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Al Balushi H, Ahmed J, Ahuja LK, Barkha F, Shafeeq MI, Baluch AB, Altinkaynak Y, Abdallah S, Islam H, Islam R, Rehman A, Shehryar A, Raza A. Evaluating the Efficacy of Antioxidant Therapy in Enhancing the Quality of Life of Chronic Pancreatitis Patients: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e57402. [PMID: 38694657 PMCID: PMC11062490 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP), an inflammatory disease characterized by irreversible pancreatic changes and progressive fibrosis, significantly impairs patients' quality of life. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy of antioxidant therapy in enhancing the quality of life of CP patients. Focusing on the role of oxidative stress in CP pathogenesis, we explored several databases for studies evaluating the impact of antioxidant supplementation. The review included randomized controlled trials and cohort studies reporting pain frequency, intensity, and overall quality of life measures. Findings from these studies present a mixed view of the efficacy of antioxidants in CP, with some suggesting benefits in symptom management, while others show inconsistency in improving patient outcomes. The review concludes that while antioxidant therapy holds potential, especially in symptom alleviation, there is a need for more rigorous, larger-scale studies to confirm its effectiveness in CP management and to establish standardized treatment protocols. The incorporation of antioxidants into CP treatment plans should be approached with personalized care, considering the varied responses observed in different patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junaid Ahmed
- Internal Medicine, Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana, PAK
| | | | - Fnu Barkha
- Pathology, Chandka Medical College, Larkana, PAK
| | | | - Amna B Baluch
- Internal Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, MEX
| | | | | | - Hamza Islam
- Research, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, PAK
| | - Rabia Islam
- Research, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, PAK
| | - Abdur Rehman
- Medicine and Surgery, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | | | - Ali Raza
- Internal Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, PAK
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Černá P, L. Mitchell J, Lodzinska J, Cazzini P, Varjonen K, Gunn-Moore DA. Systemic Mycobacterium kansasii Infection in Two Related Cats. Pathogens 2020; 9:E959. [PMID: 33218094 PMCID: PMC7698836 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial infections are a major concern in veterinary medicine because of the difficulty achieving an etiological diagnosis, the challenges and concerns of treatment, and the potential zoonotic risk. Mycobacterium kansasii, a slow-growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria, causes disease in both humans and animals. While infections have been well described in humans, where it may be misdiagnosed as tuberculosis, there are fewer reports in animals. Only four cases have been reported in the domestic cat. This case report describes systemic M. kansasii infection in two sibling indoor-only cats that presented two and half years apart with cutaneous disease that was found to be associated with osteolytic and pulmonary pathology. Infection with M. kansasii was confirmed in both cats by polymerase chain reaction on fine-needle aspirate of a lumbosacral soft tissue mass in one cat and on a tissue punch biopsy of a skin lesion in the other; interferon-gamma release assay inferred M. avium-complex and M. tuberculosis-complex infection in the two cats, respectively. Both patients made a full recovery following antimicrobial therapy with rifampicin, azithromycin, and pradofloxacin (plus N-acetyl cysteine in cat 2). This report highlights successful treatment of systemic M. kansasii mycobacteriosis in the cat and the challenge of accurately diagnosing this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Černá
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, CO 80528, USA;
- The University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jordan L. Mitchell
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK; (J.L.); (P.C.); (D.A.G.-M.)
| | - Joanna Lodzinska
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK; (J.L.); (P.C.); (D.A.G.-M.)
| | - Paola Cazzini
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK; (J.L.); (P.C.); (D.A.G.-M.)
| | - Katarina Varjonen
- AniCura Djursjukhuset Albano, Rinkebyvägen 21A, 182 36 Danderyd, Sweden;
| | - Danièlle A. Gunn-Moore
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK; (J.L.); (P.C.); (D.A.G.-M.)
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Evidences on Molecules Most Frequently Included in Canine and Feline Complementary Feed to Support Liver Function. Vet Med Int 2020; 2020:9185759. [PMID: 32454964 PMCID: PMC7232710 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9185759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous complementary feeds to support liver function are commercially available for small animals. Aiming to furnish a scientific support for clinicians/nutritionists that necessitate a complementary feed to support liver function in dogs and cats, with the present paper, we analyzed scientific evidences supporting the use, for this purpose, of ingredients/additives such as artichoke (Cynara scolymus), curcumin, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), milk thistle (Silybum marianum), phosphatidylcholine, and S-adenosylmethionine. Although sustained by significant results, our review found only few scientific papers, and albeit we believe that they represent a significant aid in handling hepatopathies, in the authors' opinion, this topic probably deserves, and would benefit of, further studies.
