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Çelen İ, Jayasinghe A, Doh JH, Sabanayagam CR. Transcriptomic Signature of the Simulated Microgravity Response in Caenorhabditis elegans and Comparison to Spaceflight Experiments. Cells 2023; 12:270. [PMID: 36672205 PMCID: PMC9856674 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the growing interest in human exploration of space, it is crucial to identify the effects of space conditions on biological processes. Here, we analyze the transcriptomic response of Caenorhabditis elegans to simulated microgravity and observe the maintained transcriptomic response after returning to ground conditions for four, eight, and twelve days. We show that 75% of the simulated microgravity-induced changes on gene expression persist after returning to ground conditions for four days while most of these changes are reverted after twelve days. Our results from integrative RNA-seq and mass spectrometry analyses suggest that simulated microgravity affects longevity-regulating insulin/IGF-1 and sphingolipid signaling pathways. Finally, we identified 118 genes that are commonly differentially expressed in simulated microgravity- and space-exposed worms. Overall, this work provides insight into the effect of microgravity on biological systems during and after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrem Çelen
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Aroshan Jayasinghe
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Jung H. Doh
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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2
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Chua D, Low ZS, Cheam GX, Ng AS, Tan NS. Utility of Human Relevant Preclinical Animal Models in Navigating NAFLD to MAFLD Paradigm. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314762. [PMID: 36499091 PMCID: PMC9737809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is an emerging contributor to disease burden worldwide. The past decades of work established the heterogeneous nature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) etiology and systemic contributions to the pathogenesis of the disease. This called for the proposal of a redefinition in 2020 to that of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to better reflect the current understanding of the disease. To date, several clinical cohort studies comparing NAFLD and MAFLD hint at the relevancy of the new nomenclature in enriching for patients with more severe hepatic injury and extrahepatic comorbidities. However, the underlying systemic pathogenesis is still not fully understood. Preclinical animal models have been imperative in elucidating key biological mechanisms in various contexts, including intrahepatic disease progression, interorgan crosstalk and systemic dysregulation. Furthermore, they are integral in developing novel therapeutics against MAFLD. However, substantial contextual variabilities exist across different models due to the lack of standardization in several aspects. As such, it is crucial to understand the strengths and weaknesses of existing models to better align them to the human condition. In this review, we consolidate the implications arising from the change in nomenclature and summarize MAFLD pathogenesis. Subsequently, we provide an updated evaluation of existing MAFLD preclinical models in alignment with the new definitions and perspectives to improve their translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Chua
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (N.S.T.); Tel.: +65-63162941 (N.S.T.); Fax: +65-67913856 (N.S.T.)
| | - Zun Siong Low
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Guo Xiang Cheam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Aik Seng Ng
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (N.S.T.); Tel.: +65-63162941 (N.S.T.); Fax: +65-67913856 (N.S.T.)
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Gołacki J, Matuszek M, Matyjaszek-Matuszek B. Link between Insulin Resistance and Obesity—From Diagnosis to Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071681. [PMID: 35885586 PMCID: PMC9321808 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) has become a common health issue in medical practice. There are no detailed data on IR prevalence, but it is an increasing problem due to its close association with obesity. However, IR is not considered as a separate nosological entity and the diagnostic criteria are not well defined, which leads to overdiagnosis of IR and an inappropriate approach. This review aims to summarize the available literature on IR pathophysiology, its relationship with obesity, as well as diagnostic methods, clinical presentation and treatment. Excessive energy intake results in cell overload that triggers mechanisms to protect cells from further energy accumulation by reducing insulin sensitivity. Additionally, hypertrophied adipocytes and macrophage infiltration causes local inflammation that may result in general inflammation that induces IR. The clinical picture varies from skin lesions (e.g., acanthosis nigricans) to metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus or metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. There are numerous IR laboratory markers with varying sensitivities and specificities. Nutrition changes and regular physical activity are crucial for IR management because a reduction in adipose tissue may reverse the inflammatory state and consequently reduce the severity of insulin resistance. In cases of obesity, anti-obesity medications can be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Gołacki
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Małgorzata Matuszek
- Student’s Scientific Society at the Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Beata Matyjaszek-Matuszek
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
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The Potential Effect of Rhizoma coptidis on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5577610. [PMID: 34306142 PMCID: PMC8282388 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5577610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Rhizoma coptidis (RC) showed a significant effect on PCOS, but its mechanism in PCOS remains unclear. Methods The components of RC were searched by TCMSP. The Smiles number of the active ingredients was queried through PubChem, and the predicted targets were obtained from the SwissTargetPrediction database. The DrugBank, GeneCards, and DisGeNET databases were retrieved to acquire the related targets of PCOS. Then, the network of compound-target was constructed. The core targets were analyzed using protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and the binding activities were verified by molecular docking. The enriched pathways of key targets were examined by GO and KEGG. Results 13 components and 250 targets of RC on PCOS were screened. The core network was filtered based on topological parameters, and the key components were palmatine, berberine, berberrubine, quercetin, and epiberberine. The key targets included DRD2, SLC6A4, CDK2, DPP4, ESR1, AKT2, PGR, and AKT1. Molecular docking displayed that the active ingredients of RC had good binding activities with potential targets of PCOS. After enrichment analysis, 30 functional pathways were obtained, including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, dopaminergic synapse, and cAMP signaling pathway. Conclusion In summary, this study clarified the potential effect of RC on PCOS, which is helpful to provide references for clinical practice. It is also conducive to the secondary development of RC and its monomer components.
