALS Forty-seven client-owned dogs with measurable MCT. METHODS Toceranib phosphate was given PO on days 1, 3 and 5 of a 21-day cycle at a target dosage of 2.75 mg/kg. Lomustine was given PO on day 3 of each cycle at a starting dosage of 50 mg/m(2) . All dogs were concurrently treated with diphenhydramine, omeprazole, and prednisone. RESULTS The MTD of lomustine was established at 50 mg/m(2) when combined with pulse-administered TOC; the dose-limiting toxicity was neutropenia. Forty-one dogs treated at the MTD were evaluable for outcome assessment. The ORR was 46% (4 complete response, 15 partial response) and the overall median progression-free survival (PFS) was 53 days (1 to >752 days). On multivariate analysis, variables significantly associated with improved PFS included response to treatment, absence of metastasis, and no previous chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Combined treatment with pulse-administered TOC and lomustine generally is well tolerated and may be a reasonable treatment option for dogs with unresectable or metastatic MCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Burton
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - R O Venable
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Arizona Veterinary Oncology, Gilbert, AZ
| | - D M Vail
- School of Veterinary Medicine and the Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - L E Williams
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.,Veterinary Specialty Hospital of the Carolinas, Cary, NC
| | - C A Clifford
- Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ.,Hope Veterinary Specialists, Malvern, PA
| | - S M Axiak-Bechtel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - A C Avery
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - D H Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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Garrett LD. Canine mast cell tumors: diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2014; 5:49-58. [PMID: 32670846 PMCID: PMC7337164 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s41005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are the most common malignant skin cancer in dogs, and significant variability exists in their biological behavior. Most MCTs are cured with appropriate local therapy, but a subset shows malignant behavior with the potential to spread to lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and other areas and to thus become a systemic cancer. Because of this variable behavior, it is difficult to predict how any individual tumor is going to behave. The variability thus creates uncertainty in deciding what a particular dog’s prognosis is, whether staging tests to assess for metastasis are needed, and even what treatments will be necessary for best outcome. In addition to controversies over the potential for development of systemic disease, or diffuse metastasis, controversies also exist over what treatment is needed to best attain local control of these tumors. This article will briefly discuss the diagnosis of MCTs in dogs and will summarize the literature in regards to the controversial topics surrounding the more aggressive form of this disease, with recommendations made based on published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Garrett
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA
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Takahashi M, Goto-Koshino Y, Fukushima K, Kanemoto H, Nakashima K, Fujino Y, Ohno K, Endo Y, Tsujimoto H. Phase I dose-escalation study of nimustine in tumor-bearing dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:895-9. [PMID: 24521794 PMCID: PMC4108775 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nimustine (ACNU) is an alkylating agent of the nitrosourea and can be an antineoplastic agent in dogs. But, there has been no report on its dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) in dogs. This study was a phase I dose-escalation clinical trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and DLT of ACNU in tumor-bearing dogs. The starting dosage was 25 mg/m(2), and subsequent dosages were administered in increments of 5 mg/m(2) in cohort of 3 dogs. Eight dogs were included, the MTD was determined to be 25 mg/m(2), DLT was neutropenia, and the optimal interval was considered to be 21 days. The data herein provide a basis for the subsequent phase II trial of ACNU in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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9
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Vail DM, von Euler H, Rusk AW, Barber L, Clifford C, Elmslie R, Fulton L, Hirschberger J, Klein M, London C, Martano M, McNiel EA, Morris JS, Northrup N, Phillips B, Polton G, Post G, Rosenberg M, Ruslander D, Sahora A, Siegel S, Thamm D, Westberg S, Winter J, Khanna C. A randomized trial investigating the efficacy and safety of water soluble micellar paclitaxel (Paccal Vet) for treatment of nonresectable grade 2 or 3 mast cell tumors in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:598-607. [PMID: 22390318 PMCID: PMC3837094 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective treatments for dogs with advanced stage mast cell tumors (MCT) remain a pressing need. A micellar formulation of paclitaxel (paclitaxel [micellar]) has shown promise in early-phase studies. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The objective was to demonstrate greater activity for paclitaxel (micellar) compared with lomustine. The null hypothesis was μ(p) = μ(L) (ie, proportion of responders for the paclitaxel [micellar] and lomustine groups, respectively). ANIMALS Two hundred and fifty-two dogs with advanced stage nonresectable grade 2 or 3 MCT. METHODS Prospective multicenter randomized double-blind positive-controlled clinical trial. The primary endpoint was confirmed overall response rate (CORR) at 14 weeks. A secondary endpoint, biologic observed response rate (BORR), also was calculated. Safety was assessed by the characterization and grading of adverse events (AE). RESULTS Overall CORR (7% versus 1%; P = .048) and BORR (23% versus 10%; P = .012) were greater for paclitaxel (micellar) compared with lomustine. Paclitaxel (micellar)-treated dogs were 6.5 times more likely to have a confirmed response and 3.1 times more likely to experience a biologic observed response. The majority of AE with paclitaxel (micellar) were transient and clinically manageable. Twenty-seven dogs (33%) receiving lomustine were discontinued because of hepatopathy compared with 3 dogs (2%) receiving paclitaxel (micellar) (P < .0001; odds ratio 26.7). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Paclitaxel (micellar)'s activity and safety profile are superior to lomustine. The addition of an active and novel taxane to the veterinary armamentarium could fill a substantial need and, as its mechanism of action and AE profile do not overlap with currently available TKI, its availability could lead to effective combination protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Vail
