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Picolo M, de Araújo Nobre MA, Salvado F, Barroso H. Association of Herpesvirus and Periodontitis: A Clinical and Laboratorial Case-Control Study. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:1300-1308. [PMID: 37295456 PMCID: PMC10756839 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A significant influence of the Herpesviridae family in the progression of periodontal disease has been suggested. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association of four Herpesviruses (HSV-1, HSV-2, cytomegalovirus [CMV], and Epstein-Barr virus [EBV]) with periodontal disease using a qualitative test for evaluating the presence or absence of viral DNA in crevicular fluid samples of both healthy periodontal patients and periodontal compromised patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted in 100 participants at a university clinic. A qualitative test was used for evaluating the presence/absence of viral DNA in crevicular fluid samples of both healthy periodontal patients and periodontal compromised patients, and considering the periodontitis staging (stage II, stage III, and stage IV) and grading (grade A, grade B, and grade C). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The distribution of the same exposure variables to the periodontitis staging and grading was compared using Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Gamma tests depending on the variable characteristics. The significance level was set at 5%. The association of the variables: age, sex, diabetes, smoking, alcohol, and oral hygiene was also considered. RESULTS The prevalence of Herpesviridae family virus DNA was 6% for the periodontal healthy group and 60% for the periodontitis group (roughly 60% on periodontitis stages II, III, and IV, p <0.001; and twofold increase in moderate and rapid progression grades compared with the slow progression grade, p <0.001). HSV1 DNA was prevalent in all periodontitis stages and grades. HSV 2, EBV, and CMV DNA had increasing prevalence rates in more severe stages (stages III and IV, p <0.001); while considering periodontitis grade, HSV2 (p = 0.001), CMV (p = 0.019) and EBV (p <0.001) DNA were prevalent only in grades B and C, with EBV DNA registering a marked prevalence in grade C. CONCLUSION A significant different distribution of Herpesviridae virus DNA per each stage of disease was registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Picolo
- Mestrado Integrado de Medicina Dentária, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Caparica, Portugal
| | - Miguel A. de Araújo Nobre
- Clínica Universitária de Estomatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
- Research and Development Department, Maló Clinic, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco Salvado
- Clínica Universitária de Estomatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM) – Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Caparica Portugal
| | - Helena Barroso
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM) – Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Caparica Portugal
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2
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Shigeishi H, Oka I, Su CY, Hamada N, Nakamura M, Nishimura R, Sugiyama M, Ohta K. Prevalence of oral Epstein-Barr virus and Porphyromonas gingivalis and their association with periodontal inflamed surface area: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31282. [PMID: 36316924 PMCID: PMC10662808 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that oral herpesviruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), are associated with periodontitis. However, the relationship between oral EBV or dual oral EBV and Porphyromonas gingivalis infections and periodontal inflammation severity remains unclear. We conducted this study to determine the relationship between oral EBV and P gingivalis prevalence and the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) in middle-aged and older adults. We analyzed 205 patients (median age, 70 years) who visited Hiroshima University Hospital. Tongue swab samples were used to investigate the presence of EBV and P gingivalis DNA using real-time PCR. Probing pocket depth and bleeding on probing were measured at 6 sites per tooth. PISA scores were calculated based on the results of probing pocket depth and bleeding on probing. Propensity scores were calculated via logistic regression analysis of 8 clinical factors: age, sex, smoking status, remaining teeth, denture use, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. EBV DNA was present in 41 of the 205 participants (20.0%). Thirty-seven EBV-positive or -negative participants in 74 matched pairs after propensity-score matching were examined via univariate analysis. EBV-positive participants exhibited higher plaque control record scores and PISAs than did EBV-negative participants. EBV DNA was significantly associated with plaque control record scores and PISA (both P = .04). Of the 205 participants, 111 were positive for P gingivalis (54.1%). Nineteen participants (9.3%) were infected with both oral EBV and P gingivalis. Logistic regression analysis revealed that dual infection with EBV and P gingivalis was significantly associated with diabetes (odds ratio = 3.37, 95% confidence interval: 1.13-10.1; P = .03). Oral EBV prevalence is associated with oral hygiene and the spread of inflamed periodontal tissue. Diabetes may be a risk factor for dual infection with oral EBV and P gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Shigeishi
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Iori Oka
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Cheng-Yih Su
- Dental Hygiene Section, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Natsuki Hamada
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mariko Nakamura
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rumi Nishimura
- Department of Oral Epidemiology, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaru Sugiyama
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kouji Ohta
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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3