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Leung YH, Kenéz Á, Grob AJ, Feige K, Warnken T. Associations of plasma sphingolipid profiles with insulin response during oral glucose testing in Icelandic horses. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2009-2018. [PMID: 34105193 PMCID: PMC8295691 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingolipids modulate insulin sensitivity in mammals. Increased synthesis of ceramides is linked to decreased insulin sensitivity of tissues. Conversely, activation of the insulin signaling pathway can downregulate ceramide synthesis. Elucidating the association between sphingolipid metabolism and insulin response during oral glucose testing may help explain the pathophysiology of insulin dysregulation in horses. HYPOTHESES Horses with insulin dysregulation will have a plasma sphingolipid profile characterized by increased ceramide concentrations. The plasma sphingolipid profile will have decreased ceramide concentrations after acute activation of the insulin signaling pathway by oral glucose testing. ANIMALS Twelve Icelandic horses. METHODS Horses were subjected to an oral glucose test (0.5 g/kg body weight glucose), with plasma insulin concentrations measured at 0, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes postglucose administration. Plasma samples were collected at 0 and 120 minutes for sphingolipid profiling using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis. Eighty-three species of sphingolipids were detected, including 3-ketosphinganines, dihydroceramides, ceramides, dihydrosphingomyelins, sphingomyelins, galatosylceramides, glucosylceramides, lactosylceramides, and ceramide-1-phosphates. RESULTS Glucose administration did not significantly alter plasma sphingolipid profiles. C22:0-ceramide, C24:1-ceramide, C23:0-ceramide, C16:1-sphingomyelin, C22:0-dihydroceramide, and C24:0-ceramide were positively correlated with the insulin response (area under the curve). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Positive correlation between the insulin response and sphingolipid concentrations implies upregulated sphingolipid metabolism in insulin dysregulated horses. A high plasma ceramide concentration can indicate insulin dysregulation in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hei Leung
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public HealthCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong
| | - Ákos Kenéz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public HealthCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong
| | - Anne Julia Grob
- Clinic for HorsesUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, FoundationHanoverGermany
| | - Karsten Feige
- Clinic for HorsesUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, FoundationHanoverGermany
| | - Tobias Warnken
- Clinic for HorsesUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, FoundationHanoverGermany
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6
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Lee YI, Leem YH. Acid sphingomyelinase inhibition alleviates muscle damage in gastrocnemius after acute strenuous exercise. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2019; 23:1-6. [PMID: 31337198 PMCID: PMC6651648 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2019.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Strenuous exercise often induces skeletal muscle damage, which results in impaired performance. Sphingolipid metabolism contributes to various cellular processes, including apoptosis, stress response, and inflammation. However, the relationship between exercise-induced muscle damage and ceramide (a key component of sphingolipid metabolism), is rarely studied. The present study aimed to explore the regulatory role of sphingolipid metabolism in exercise-induced muscle damage. [Methods] Mice were subjected to strenuous exercise by treadmill running with gradual increase in intensity. The blood and gastrocnemius muscles (white and red portion) were collected immediately after and 24 h post exercise. For 3 days, imipramine was intraperitoneally injected 1 h prior to treadmill running. [Results] Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and serum creatine kinase (CK) levels were enhanced immediately after and 24 h post exercise (relative to those of resting), respectively. Acidic sphingomyelinase (A-SMase) protein expression in gastrocnemius muscles was significantly augmented by exercise, unlike, serine palmitoyltransferase-1 (SPT-1) and neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) expressions. Furthermore, imipramine (a selective A-SMase inhibitor) treatment reduced the exercise-induced CK and IL-6 elevations, along with a decrease in cleaved caspase-3 (Cas-3) of gastrocnemius muscles. [Conclusion] We found the crucial role of A-SMase in exercise-induced muscle damage.
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Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Łukaszuk B, Maciejczyk M, Ostrowska L, Zalewska A, Chabowski A, Kurek K. High-fat, high-protein, and high-carbohydrate diets affect sphingolipid profile in pancreatic steatosis in Wistar rats. Nutrition 2019; 60:197-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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8
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Grycel S, Markowski AR, Hady HR, Zabielski P, Kojta I, Imierska M, Górski J, Blachnio-Zabielska AU. Metformin treatment affects adipocytokine secretion and lipid composition in adipose tissues of diet-induced insulin-resistant rats. Nutrition 2019; 63-64:126-133. [PMID: 30959381 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adipose tissue plays a central role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. However, the molecular changes that promote these diseases are not completely understood. Several studies demonstrated that ceramide (Cer) and diacylglycerol (DAG) accumulation in muscle is associated with IR. The aim of this study was to explain whether a high-fat diet (HFD) leads to bioactive lipid accumulation in adipose tissue and how metformin affects the lipid content in adipocytes and the concentration of plasma adipocytokines. METHODS The experiments were conducted on male Wistar rats divided into three groups: control, HFD-fed, and HFD-fed and treated with metformin. Cer and DAGs were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was analyzed by Western blot. Oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests were also performed. Plasma adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentration were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS HFD induced IR and elevated DAGs and Cer content in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues, which was accompanied by an increased phosphorylation of HSL. Metformin improved insulin sensitivity, decreased Cer and DAG levels, and attenuated the phosphorylation of HSL in both fat depots. Furthermore, we observed a strong correlation between adiponectin (negative) and TNF-α (positive) and bioactive lipids in both fat tissues. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that bioactive lipids accumulation in adipose tissue influences the induction of IR and, at least in part, answered the question of what the insulin-sensitizing effect of metformin at the level of adipose tissue is.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam R Markowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Polish Red Cross Memorial Municipal Hospital, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Hady Razak Hady
- 1st Department of General Surgery and Endocrinology, Medical University Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Iwona Kojta
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Imierska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Górski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, Lomza, Poland
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9
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Blachnio-Zabielska AU, Hady HR, Markowski AR, Kurianiuk A, Karwowska A, Górski J, Zabielski P. Inhibition of Ceramide De Novo Synthesis Affects Adipocytokine Secretion and Improves Systemic and Adipose Tissue Insulin Sensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123995. [PMID: 30545025 PMCID: PMC6321500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide accumulation in muscle and in liver is implicated in the induction of insulin resistance. Much less in known about the role of ceramide in adipose tissue. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of ceramide in adipose tissue and to clarify whether lipids participate in the regulation of adipocytokine secretion. The experiments were performed on male Wistar rats divided into three groups: 1. Control, 2. fed high fat diet (HFD), and 3. fed HFD and treated with myriocin. Ceramide (Cer) and diacylglycerol (DAG) content were analyzed by LC/MS/MS. Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) phosphorylation was analyzed by Western Blot. Plasma adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) concentration were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) was also performed. In HFD group, total DAG and Cer content was elevated in both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, which was accompanied by increased glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR value. Myriocin treatment restored HOMA-IR as well as glucose and insulin concentration to control values. Moreover, myriocin decreased not only Cer, but also DAG levels in both fat depots. Furthermore, we observed a strong correlation between adiponectin (negative) and TNF-α (positive) and Cer in both fat tissues, which suggests that Cer is involved in the regulation of adipocytokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka U Blachnio-Zabielska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Hady Razak Hady
- 1st Department of General Surgery and Endocrinology, Medical University Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Adam R Markowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Polish Red Cross Memorial Municipal Hospital, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Adam Kurianiuk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Alicja Karwowska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Jan Górski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, 18-400 Lomza, Poland.
| | - Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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10
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Cordeiro AV, Silva VRR, Pauli JR, da Silva ASR, Cintra DE, Moura LP, Ropelle ER. The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate in skeletal muscle: Physiology, mechanisms, and clinical perspectives. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10047-10059. [PMID: 30523638 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids were discovered more than a century ago and were simply considered as a class of cell membrane lipids for a long time. However, after the discovery of several intracellular functions and their role in the control of many physiological and pathophysiological conditions, these molecules have gained much attention. For instance, the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a circulating bioactive sphingolipid capable of triggering strong intracellular reactions through the family of S1P receptors (S1PRs) spread in several cell types and tissues. Recently, the role of S1P in the control of skeletal muscle metabolism, atrophy, regeneration, and metabolic disorders has been widely investigated. In this review, we summarized the knowledge of S1P and its effects in skeletal muscle metabolism, highlighting the role of S1P/S1PRs axis in skeletal muscle regeneration, fatigue, ceramide accumulation, and insulin resistance. Finally, we discussed the physical exercise role in S1P/S1PRs signaling in skeletal muscle cells, and how this nonpharmacological strategy may be prospective for future investigations due to its ability to increase S1P levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- André V Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vagner R R Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Applied Sciences, Center of Research in Sport Sciences (CEPECE), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics (LabGeN), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro P Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Applied Sciences, Center of Research in Sport Sciences (CEPECE), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Applied Sciences, Center of Research in Sport Sciences (CEPECE), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hebbar P, Nizam R, Melhem M, Alkayal F, Elkum N, John SE, Tuomilehto J, Alsmadi O, Thanaraj TA. Genome-wide association study identifies novel recessive genetic variants for high TGs in an Arab population. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1951-1966. [PMID: 30108155 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p080218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal blood lipid levels are influenced by genetic and lifestyle/dietary factors. Although many genetic variants associated with blood lipid traits have been identified in Europeans, similar data in Middle Eastern populations are limited. We performed a genome-wide association study with Arab individuals (discovery cohort: 1,353; replication cohort: 1,176) from Kuwait to identify possible associations of genetic variants with high lipid levels. We used Illumina HumanOmniExpress BeadChip and candidate SNP genotyping in the discovery and replication phases, respectively. For association tests, we used genetic models that were based on additive and recessive modes of inheritance. High triglycerides (TGs) were recessively associated with six risk variants (rs1002487/RPS6KA1, rs11805972/LAD1) rs7761746/Or5v1, rs39745/CTTNBP2-LSM8, rs2934952/PGAP3, and rs9626773/RP11-191L9.4-CERK) at genome-wide significance (P 6.12E-09), and another six variants (rs10873925/ST6GALNAC5, rs4663379/SPP2-ARL4C, rs10033119/NPY1R, rs17709449/LINC00911-FLRT2, rs11654954/CDK12-NEUROD2, and rs9972882/STARD3) were associated at borderline significance (P 5.0E-08). High TG was also additively associated with rs11654954. All of the 12 identified markers are novel and are harbored in runs of homozygosity. Literature evidence supports the involvement of these gene loci in lipid-related processes. This study in an Arab population augments international efforts to identify genetic regulation of lipid traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashantha Hebbar
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait.,Faculty of Medicine, Univerisity of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Naser Elkum
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
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12
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Zabielski P, Daniluk J, Hady HR, Markowski AR, Imierska M, Górski J, Blachnio-Zabielska AU. The effect of high-fat diet and inhibition of ceramide production on insulin action in liver. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1851-1861. [PMID: 30067865 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver, as one of the most important organs involved in lipids and glucose metabolism, is perceived as a key tissue for pharmacotherapy of insulin resistance (IRes) and type 2 diabetes. Ceramides (Cer) are biologically active lipids, which accumulation is associated with the induction of muscle IRes. We sought to determine the role of intrahepatic bioactive lipids production on insulin action in liver of insulin-resistant rats and after myriocin administration. The experiments were conducted on male Wistar rats divided into three groups: Control, fed high-fat diet (HFD), and fed HFD and treated with myriocin (HFD/Myr). Before sacrifice, the animals were infused with a [U-13 C]palmitate to calculate lipid synthesis rate by means of tracer incorporation technique in particular lipid groups. Liver Cer, diacylglycerols (DAG), acyl-carnitine concentration, and isotopic enrichment were analyzed by LC/MS/MS. Proteins involved in lipid metabolism and insulin pathway were analyzed by western blot analysis. An OGTT and ITT was also performed. HFD-induced IRes and increased both the synthesis rate and the content of DAG and Cer, which was accompanied by inhibition of an insulin pathway. Interestingly, myriocin treatment reduced synthesis rate not only of Cer but also DAG and improved insulin sensitivity. We conclude that the insulin-sensitizing action of myriocin in the liver is a result of the lack of inhibitory effect of lipids on the insulin pathway, due to the reduction of their synthesis rate. This is the first study showing how the synthesis rate of individual lipid groups in liver changes after myriocin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jarosław Daniluk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Hady Razak Hady
- 1st Department of General Surgery and Endocrinology, Medical University Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam R Markowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Polish Red Cross Memorial Municipal Hospital, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Imierska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Górski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, Lomza, Poland
| | - Agnieszka U Blachnio-Zabielska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Babaev EA, Balmasova IP, Mkrtumyan AM, Kostryukova SN, Vakhitova ES, Il'ina EN, Tsarev VN, Gabibov AG, Arutyunov SD. Metagenomic Analysis of Gingival Sulcus Microbiota and Pathogenesis of Periodontitis Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 163:718-721. [PMID: 29063339 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3888-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm of the gingival sulcus from 22 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis, 30 patients with periodontitis not complicated by diabetes mellitus (reference group), and 22 healthy volunteers without signs of gingival disease (control group) was studied by quantitative PCR. Quantitative analysis for the content of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, A. ctinomycetemcomitans, T. denticola, P. intermedia, F. nucleatum/periodonticum, and P. endodontalis in the dental plaque was performed with a Dentoscreen kit. The presence of other bacterial groups was verified by metagenomic sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to evaluate some specific features of the etiological factor for periodontitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Specimens of the Porphiromonadaceae and Fusobacteriaceae families were characterized by an extremely high incidence in combined pathology. The amount of Sphingobacteriaceae bacteria in the biofilm was shown to decrease significantly during periodontitis. Metagenomic analysis confirmed the pathogenic role of microbiota in combined pathology, as well as the hypothesis on a possible influence of periodontitis on the course and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Babaev
- A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - I P Balmasova
- A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Mkrtumyan
- A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - S N Kostryukova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Vakhitova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - E N Il'ina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - V N Tsarev
- A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A G Gabibov
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S D Arutyunov