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Robat C, London C, Bunting L, McCartan L, Stingle N, Selting K, Kurzman I, Vail DM. Safety evaluation of combination vinblastine and toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) in dogs: a phase I dose-finding study. Vet Comp Oncol 2011; 10:174-83. [PMID: 22235914 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Combining drugs with known single-agent activity that lack overlapping dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) and exert antitumour activity through different mechanisms could improve clinical outcome. As toceranib and vinblastine meet these requisites, a phase I trial was performed in combination in dogs with mast cell tumours. The DLT for the simultaneous combination was neutropenia and the maximally tolerated dose was vinblastine (1.6 mg m(-2) every other week) concurrent with toceranib (3.25 mg kg(-1) PO, every other day). This represents greater than a 50% reduction in dose intensity for vinblastine (compared with single-agent use) and as such does not support this combination based on current drug combination paradigms. Although a strict adherence to dose paradigms speaks against the combination, evidence of significant activity (71% objective response) and enhanced myelosuppression suggest additive or synergistic activity. A prospective randomized evaluation comparing this combination with standard single-agent treatments would seem prudent to interrogate this potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Robat
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Camps-Palau MA, Leibman NF, Elmslie R, Lana SE, Plaza S, McKnight JA, Risbon R, Bergman PJ. Treatment of canine mast cell tumours with vinblastine, cyclophosphamide and prednisone: 35 cases (1997?2004). Vet Comp Oncol 2007; 5:156-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2006.00125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hayes A, Adams V, Smith K, Maglennon G, Murphy S. Vinblastine and prednisolone chemotherapy for surgically excised grade III canine cutaneous mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2007; 5:168-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2007.00135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dobson JM, Scase TJ. Advances in the diagnosis and management of cutaneous mast cell tumours in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2007; 48:424-31. [PMID: 17559522 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell tumours are one of the most common tumours of the canine skin and have a reputation for being difficult to manage because of their variable clinical presentation, behaviour and response to treatment. This review of recent literature on canine mast cell tumours suggests that the majority of such tumours may not be as bad as their reputation suggests. Most grade I and grade II tumours can be managed successfully by good surgery. Recent literature also calls into question the utility of clinical staging systems and the value of assessing surgical margins for prognosis and highlights the paucity of well-conducted, case-controlled clinical trials in assessing the efficacy of medical management of high-risk tumours. In terms of more basic research, recent studies have implicated the stem cell factor receptor KIT as having a role in the aetiology of canine mast cell tumours and there appears to be an association between c-kit mutation and higher grade of tumour. This may offer a possible target for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Dobson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
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Endicott MM, Charney SC, McKnight JA, Loar AS, Barger AM, Bergman PJ. Clinicopathological findings and results of bone marrow aspiration in dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumours: 157 cases (1999?2002). Vet Comp Oncol 2007; 5:31-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2006.00115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Baldi A, Colloca E, Spugnini EP. Lomustine for the treatment of gastrointestinal mast cell tumour in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 2006; 47:465-7. [PMID: 16911116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An eight-year-old, male boxer dog was referred for the treatment of a large (5.5 x 5 cm), unresectable visceral mast cell tumour. The dog had a surgical resection performed one month before referral, and it had widespread metastases to the abdominal lymph nodes. The patient was treated with lomustine and prednisone and showed a rapid improvement and increased level of activity, weight gain and consistent tumour reduction. The patient remained in partial remission (defined as a greater than 50 per cent reduction in tumour volume) for seven months. Toxicity was acceptable and was limited to moderate anaemia and two episodes of neutropenia. At the completion of the seven months of therapy, the dog experienced a chemotherapy-induced sepsis, and the owners elected for euthanasia due to financial concerns. At that time, the tumour was still in partial remission. This case report suggests that a combination of lomustine and prednisone is an effective protocol for the palliation of aggressive visceral mast cell tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baldi
- S A F U Department, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Via delle Messi d'Oro 156, 00158 Rome, Italy