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Teles F, Collman RG, Mominkhan D, Wang Y. Viruses, periodontitis, and comorbidities. Periodontol 2000 2022; 89:190-206. [PMID: 35244970 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Seminal studies published in the 1990s and 2000s explored connections between periodontal diseases and systemic conditions, revealing potential contributions of periodontal diseases in the initiation or worsening of systemic conditions. The resulting field of periodontal medicine led to the publication of studies indicating that periodontal diseases can influence the risk of systemic conditions, including adverse pregnancy outcomes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as Alzheimer disease and cancers. In general, these studies hypothesized that the periodontal bacterial insult and/or the associated proinflammatory cascade could contribute to the pathogenesis of these systemic diseases. While investigations of the biological basis of the connections between periodontal diseases and systemic conditions generally emphasized the bacteriome, it is also biologically plausible, under an analogous hypothesis, that other types of organisms may have a similar role. Human viruses would be logical "suspects" in this role, given their ubiquity in the oral cavity, association with periodontal diseases, and ability to elicit strong inflammatory response, compromise immune responses, and synergize with bacteria in favor of a more pathogenic microbial consortium. In this review, the current knowledge of the role of viruses in connecting periodontal diseases and systemic conditions is examined. We will also delve into the mechanistic basis for such connections and highlight the importance of those relationships in the management and treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Teles
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine & School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ronald G Collman
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dana Mominkhan
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Maulani C, C Masulili SL, Santoso WD, Soedarsono N, Kusdhany L, Auerkari EI. Association of subgingival Epstein-Barr virus and periodontitis. F1000Res 2021; 10:414. [PMID: 34316360 PMCID: PMC8278249 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.52624.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is gaining interest as a possible agent in the etiology of periodontitis. Previous studies have shown controversy on whether EBV DNA in the subgingival periodontal pockets is associated with periodontitis. The present study aimed to seek the potential relationship between EBV and periodontitis. Methods: Samples were taken from gingival crevicular fluid using sterile paper points, and data on sociodemographics, oral health, and periodontal health were recorded. This case-control study of 118 participants included 59 subjects with severe periodontitis and 59 control subjects with mild periodontitis. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determined EBV load. Results: EBV DNA was detected in 37.3% of the case samples and 18.6% of the control samples. There was no significant difference in a load of EBV DNA between severe and mild periodontitis (p>0.05). The observed load of EBV DNA was up to 4.55x10
5 copies/mL. The detected EBV DNA was significantly associated with the plaque index and the oral hygiene index (p<0.05). Conclusions: Although no significant association was found, EBV may play a role in periodontitis. The real-time PCR methods can be used to monitor the EBV load in gingival crevicular fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaerita Maulani
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Sri Lelyati C Masulili
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Widayat Djoko Santoso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Nurtami Soedarsono
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Lindawati Kusdhany
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Elza Ibrahim Auerkari
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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Su CY, Shigeishi H, Murodumi H, SugiyaMa M, Ohta K, Takemoto T. Association of oral Epstein-Barr virus with periodontal health in Japanese adults. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:767. [PMID: 34055066 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that oral Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with periodontitis. However, the relationship between periodontitis and oral EBV has not been fully elucidated by reducing the effects of confounding factors. The aim of the present study was to clarify the association between oral Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and oral health status among middle-aged and older Japanese individuals. A total of 124 patients (46 males and 78 females; mean age, 69.2 years; age range, 35-90 years) who visited Hiroshima University Hospital between October 2018 and December 2019 were recruited into the present study. EBV DNA positivity was determined in 124 oral rinse samples using quantitative PCR. Periodontal disease-related bacteria were also detected by PCR analysis. EBV DNA was determined as positive in 16 of the 124 enrolled patients (12.9%). No significant difference was identified between EBV DNA and clinical factors (sex, age, remaining teeth, denture use, smoking or medical history). Of the 38 patients with periodontal pockets ≥6 mm, 10 were EBV DNA positive (26.3%). There was a significant association between EBV DNA positivity and probing depth (P=0.01). Additionally, a significant association was identified between bleeding on probing (BOP) and EBV DNA positivity (P=0.03). To investigate the relationship between EBV and periodontal health status, propensity score-matching was determined between participants without ≥4 mm periodontal pockets and BOP (participants with good periodontal health) and those with ≥4 mm periodontal pockets, BOP or both (participants with poor periodontal health). A total of 35 matched pairs were identified among the patients. Patients with poor periodontal health exhibited a higher EBV DNA positivity rate (25.7%) than those with good periodontal health (0.0%). Additionally, there was a significant association between EBV DNA positivity and periodontal health status (P=0.001). T. denticola-positive participants exhibited a higher EBV DNA positivity rate than negative participants (17.6 vs. 9.6%). However, there was no significant difference. The results indicated that oral EBV may be markedly associated with periodontitis in middle-aged and older Japanese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yih Su
- Department of Oral Health Management, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hideo Shigeishi
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murodumi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masaru SugiyaMa