- A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Garbowska M, Łukaszuk B, Mikłosz A, Wróblewski I, Kurek K, Ostrowska L, Chabowski A, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Zalewska A. Sphingolipids metabolism in the salivary glands of rats with obesity and streptozotocin induced diabetes. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2766-2775. [PMID: 28369933 PMCID: PMC5518447 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is considered a major public health problem affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Remarkably, scientific reports regarding salivary glands sphingolipid metabolism in diabetes are virtually non‐existent. This is odd given the well‐established link between the both in other tissues (e.g., skeletal muscles, liver) and the key role of these glands in oral health preservation. The aim of this paper is to examine sphingolipids metabolism in the salivary glands in (pre)diabetes (evoked by high fat diet feeding or streptozotocin). Wistar rats were allocated into three groups: control, HFD‐, or STZ‐diabetes. The content of major sphingolipid classes in the parotid (PSG) and submandibular (SMSG) glands was assessed via chromatography. Additionally, Western blot analyses were employed for the evaluation of key sphingolipid signaling pathway enzyme levels. No changes in ceramide content in the PSG were found, whereas an increase in ceramide concentration for SMSG of the STZ group was observed. This was accompanied by an elevation in SPT1 level. Probably also sphingomyelin hydrolysis was increased in the SMSG of the STZ‐diabetic rats, since we observed a significant drop in the amount of SM. PSG and SMSG respond differently to (pre)diabetes, with clearer pattern presented by the later gland. An activation of sphingomyelin signaling pathway was observed in the course of STZ‐diabetes, that is, metabolic condition with rapid onset/progression. Whereas, chronic HFD lead to an inhibition of sphingomyelin signaling pathway in the salivary glands (manifested in an inhibition of ceramide de novo synthesis and accumulation of S1P).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garbowska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Łukaszuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Igor Wróblewski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kurek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Lucyna Ostrowska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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15
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Batova A, Altomare D, Creek KE, Naviaux RK, Wang L, Li K, Green E, Williams R, Naviaux JC, Diccianni M, Yu AL. Englerin A induces an acute inflammatory response and reveals lipid metabolism and ER stress as targetable vulnerabilities in renal cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172632. [PMID: 28296891 PMCID: PMC5351975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is among the top ten most common forms of cancer and is the most common malignancy of the kidney. Clear cell renal carcinoma (cc-RCC), the most common type of RCC, is one of the most refractory cancers with an incidence that is on the rise. Screening of plant extracts in search of new anti-cancer agents resulted in the discovery of englerin A, a guaiane sesquiterpene with potent cytotoxicity against renal cancer cells and a small subset of other cancer cells. Though a few cellular targets have been identified for englerin A, it is still not clear what mechanisms account for the cytotoxicity of englerin A in RCC, which occurs at concentrations well below those used to engage the targets previously identified. Unlike any prior study, the current study used a systems biology approach to explore the mechanism(s) of action of englerin A. Metabolomics analyses indicated that englerin A profoundly altered lipid metabolism by 24 h in cc-RCC cell lines and generated significant levels of ceramides that were highly toxic to these cells. Microarray analyses determined that englerin A induced ER stress signaling and an acute inflammatory response, which was confirmed by quantitative PCR and Western Blot analyses. Additionally, fluorescence confocal microscopy revealed that englerin A at 25 nM disrupted the morphology of the ER confirming the deleterious effect of englerin A on the ER. Collectively, our findings suggest that cc-RCC is highly sensitive to disruptions in lipid metabolism and ER stress and that these vulnerabilities can be targeted for the treatment of cc-RCC and possibly other lipid storing cancers. Furthermore, our results suggest that ceramides may be a mediator of some of the actions of englerin A. Lastly, the acute inflammatory response induced by englerin A may mediate anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Batova
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Diego Altomare
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kim E. Creek
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert K. Naviaux
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Lin Wang
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Kefeng Li
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Erica Green
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Richard Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jane C. Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Mitchell Diccianni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Alice L. Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Mechanistic interplay between ceramide and insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41231. [PMID: 28112248 PMCID: PMC5253739 DOI: 10.1038/srep41231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research adds to a growing body of literature on the essential role of ceramides in glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling, while the mechanistic interplay between various components of ceramide metabolism remains to be quantified. We present an extended model of C16:0 ceramide production through both the de novo synthesis and the salvage pathways. We verify our model with a combination of published models and independent experimental data. In silico experiments of the behavior of ceramide and related bioactive lipids in accordance with the observed transcriptomic changes in obese/diabetic murine macrophages at 5 and 16 weeks support the observation of insulin resistance only at the later phase. Our analysis suggests the pivotal role of ceramide synthase, serine palmitoyltransferase and dihydroceramide desaturase involved in the de novo synthesis and the salvage pathways in influencing insulin resistance versus its regulation.
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Lukaszuk B, Miklosz A, Zendzian-Piotrowska M, Wojcik B, Gorski J, Chabowski A. Changes in the Diaphragm Lipid Content after Administration of Streptozotocin and High-Fat Diet Regime. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:3437169. [PMID: 29234684 PMCID: PMC5694988 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3437169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped skeletal muscle indispensable for breathing. Its activity contributes up to 70% of the total ventilatory function at rest. In comparison to other skeletal muscles, it is distinguished by an oxidative phenotype and uninterrupted cyclic contraction pattern. Surprisingly, the research regarding diaphragm diabetic phenotype particularly in the light of lipid-induced insulin resistance is virtually nonexistent. Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups: control, streptozotocin-induced (STZ) type-1 diabetes, and rodents fed with high-fat diet (HFD). Additionally, half of the animals from each group were administered with myriocin, a robust, selective inhibitor of ceramide synthesis and, therefore, a potent agent ameliorating insulin resistance. Diaphragm lipid contents were evaluated using chromatography. Fatty acid transporter expression was determined by Western blot. The STZ and HFD rats had increased concentration of lipids, namely, ceramides (CER) and diacylglycerols (DAG). Interestingly, this coincided with an increased concentration of long-chain (C ≥ 16) saturated fatty acid species present in both the aforementioned lipid fractions. The CER/DAG accumulation was accompanied by an elevated fatty acid transporter expression (FATP-1 in HFD and FATP-4 in STZ). Surprisingly, we observed a significantly decreased triacylglycerol content in the diaphragms of STZ-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Lukaszuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Miklosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Beata Wojcik
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Gorski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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18
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A mitochondrial-targeted ubiquinone modulates muscle lipid profile and improves mitochondrial respiration in obesogenic diet-fed rats. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1155-66. [PMID: 26856891 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515005528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome components including abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance is increasing in both developed and developing countries. It is generally accepted that the development of these features is preceded by, or accompanied with, impaired mitochondrial function. The present study was designed to analyse the effects of a mitochondrial-targeted lipophilic ubiquinone (MitoQ) on muscle lipid profile modulation and mitochondrial function in obesogenic diet-fed rats. For this purpose, twenty-four young male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups and fed one of the following diets: (1) control, (2) high fat (HF) and (3) HF+MitoQ. After 8 weeks, mitochondrial function markers and lipid metabolism/profile modifications in skeletal muscle were measured. The HF diet was effective at inducing the major features of the metabolic syndrome--namely, obesity, hepatic enlargement and glucose intolerance. MitoQ intake prevented the increase in rat body weight, attenuated the increase in adipose tissue and liver weights and partially reversed glucose intolerance. At the muscle level, the HF diet induced moderate TAG accumulation associated with important modifications in the muscle phospholipid classes and in the fatty acid composition of total muscle lipid. These lipid modifications were accompanied with decrease in mitochondrial respiration. MitoQ intake corrected the lipid alterations and restored mitochondrial respiration. These results indicate that MitoQ protected obesogenic diet-fed rats from some features of the metabolic syndrome through its effects on muscle lipid metabolism and mitochondrial activity. These findings suggest that MitoQ is a promising candidate for future human trials in the metabolic syndrome prevention.