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LeBlanc AK, Mauldin GE, Milner RJ, LaDue TA, Mauldin GN, Bartges JW. Efficacy and toxicity of BOPP and LOPP chemotherapy for the treatment of relapsed canine lymphoma*. Vet Comp Oncol 2006; 4:21-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5810.2006.00088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Trumel C, Bourgès-Abella N, Touron C, Lanore D, Geffré A, Diquelou A, Guelfi JF, Braun JP. Adverse Haematological Effects of Vinblastine, Prednisolone and Cimetidine Treatment: a Retrospective Study in Fourteen Dogs with Mast Cell Tumours. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:275-9. [PMID: 16050908 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2005.00725.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vinblastine toxicity is poorly documented in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the haematological alterations in dogs treated with vinblastine and prednisolone. Fourteen dogs with mast cell tumours (MCT) were selected on at least one of the following criteria: lymph node infiltration, surgical margin infiltration, grade II MCTs with Ki-67 >10%, and grade III MCTs. Starting 15 days after surgery, the dogs were given vinblastine (2 mg/m2 i.v. four times weekly, then twice monthly for 2 months) and prednisolone (2 mg/kg/day p.o.). An EDTA blood sample was collected weekly for complete blood count (CBC). A total of 98 doses of vinblastine were given to the 14 dogs and 114 CBC were performed. Abnormal haematological findings were observed in 12 CBCs from five dogs, which represent a prevalence of 20% of the total CBCs performed in these animals. The most prevalent abnormal finding was thrombopenia (9/12) most often with grade I toxicity (6/9). In conclusion, the risk of occurrence of adverse haematological effects resulting from vinblastine-prednisolone treatment seems limited in dogs with MCT and it should not be overestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Trumel
- Département des Sciences Cliniques des Animaux de Compagnie et de Sport, Ecole Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23, chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France.
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Cahalane AK, Payne S, Barber LG, Duda LE, Henry CJ, Mauldin GE, Frimberger AE, Cotter SM, Moore AS. Prognostic factors for survival of dogs with inguinal and perineal mast cell tumors treated surgically with or without adjunctive treatment: 68 cases (1994-2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004; 225:401-8. [PMID: 15328716 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2004.225.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prognostic factors for survival and tumor recurrence in dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) in the perineal and inguinal regions treated surgically with or without adjunctive radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or both. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 68 dogs. PROCEDURE Medical records of dogs with histologically confirmed MCTs in the perineal region, inguinal region, or both treated surgically with or without adjunctive radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or both were reviewed. RESULTS Mean tumor-free interval was 1,635 days (median not reached), and 1- and 2-year tumor-free rates were 79% and 71%, respectively. Median survival time was 1,111 days (mean, 1,223 days), and 1- and 2-year survival rates were 79% and 61%, respectively. Factors that negatively influenced survival time were age at diagnosis, tumor recurrence, and treatment with lomustine. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that dogs with MCTs in the inguinal and perineal regions, if appropriately treated, may have survival times and tumor-free intervals similar to dogs with MCTs in other locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alane Kosanovich Cahalane
- Harrington Oncology Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
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Hahn KA, King GK, Carreras JK. Efficacy of radiation therapy for incompletely resected grade-III mast cell tumors in dogs: 31 cases (1987–1998). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004; 224:79-82. [PMID: 14710881 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2004.224.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy (durations of remission and survival) of an alternating-day radiation protocol for incompletely excised histologic grade-III solitary mast cell tumors (MCTs) in dogs. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 31 dogs. PROCEDURE Radiation (52 Gy in an 18-fraction alternating-day protocol) was delivered to an area bordered by margins > or = 3 cm around the surgical scar and to the associated local-regional lymph nodes. Dogs were not given chemotherapeutic agents concurrently or after radiation. Information on signalment, duration of remission, and survival time was obtained from medical records. RESULTS Median and mean durations of remission were 27.7 and 17.0 months, respectively (range, 1 to 47 months). Median and mean durations of survival were 28 and 20 months, respectively (range, 3 to 52 months). Dogs with tumors located on the skin of the pinna, perineum, and prepuce had a median duration of remission greater than dogs with tumors located at other sites (27.7 and 14.4 months, respectively). Dogs with tumors < or = 3 cm in maximum diameter before surgery survived longer than dogs with tumors > 3 cm (31 and 24 months, respectively). The remission rate was 65% and survival rate was 71% at 1 year after treatment. Sixteen dogs that were euthanatized had complications associated with local-regional tumor progression. Systemic metastases to liver, spleen, intestine, and bone marrow were detected in 1 dog. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Without further treatment, incompletely excised grade-III mast cell tumors have high local-regional recurrence; local-regional treatment with radiation may effectively be used to manage many such tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Hahn
- Gulf Coast Veterinary Oncologists 1111 W Loop South, Ste 150, Houston, TX 77027, USA
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