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kouji Ohta
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Takemoto
- Department of Oral Health Management, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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6
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Yu T, Pan S, Zhang Y, Pei J, Liu J, Xie Y, Feng X. Occurrence and quantification of Anelloviruses and Herpesviruses in gingival tissue in Chinese Shanghai sub-population. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:196. [PMID: 32646510 PMCID: PMC7346523 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01188-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Herpesviruses and bacteria and their interplay have long been believed to play important roles in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, but other microbial entities in the oral environment might also be involved. Anelloviruses are commonly detected in human, including in oral samples. The aim of the present study was to explore the occurrence and co-occurrence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and human anelloviruses (HTTVs) in gingival tissue samples collected from participants recruited in Shanghai, China. Methods Gingival tissues were collected from 159 participants (57 with aggressive periodontitis (AP), 59 with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 43 with healthy periodontal status). The presence of HCMV, EBV, torque teno virus (TTV), torque teno mini virus (TTMV) and torque teno midi virus (TTMDV) DNA was detected by nested-PCR. The virus loads were quantified by real-time PCR. Results The detection rates of EBV, TTV, TTMV and TTMDV were significantly higher in the AP and CP groups compared to the healthy group (all P < 0.01). A statistically significant association was found between EBV, TTV and TTMV virus load and periodontitis (all P < 0.05). Participants infected with EBV showed significantly higher infection rates and higher virus loads of TTV and TTMV than the EBV-negative group (all P < 0.05). The coexistence rates of EBV and anelloviruses and the coexistence of three HTTVs were significantly higher in AP and CP groups (all P < 0.01). Conclusions Collectively, results obtained in this study suggest that HTTVs and the coexistence of EBV and HTTVs in particular, may be associated with periodontitis. Possible mechanisms of the interaction between herpesviruses and anelloviruses in the context of periodontitis require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaokun Pan
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Pei
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiping Feng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Emecen-Huja P, Danaher RJ, Dawson DR, Wang C, Kryscio RJ, Ebersole JL, Miller CS. Relationship between herpesviruses and periodontal disease progression. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:442-450. [PMID: 31860742 PMCID: PMC7096277 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and anaerobic bacteria in the progression of periodontitis. METHODS Eighty-one adults with generalized moderate to severe periodontitis were randomly assigned to: oral hygiene or scaling and root planning ± placebo or polyunsaturated fatty acids fish oil. Subgingival plaque samples collected from three healthy and three disease sites at weeks 0, 16, and 28 and from sites demonstrating disease progression were analysed for EBV, CMV, P. gingivalis (Pg), T. forsythia (Tf), and T. denticola (Td) DNA using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Cytomegalovirus was detected in 0.3% (4/1454) sites. EBV was present in 12.2% of healthy sites (89/728) and 27.6% disease sites (201/726; p < .0001), but was in low copy number. Disease progression occurred in 28.4% of participants (23/81) and developed predominantly at sites identified as diseased (75/78; 96.2%). CMV and EBV were not associated with disease progression (p = .13) regardless of treatment. In contrast, disease sites were associated with higher levels of Pg, Td, Tf, and total bacteria, and sites that exhibited disease progression were associated with an abundance of Td and Tf (p < .04). CONCLUSION Disease progression was associated with Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria; not EBV or CMV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chunmei Wang
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky
| | - Richard J. Kryscio
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Kentucky
| | - Jeffrey L. Ebersole
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky
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8
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Botero JE, Rodríguez‐Medina C, Jaramillo‐Echeverry A, Contreras A. Association between human cytomegalovirus and periodontitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:551-558. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Rodríguez‐Medina
- Facultad de Odontología Universidad de Antioquia Medellín Colombia
- Facultad de Odontología Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Medellín Colombia
| | - Adriana Jaramillo‐Echeverry
- UNICOC, Colegio Odontológico Colombiano Cali Colombia
- Escuela de Odontología Universidad del Valle Cali Colombia
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9
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Determining the frequency of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in two inflammatory lesions of the periapical cyst and dental granuloma. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Four billion individuals worldwide have a history of periodontitis, with the poorest people in society most affected. Periodontitis can lead to unsightly drifting of teeth and tooth loss that may interfere with the wellbeing of daily living and has also been linked to at least 57 medical diseases and disabilities. The etiology of severe periodontitis includes active herpesviruses, specific bacterial pathogens, and destructive immune responses, but herpesviruses seem to be the major pathogenic determinant. Periodontal herpesviruses that disseminate via the systemic circulation to nonoral sites may represent a major link between periodontitis and systemic diseases. Current treatment of periodontitis focuses almost exclusively on bacterial biofilm and will require revision. Periodontal therapy that targets both herpesviruses and bacterial pathogens can provide long-term clinical improvement and potentially reduces the risk of systemic diseases. Molecular diagnostic tests for periodontal pathogens may enable early microbial identification and preemptive therapy. This review details an efficient and reliable anti-infective treatment of severe periodontitis that can be carried out in minimal time with minimal cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen Slots