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19
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de la Maza MP, Rodriguez JM, Hirsch S, Leiva L, Barrera G, Bunout D. Skeletal muscle ceramide species in men with abdominal obesity. J Nutr Health Aging 2015; 19:389-96. [PMID: 25809802 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-014-0548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for diabetes and its consequences, including accelerated ageing and mortality. The underlying factor could be accumulation of certain lipid moieties, such as ceramides (CER) and diacylgycerol (DAG) within muscle tissue, which are known to promote insulin resistance (IR), induce inflammation and oxidative injury, ultimately altering muscle function. AIM First, to study the relationship between body composition and age (independent variables) with skeletal muscle accumulation of lipid species, oxidative injury and strength. Second, to analyze the relationship between muscle tissue metabolites and insulin resistance, inflammation and lymphocyte telomere length, the latter as an indicator of ageing. METHODOLOGY The sample included 56 healthy sedentary males, scheduled for inguinal hernia surgery, aged 27 to 80 y. Each individual was subject to anthropometric measurements, body composition assessment through radiologic densitometry (DEXA), measurement of handgrip and quadriceps strength, serum biochemical parameters (lipoproteins, creatinine, high sensitivity C reactive protein [hsCRP], fasting and post glucose insulin and glucose concentrations for calculation of IR through the Matsuda and HOMA-IR indexes), and extraction of peripheral leukocytes for measurement of telomere length. During the surgical procedure, a sample of muscle tissue was obtained (anterior abdominal oblique) in order to measure CER and DAG (and sub species according to chain length and saturation) by mass spectrometry, 4 hydroxy-2-nonenal adducts (4-HNE) using electron microscopy immunohistochemistry, and carboxymethyl-lisine (CML) by immunohistochemistry, the latter as indicators of oxidative stress (OS). RESULTS Body mass index (BMI) of twenty six individuals was > 25 k/m2, while BMI of 7 was > 30 k/m2. Overweight/obese individuals, did not exhibit differences in skeletal muscle lipid metabolites, however total CER and specific long chain CER sub-species (20 and 22 carbon) increased significantly among individuals with a central fat distribution (n = 14) as well as in glucose intolerant subjects (n =23). A negative association was found between mononuclear leukocyte telomere length and 20 and 22 carbon CER (rho = - 0.4 and -0.5 0 p < 0.05). Muscle strength was not associated with any of the measured muscle metabolites or markers of OS. A multiple regression analysis accepted central abdominal fat and telomere length as significant predictors of CER (R2 = 0.28). CONCLUSIONS An association was found between accumulation of specific ceramide species in muscle tissue and abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance and shortening of leukocyte telomeres, although not with muscle oxidative injury or dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P de la Maza
- Maria Pia de la Maza, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Human Nutrition, El Libano 5524, Santiago, 7830490, Chile, Tel: 56229781502, mobile: 56988894245, Fax: 56222214030,
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20
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Cutler RG, Thompson KW, Camandola S, Mack KT, Mattson MP. Sphingolipid metabolism regulates development and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mech Ageing Dev 2014; 143-144:9-18. [PMID: 25437839 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a highly conserved lipid component of cell membranes involved in the formation of lipid raft domains that house many of the receptors and cell-to-cell signaling factors involved in regulating cell division, maturation, and terminal differentiation. By measuring and manipulating sphingolipid metabolism using pharmacological and genetic tools in Caenorhabditis elegans, we provide evidence that the synthesis and remodeling of specific ceramides (e.g., dC18:1-C24:1), gangliosides (e.g., GM1-C24:1), and sphingomyelins (e.g., dC18:1-C18:1) influence development rate and lifespan. We found that the levels of fatty acid chain desaturation and elongation in many sphingolipid species increased during development and aging, with no such changes in developmentally-arrested dauer larvae or normal adults after food withdrawal (an anti-aging intervention). Pharmacological inhibitors and small interfering RNAs directed against serine palmitoyl transferase and glucosylceramide synthase acted to slow development rate, extend the reproductive period, and increase lifespan. In contrast, worms fed an egg yolk diet rich in sphingolipids exhibited accelerated development and reduced lifespan. Our findings demonstrate that sphingolipid accumulation and remodeling are critical events that determine development rate and lifespan in the nematode model, with both development rate and aging being accelerated by the synthesis of sphingomyelin, and its metabolism to ceramides and gangliosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy G Cutler
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kenneth W Thompson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kendra T Mack
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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21
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Cordeiro FB, Cataldi TR, do Vale Teixeira da Costa L, de Lima CB, Stevanato J, Zylbersztejn DS, Ferreira CR, Eberlin MN, Cedenho AP, Turco EGL. Follicular fluid lipid fingerprinting from women with PCOS and hyper response during IVF treatment. J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 32:45-54. [PMID: 25374394 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine-metabolic disorder that leads to lower natural reproductive potential and presents a challenge for assisted reproductive medicine because patients may exhibit immature oocyte retrieval and a higher risk of ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. This study aimed to identify potential lipid biomarkers for women with PCOS and a hyper response to controlled ovarian stimulation. METHODS Follicular fluid samples were collected from patients who underwent IVF, including normal responder women who became pregnant (control group, n = 11), women with PCOS and a hyper response to gonadotropins (PCOS group, n = 7) and women with only hyper response to gonadotropins (HR group, n = 7). A lipidomic analysis was performed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and candidate biomarkers were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry experiment. RESULTS The lipid profiles indicated particularities related to differences in phosphatidylcholine (PCOS and HR), phosphatidylserine, phosphatydilinositol and phosphatidylglycerol (control), sphingolipids (PCOS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (control and HR). CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with lipid metabolism in the PCOS-related hyper response, and strongly suggest that these lipids may be useful as biomarkers, leading to the development of more individualized treatment for pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Bertuccez Cordeiro
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, R Embau, 231, 04039-060, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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22
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Klein RL, Hammad SM, Baker NL, Hunt KJ, Al Gadban MM, Cleary PA, Virella G, Lopes-Virella MF. Decreased plasma levels of select very long chain ceramide species are associated with the development of nephropathy in type 1 diabetes. Metabolism 2014; 63:1287-95. [PMID: 25088746 PMCID: PMC5894336 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sphingolipid metabolism is altered in diabetes and we analyzed the plasma concentrations of sphingolipid species to investigate their association with the development of albuminuria in type 1 patients with diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples were collected from 497 type 1 diabetic patients during their enrollment into the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). We determined plasma concentrations of multiple ceramide species and individual sphingoid bases and their phosphates using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and investigated their association with the development of albuminuria during 14-20 years of follow-up. RESULTS Patients exhibited normal albumin excretion rates (AER <40 mg/24h) at the time of plasma sampling. Although the majority of patients (N = 291; 59%) exhibited normal levels of albuminuria throughout follow-up, 141 patients (28%) progressed to microalbuminuria (40 mg/24h ≤ AER<300 mg/24h), while 65 (13%) progressed to macroalbuminuria (AER ≥ 300 mg/24h). To test the association of log transformed plasma sphingolipid level with the development of albuminuria, generalized logistic regression models were used where normal, micro- and macroalbuminuria were the outcomes of interest. Models were adjusted for DCCT treatment group, baseline retinopathy, gender, baseline HbA1c %, age, AER, lipid levels, diabetes duration, and the use of ACE/ARB drugs. Increased plasma levels of very long, but not long chain ceramide species measured at DCCT baseline were associated with decreased odds to develop macroalbuminuria during the subsequent nineteen years (DCCT Baseline to EDIC year 8). CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate, prospectively, that decreased plasma levels of select ceramide species are associated with the development of macroalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Klein