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Dirksen K, Spee B, Penning LC, van den Ingh TSGAM, Burgener IA, Watson AL, Groot Koerkamp M, Rothuizen J, van Steenbeek FG, Fieten H. Gene expression patterns in the progression of canine copper-associated chronic hepatitis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176826. [PMID: 28459846 PMCID: PMC5411060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace element, but can become toxic when present in abundance. The severe effects of copper-metabolism imbalance are illustrated by the inherited disorders Wilson disease and Menkes disease. The Labrador retriever dog breed is a novel non-rodent model for copper-storage disorders carrying mutations in genes known to be involved in copper transport. Besides disease initiation and progression of copper accumulation, the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in progression towards copper-associated chronic hepatitis still remain unclear. Using expression levels of targeted candidate genes as well as transcriptome micro-arrays in liver tissue of Labrador retrievers in different stages of copper-associated hepatitis, pathways involved in progression of the disease were studied. At the initial phase of increased hepatic copper levels, transcriptomic alterations in livers mainly revealed enrichment for cell adhesion, developmental, inflammatory, and cytoskeleton pathways. Upregulation of targeted MT1A and COMMD1 mRNA shows the liver's first response to rising intrahepatic copper concentrations. In livers with copper-associated hepatitis mainly an activation of inflammatory pathways is detected. Once the hepatitis is in the chronic stage, transcriptional differences are found in cell adhesion adaptations and cytoskeleton remodelling. In view of the high similarities in copper-associated hepatopathies between men and dog extrapolation of these dog data into human biomedicine seems feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Dirksen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C. Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Iwan A. Burgener
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department für Kleintiere und Pferde, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank G. van Steenbeek
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Mizutani S, Torisu S, Kaneko Y, Yamamoto S, Fujimoto S, Ong BHE, Naganobu K. Retrospective analysis of canine gallbladder contents in biliary sludge and gallbladder mucoceles. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 79:366-374. [PMID: 27990011 PMCID: PMC5326943 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of canine gallbladder diseases, including biliary sludge, gallbladder
mucoceles and gallstones, is poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the component
of gallbladder contents and bacterial infection of the gallbladder in order to elucidate
the pathophysiology of biliary sludge and gallbladder mucoceles. A total of 43 samples of
canine gallbladder contents (biliary sludge, 21 and gallbladder mucoceles, 22) were
subjected to component analysis by infrared spectroscopy, and the resultant infrared
spectra were compared with that of swine mucin. Of the 43 samples, 41 were also evaluated
by aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture. The contents of 20 (95.2%) biliary sludge and
22 (100%) gallbladder mucocele samples exhibited similar infrared spectra as swine mucin.
Although biliary sludge and gallbladder mucocele contents exhibited similar infrared
spectra, one sample of biliary sludge (4.8%) was determined to be composed of proteins.
The rate of bacterial infection of the gallbladder was 10.0% for biliary sludge and 14.3%
for gallbladder mucoceles. Almost all of the identified bacterial species were intestinal
flora. These results indicate that the principal components of gallbladder contents in
both gallbladder mucoceles and biliary sludge are mucins and that both pathophysiologies
exhibit low rates of bacterial infection of the gallbladder. Therefore, it is possible
that gallbladder mucoceles and biliary sludge have the same pathophysiology, and, rather
than being independent diseases, they could possibly represent a continuous disease. Thus,
biliary sludge could be considered as the stage preceding the appearance of gallbladder
mucoceles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Mizutani
- University of Miyazaki Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Timmons RM, Webb CB. Vitamin E supplementation fails to impact measures of oxidative stress or the anaemia of feline chronic kidney disease: a randomised, double-blinded placebo control study. Vet Med Sci 2016; 2:117-124. [PMID: 29067185 PMCID: PMC5645861 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that supplementation with vitamin E, an antioxidant, in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD), would reduce oxidative stress and its impact on RBC membrane fragility, resulting in these cats maintaining a greater packed cell volume (PCV) compared with CKD cats not receiving supplementation. Thirty‐six cats with CKD were randomly assigned to receive either daily vitamin E or a placebo for 3 months in a double‐blinded study design. History and physical examination, blood pressure, complete blood count (CBC), PCV, biochemical profile and urinalysis (UA) were determined. Parameters of oxidative stress and osmotic fragility were measured. Cats were administered vitamin E or placebo once daily for 3 months. Cats were then reassessed and the diagnostics were repeated. Twenty‐four cats completed the study, 11 in the vitamin E group and 13 in the placebo group. There were no significant differences between the two groups at the start, or upon completion of the study with regard to biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, erythrocyte osmotic fragility or PCV. None of these parameters changed significantly in either group over the treatment period. Daily supplementation with 30 IU of vitamin E did not affect the measures of oxidative stress or the anaemia seen in cats with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Timmons
- Department of Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523
| | - Craig B Webb
- Department of Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523
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Abstract
Pancreatitis was considered a rare disease in the cat until a couple of decades ago when several retrospective studies of severe acute pancreatitis were published. It was apparent that few of the diagnostic tests of value in the dog were helpful in cats. With increasing clinical suspicion, availability of abdominal ultrasonography, and introduction of pancreas-specific blood tests of increasing utility, it is now accepted that acute pancreatitis is probably almost as common in cats as it is in dogs, although the etiology(s) remain more obscure. Pancreatitis in cats often co-exists with inflammatory bowel disease, less commonly with cholangitis, and sometimes with both. Additionally, pancreatitis may trigger hepatic lipidosis, while other diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, may be complicated by pancreatitis. Therapy is similar to that used in dogs, with added emphasis on early nutritional support to prevent hepatic lipidosis. Less is known about chronic pancreatitis than the acute form, but chronic pancreatitis is more common in cats than it is in dogs and may respond positively to treatment with corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jane Armstrong
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Moyer KL, Trepanier LA. Erythrocyte glutathione and plasma cysteine concentrations in young versus old dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009; 234:95-9. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.234.1.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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