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Samar M Hammad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Nathaniel L Baker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kelly J Hunt
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mohammed M Al Gadban
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Patricia A Cleary
- The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gabriel Virella
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Maria F Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
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Mavros Y, Kay S, Anderberg KA, Baker MK, Wang Y, Zhao R, Meiklejohn J, Climstein M, O'Sullivan A, de Vos N, Baune BT, Blair SN, Simar D, Rooney K, Singh N, Fiatarone Singh MA. Changes in insulin resistance and HbA1c are related to exercise-mediated changes in body composition in older adults with type 2 diabetes: interim outcomes from the GREAT2DO trial. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:2372-9. [PMID: 23474589 PMCID: PMC3714491 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-2196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in body composition after 12 months of high-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) in relation to changes in insulin resistance (IR) or glucose homeostasis in older adults with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS One-hundred three participants were randomized to receive either PRT or sham exercise 3 days per week for 12 months. Homeostasis model assessment 2 of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were used as indices of IR and glucose homeostasis. Skeletal muscle mass (SkMM) and total fat mass were assessed using bioelectrical impedance. Visceral adipose tissue, mid-thigh cross-sectional area, and mid-thigh muscle attenuation were quantified using computed tomography. RESULTS Within the PRT group, changes in HOMA2-IR were associated with changes in SkMM (r = -0.38; P = 0.04) and fat mass (r = 0.42; P = 0.02). Changes in visceral adipose tissue tended to be related to changes in HOMA2-IR (r = 0.35; P = 0.07). Changes in HbA1c were related to changes in mid-thigh muscle attenuation (r = 0.52; P = 0.001). None of these relationships were present in the sham group (P > 0.05). Using ANCOVA models, participants in the PRT group who had increased SkMM had decreased HOMA2-IR (P = 0.05) and HbA1c (P = 0.09) compared with those in the PRT group who lost SkMM. Increases in SkMM in the PRT group decreased HOMA2-IR (P = 0.07) and HbA1c (P < 0.05) compared with those who had increased SkMM in the sham group. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in metabolic health in older adults with type 2 diabetes were mediated through improvements in body composition only if they were achieved through high-intensity PRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorgi Mavros
- Exercise Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Chabowski A, Zendzian-Piotrowska M, Mikłosz A, Łukaszuk B, Kurek K, Górski J. Fiber specific changes in sphingolipid metabolism in skeletal muscles of hyperthyroid rats. Lipids 2013; 48:697-704. [PMID: 23467817 PMCID: PMC3690184 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (T3, T4) are well known modulators of different cellular signals including the sphingomyelin pathway. However, studies regarding downstream effects of T3 on sphingolipid metabolism in skeletal muscle are scarce. In the present work we sought to investigate the effects of hyperthyroidism on the activity of the key enzymes of ceramide metabolism as well as the content of fundamental sphingolipids. Based on fiber/metabolic differences, we chose three different skeletal muscles, with diverse fiber compositions: soleus (slow-twitch oxidative), red (fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic) and white (fast-twitch glycolytic) section of gastrocnemius. We demonstrated that T3 induced accumulation of sphinganine, ceramide, sphingosine, as well as sphingomyelin, mostly in soleus and in red, but not white section of gastrocnemius. Concomitantly, the activity of serine palmitoyltransferase and acid/neutral ceramidase was increased in more oxidative muscles. In conclusion, hyperthyroidism induced fiber specific changes in the content of sphingolipids that were relatively more related to de novo synthesis of ceramide rather than to its generation via hydrolysis of sphingomyelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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Dekker MJ, Baker C, Naples M, Samsoondar J, Zhang R, Qiu W, Sacco J, Adeli K. Inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis improves dyslipidemia in the diet-induced hamster model of insulin resistance: evidence for the role of sphingosine and sphinganine in hepatic VLDL-apoB100 overproduction. Atherosclerosis 2013; 228:98-109. [PMID: 23466071 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids have emerged as important bioactive lipid species involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, little is known of the regulatory role of sphingolipids in dyslipidemia of insulin-resistant states. We employed hamster models of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance to investigate the role of sphingolipids in hepatic VLDL overproduction, induction of insulin resistance, and inflammation. Hamsters were fed either a control chow diet, a high fructose diet, or a diet high in fat, fructose and cholesterol (FFC diet). They were then treated for 2 weeks with vehicle or 0.3 mg/kg myriocin, a potent inhibitor of de novo sphingolipid synthesis. Both fructose and FFC feeding induced significant increases in hepatic sphinganine, which was normalized to chow-fed levels with myriocin (P < 0.05); myriocin also lowered hepatic ceramide content (P < 0.05). Plasma TG and cholesterol as well as VLDL-TG and -apoB100 were similarly reduced with myriocin treatment in all hamsters, regardless of diet. Myriocin treatment also led to improved insulin sensitivity and reduced hepatic SREBP-1c mRNA, though it did not appear to ameliorate the activation of hepatic inflammatory pathways. Importantly, direct treatment of primary hamster hepatocytes ex vivo with C2 ceramide or sphingosine led to an increased secretion of newly synthesized apoB100. Taken together, these data suggest that a) hepatic VLDL-apoB100 overproduction may be stimulated by ceramides and sphingosine and b) inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis can reduce circulating VLDL in hamsters and improve circulating lipids--an effect that is possibly due to improved insulin signaling and reduced lipogenesis but is independent of changes in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Dekker
- Molecular Structure and Function, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Górski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
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Longato L, Tong M, Wands JR, de la Monte SM. High fat diet induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance: Role of dysregulated ceramide metabolism. Hepatol Res 2012; 42:412-27. [PMID: 22176347 PMCID: PMC4096625 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2011.00934.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an insulin resistance disease that can progress to cirrhosis and liver failure. We hypothesized that in NAFLD, insulin resistance dysregulates lipid metabolism, increasing production of cytotoxic lipids including ceramides, which exacerbate hepatic insulin resistance and injury. METHODS Long Evans rats were pair-fed low (LFD) or high (HFD) fat diets for 8 weeks. Livers were used to measure lipids, gene expression, insulin receptor binding, integrity of insulin signaling, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In vitro experiments characterized effects of ceramides on Huh7 cell viability, mitochondrial function, and insulin signaling. RESULTS High fat diet feeding caused NAFLD with peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance, increased hepatic expression of pro-ceramide genes, sphingomyelinase activity, and lipid peroxidation, and increased serum ceramide. Ceramide treatment impaired Huh7 cell viability, mitochondrial function, and insulin signaling. CONCLUSIONS Increased hepatic ceramide generation and release may mediate both hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Longato
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Neurology, Divisions of Gastroenterology and Neuropathology, and the Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Cantrell Stanford J, Morris AJ, Sunkara M, Popa GJ, Larson KL, Özcan S. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:13457-64. [PMID: 22389505 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.268185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that sphingolipid metabolism is altered during type 2 diabetes. Increased levels of the sphingolipid ceramide are associated with insulin resistance. However, a role for sphingolipids in pancreatic beta cell function, or insulin production, and release remains to be established. Our studies in MIN6 cells and mouse pancreatic islets demonstrate that glucose stimulates an intracellular rise in the sphingolipid, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), whereas the levels of ceramide and sphingomyelin remain unchanged. The increase in S1P levels by glucose is due to activation of sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2). Interestingly, rises in S1P correlate with increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Decreasing S1P levels by treatment of MIN6 cells or primary islets with the sphingosine kinase inhibitor reduces GSIS. Moreover, knockdown of SphK2 alone results in decreased GSIS, whereas knockdown of the S1P phosphatase, Sgpp1, leads to a rise in GSIS. Treatment of mice with the sphingosine kinase inhibitor impairs glucose disposal due to decreased plasma insulin levels. Altogether, our data suggest that glucose activates SphK2 in pancreatic beta cells leading to a rise in S1P levels, which is important for GSIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Cantrell Stanford
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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Amati F, Dubé JJ, Alvarez-Carnero E, Edreira MM, Chomentowski P, Coen PM, Switzer GE, Bickel PE, Stefanovic-Racic M, Toledo FG, Goodpaster BH. Skeletal muscle triglycerides, diacylglycerols, and ceramides in insulin resistance: another paradox in endurance-trained athletes? Diabetes 2011; 60:2588-97. [PMID: 21873552 PMCID: PMC3178290 DOI: 10.2337/db10-1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic exercise and obesity both increase intramyocellular triglycerides (IMTGs) despite having opposing effects on insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that chronically exercise-trained muscle would be characterized by lower skeletal muscle diacylglycerols (DAGs) and ceramides despite higher IMTGs and would account for its higher insulin sensitivity. We also hypothesized that the expression of key skeletal muscle proteins involved in lipid droplet hydrolysis, DAG formation, and fatty-acid partitioning and oxidation would be associated with the lipotoxic phenotype. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 14 normal-weight, endurance-trained athletes (NWA group) and 7 normal-weight sedentary (NWS group) and 21 obese sedentary (OBS group) volunteers were studied. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by glucose clamps. IMTGs, DAGs, ceramides, and protein expression were measured in muscle biopsies. RESULTS DAG content in the NWA group was approximately twofold higher than in the OBS group and ~50% higher than in the NWS group, corresponding to higher insulin sensitivity. While certain DAG moieties clearly were associated with better insulin sensitivity, other species were not. Ceramide content was higher in insulin-resistant obese muscle. The expression of OXPAT/perilipin-5, adipose triglyceride lipase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase protein was higher in the NWA group, corresponding to a higher mitochondrial content, proportion of type 1 myocytes, IMTGs, DAGs, and insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Total myocellular DAGs were markedly higher in highly trained athletes, corresponding with higher insulin sensitivity, and suggest a more complex role for DAGs in insulin action. Our data also provide additional evidence in humans linking ceramides to insulin resistance. Finally, this study provides novel evidence supporting a role for specific skeletal muscle proteins involved in intramyocellular lipids, mitochondrial oxidative capacity, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Amati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John J. Dubé
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elvis Alvarez-Carnero
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Martin M. Edreira
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter Chomentowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Galen E. Switzer
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Perry E. Bickel
- Center for Diabetes and Obesity Research, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Maja Stefanovic-Racic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Frederico G.S. Toledo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Corresponding author: Bret H. Goodpaster,
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de la Monte SM, Tong M, Nguyen V, Setshedi M, Longato L, Wands JR. Ceramide-mediated insulin resistance and impairment of cognitive-motor functions. J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 21:967-84. [PMID: 20693650 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2010-091726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are associated with cognitive impairment, brain insulin resistance, and neurodegeneration. Recent studies linked these effects to increased pro-ceramide gene expression in liver and increased ceramide levels in serum. Since ceramides are neurotoxic and cause insulin resistance, we directly examined the role of ceramides as mediators of impaired signaling and central nervous system function using an in vivo model. Long Evans rat pups were administered C2Cer:N-acetylsphinganine or its inactive dihydroceramide analog (C2DCer) by i.p. injection. Rats were subjected to rotarod and Morris water maze tests of motor and cognitive function, and livers and brains were examined for histopathology and integrity of insulin/IGF signaling. C2Cer treatment caused hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and mild steatohepatitis, reduced brain lipid content, and increased ceramide levels in liver, brain, and serum. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed significant alterations in expression of several genes needed for insulin and IGF-I signaling, and multiplex ELISAs demonstrated inhibition of signaling through the insulin or IGF-1 receptors, IRS-1, and Akt in both liver and brain. Ultimately, the toxic ceramides generated in peripheral sources such as liver or adipose tissue caused sustained impairments in neuro-cognitive function and insulin/IGF signaling needed for neuronal survival, plasticity, and myelin maintenance in the brain. These findings support our hypothesis that a liver/peripheral tissue-brain axis of neurodegeneration, effectuated by increased toxic lipid/ceramide production and transport across the blood-brain barrier, could mediate cognitive impairment in T2DM and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M de la Monte
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis increases insulin sensitivity, resolves hepatic steatosis, and prevents the onset of diabetes in obese rodents. I herein review these interventional studies, aiming to summarize the five Ws - the 'Who, What, Where, When, and Why' questions that need to be addressed to understand roles of sphingolipids in the pathogenesis of diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Who: ceramides and glucosylceramides are likely to be independent antagonists of insulin action. Where: recent data suggest that ceramides may inhibit insulin action in skeletal muscle, whereas glucosylceramides may be more efficacious in adipose tissue. In contrast, sphingolipid accumulation in the liver appears to be insufficient to induce insulin resistance. What: ceramides and glucosylceramides inhibit different insulin signaling events, but it is unclear whether these actions account for the broad spectrum of therapeutic benefits resulting from sphingolipid depletion. When: recent data suggest that obesity-induced inflammation is important for the induction of sphingolipid synthesis. Why: sphingolipids have an evolutionarily conserved role to starve cells of nutrients, and the inhibition of insulin action is possibly a component of this broader action. SUMMARY Despite considerable attention to the question of how sphingolipids induce metabolic disease, there exist enormous gaps in knowledge. Further elucidation of these molecular details will be essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies for inhibiting sphingolipid action and ameliorating metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Summers
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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Skeletal muscle insulin resistance in endocrine disease. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:527850. [PMID: 20300436 PMCID: PMC2840413 DOI: 10.1155/2010/527850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We summarize the existing literature data concerning the involvement of skeletal muscle (SM) in whole body glucose homeostasis and the contribution of SM insulin resistance (IR) to the metabolic derangements observed in several endocrine disorders, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), adrenal disorders and thyroid function abnormalities. IR in PCOS is associated with a unique postbinding defect in insulin receptor signaling in general and in SM in particular, due to a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Adrenal hormone excess is also associated with disrupted insulin action in peripheral tissues, such as SM. Furthermore, both hyper- and hypothyroidism are thought to be insulin resistant states, due to insulin receptor and postreceptor defects. Further studies are definitely needed in order to unravel the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. In summary, the principal mechanisms involved in muscle IR in the endocrine diseases reviewed herein include abnormal phosphorylation of insulin signaling proteins, altered muscle fiber composition, reduced transcapillary insulin delivery, decreased glycogen synthesis, and impaired mitochondrial oxidative metabolism.
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Tyrovolas S, Pounis G, Zeimbekis A, Antonopoulou M, Bountziouka V, Gotsis E, Metallinos G, Polystipioti A, Polychronopoulos E, Lionis C, Panagiotakos DB. Associations of Energy Intake and Type 2 Diabetes with Hypertryglyceridemia in Older Adults Living in the Mediterranean Islands: The Medis Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 29:72-86. [DOI: 10.1080/01639360903574668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Tyrovolas
- a Department of Nutrition Science–Dietetics, Harokopio University , Athens, Greece
| | - George Pounis
- a Department of Nutrition Science–Dietetics, Harokopio University , Athens, Greece
| | - Akis Zeimbekis
- b Health Center of Kalloni, General Hospital of Mitilini , Mitilini, Greece
| | - Mary Antonopoulou
- c Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete , Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Efthimios Gotsis
- a Department of Nutrition Science–Dietetics, Harokopio University , Athens, Greece
| | - George Metallinos
- a Department of Nutrition Science–Dietetics, Harokopio University , Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Polystipioti
- a Department of Nutrition Science–Dietetics, Harokopio University , Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christos Lionis
- c Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete , Heraklion, Greece
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Gill JMR, Sattar N. Ceramides: a new player in the inflammation-insulin resistance paradigm? Diabetologia 2009; 52:2475-7. [PMID: 19802602 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J M R Gill
- Integrative and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, West Medical Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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Mutch DM, Fuhrmann JC, Rein D, Wiemer JC, Bouillot JL, Poitou C, Clément K. Metabolite profiling identifies candidate markers reflecting the clinical adaptations associated with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7905. [PMID: 19936240 PMCID: PMC2775672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is associated with weight loss, improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis, and a reduction in co-morbidities such as diabetes and coronary heart disease. To generate further insight into the numerous metabolic adaptations associated with RYGB surgery, we profiled serum metabolites before and after gastric bypass surgery and integrated metabolite changes with clinical data. Methodology and Principal Findings Serum metabolites were detected by gas and liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry before, and 3 and 6 months after RYGB in morbidly obese female subjects (n = 14; BMI = 46.2±1.7). Subjects showed decreases in weight-related parameters and improvements in insulin sensitivity post surgery. The abundance of 48% (83 of 172) of the measured metabolites changed significantly within the first 3 months post RYGB (p<0.05), including sphingosines, unsaturated fatty acids, and branched chain amino acids. Dividing subjects into obese (n = 9) and obese/diabetic (n = 5) groups identified 8 metabolites that differed consistently at all time points and whose serum levels changed following RYGB: asparagine, lysophosphatidylcholine (C18:2), nervonic (C24:1) acid, p-Cresol sulfate, lactate, lycopene, glucose, and mannose. Changes in the aforementioned metabolites were integrated with clinical data for body mass index (BMI) and estimates for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Of these, nervonic acid was significantly and negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (p = 0.001, R = −0.55). Conclusions Global metabolite profiling in morbidly obese subjects after RYGB has provided new information regarding the considerable metabolic alterations associated with this surgical procedure. Integrating clinical measurements with metabolomics data is capable of identifying markers that reflect the metabolic adaptations following RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Mutch
- Nutriomique U872 team 7, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris 6, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (DMM); (DR)
| | | | - Dietrich Rein
- metanomics Health GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (DMM); (DR)
| | | | - Jean-Luc Bouillot
- Hôtel-Dieu Hospital Surgery Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christine Poitou
- Nutriomique U872 team 7, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris 6, Paris, France
- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Nutrition and Endocrinology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutriomique U872 team 7, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris 6, Paris, France
- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Nutrition and Endocrinology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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de la Monte SM, Longato L, Tong M, Wands JR. Insulin resistance and neurodegeneration: roles of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. CURRENT OPINION IN INVESTIGATIONAL DRUGS (LONDON, ENGLAND : 2000) 2009; 10:1049-60. [PMID: 19777393 PMCID: PMC4600072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have linked obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to insulin resistance in the brain, cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Insulin resistance compromises cell survival, metabolism and neuronal plasticity, and increases oxidative stress, cytokine activation and apoptosis. T2DM/NASH has been demonstrated to be associated with increased ceramide generation, suggesting a mechanistic link between peripheral insulin resistance and neurodegeneration because ceramides mediate insulin resistance and can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Peripheral insulin resistance diseases may potentially cause brain insulin resistance via a liver-brain axis of neurodegeneration as a result of the trafficking of ceramides across the BBB. Therapy that includes insulin-sensitizing agents may help prevent brain insulin resistance-mediated cognitive impairment.
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Tyrovolas S, Zeimbekis A, Bountziouka V, Voutsa K, Pounis G, Papoutsou S, Metallinos G, Ladoukaki E, Polychronopoulos E, Lionis C, Panagiotakos DB. Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus Among Elderly Men and Women Living in Mediterranean Islands: The MEDIS Study. Rev Diabet Stud 2009; 6:54-63. [PMID: 19557296 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2009.6.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present work was to evaluate the relationships between socio-demographic, clinical, lifestyle and psychological characteristics and the presence of diabetes mellitus, among elderly individuals without known cardiovascular disease. METHODS During 2005-2007, 1190 elderly (aged 65 to 100 years) men and women (from Cyprus, Mitilini, Samothraki, Cephalonia, Crete, Lemnos, Corfu and Zakynthos) were enrolled. Socio-demographic, clinical and lifestyle factors were assessed using standard procedures. Diabetes mellitus was defined as fasting blood glucose >125 mg/dl or use of special medication. RESULTS 21% of males and 23% of females had diabetes. Only 70% of diabetic participants were on a special diet and 76% were receiving pharmaceutical treatment. Diabetic individuals had higher prevalence of hypertension (80% vs. 64%, p < 0.001) and hypercholesterolemia (63% vs. 51%, p < 0.001) and reported lower physical activity status (p < 0.001), compared with non-diabetic participants. After adjusting for various confounders, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were associated with a 144% (95% CI, 1.37-4.35) and 83% (95% CI, 1.13-2.94) higher likelihood of having diabetes, while moderate and vigorous exercise correlated with a 82% (95% CI, 0.09-0.81) and 67% (95% CI, 0.11-0.97) lower likelihood of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS A considerable proportion of our elderly sample had diabetes and other metabolic disorders, almost 25% of which were untreated. Promotion of physical activities, even in the elderly, may contribute to reducing their burden of diabetes and provide them with a better quality of living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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