- School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Henrik Slots
- University of Nevada at Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada.,St. George's School of Medicine, St. George, Grenada.,Renown Medical Center, Reno, Nevada
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11
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Jakovljevic A, Knezevic A, Nikolic N, Soldatovic I, Jovanovic T, Milasin J, Andric M. Herpesviruses viral loads and levels of proinflammatory cytokines in apical periodontitis. Oral Dis 2018; 24:840-846. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Jakovljevic
- Department of Pathophysiology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - A Knezevic
- Department of Virology; Institute of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - N Nikolic
- Department of Human Genetics; School of Dental Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - I Soldatovic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - T Jovanovic
- Department of Virology; Institute of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - J Milasin
- Department of Human Genetics; School of Dental Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - M Andric
- Clinic of Oral Surgery; School of Dental Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
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12
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Gao Z, Lv J, Wang M. Epstein-Barr virus is associated with periodontal diseases: A meta-analysis based on 21 case-control studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e5980. [PMID: 28178139 PMCID: PMC5312996 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some controversies still exist between the detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)'s DNA and risks of periodontal diseases. Hence, a comprehensive meta-analysis on all available literatures was performed to clarify the relationship between EBV and preidontitis.A comprehensive search was conducted within the PUBMED, EMBASE, and WANFANG databases up to October 10th, 2016 according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and finally 21 case-control literatures were obtained. The outcomes including odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of associations. Publication bias was determined by Begg or Egger test. Sensitivity analysis was used to investigate reliability and stability of the results.According to the data from included trials, the association between overall increased risks of periodontitis and the detection of EBV was significant (OR = 6.199, 95% CI = 3.119-12.319, P < 0.001). In the disease-type analysis, the pooled ORs for chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis were 6.586 (95% CI = 3.042-14.262, P < 0.001) and 8.361 (95% CI = 2.109-33.143, P = 0.003), respectively. In the subgroup analysis of ethnicity, our results suggested that high EBV-detecting frequencies were correlated with increased risks of periodontitis in Asians, Europeans, and Americans (P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis by the sample type showed that subgingival plaque (SgP) samples and tissue samples were available for EBV detecting (P < 0.001). Detecting EBV of samples in ≥5 (6) mm sites of periodontal pockets were easier than in ≤3-mm sites (P = 0.023).This meta-analysis indicates that high frequent detection of EBV correlates with increased risk of periodontal diseases. SgP and tissue are available for detecting EBV in patients of periodontitis. At last, our results suggest that detecting EBV of samples in =5 (6) mm sites of periodontal pockets are more sensitive than in ≤3-mm sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dongfeng Stomatology Hospital. The Genetal Hospital of Dongfeng, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Juan Lv
- Department of Stomatology, HuaGuo Hospital of Dongfeng Auto Corporation, Shiyan, China
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Alzahrani AA. Association between human herpes virus and aggressive periodontitis: A systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sjdr.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Shah R, Mehta DS. Prevalence of herpesviruses in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis: relationship to clinical parameters and effect of treatment. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2016; 20:279-85. [PMID: 27563201 PMCID: PMC4976548 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.179896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assess the prevalence of herpesviruses in healthy subjects, gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis patients, to assess the relationship between the prevalence of herpesviruses and periodontal clinical parameters, and to evaluate the effect of phase-I therapy on the level of viral detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hundred patients consisting of 20 healthy subjects, 40 gingivitis, and 40 chronic periodontitis were included in the study. Clinical parameters recorded included plaque index, gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level. The gingivitis and chronic periodontitis patients received phase-I periodontal therapy including oral hygiene instructions, full mouth scaling for gingivitis patients and scaling and root planing for chronic periodontitis patients. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected, and the presence of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Recording of periodontal parameters as well as GCF collection was performed at baseline and 6 weeks postphase-I therapy. RESULTS At baseline, the levels of HSV-1 and EBV detection were lower in healthy controls as compared to gingivitis (P < 0.05) and chronic periodontitis cases (P < 0.001). Phase-I therapy led to reduction in the amount of HSV-1 and EBV in gingivitis patients (P < 0.05) and for HSV-1, human cytomegalovirus and EBV in chronic periodontitis patients (P < 0.05) in comparison to baseline. The prevalence of EBV in chronic periodontitis patients was positively associated with increased gingival index, probing depth and loss of clinical attachment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Higher prevalence of HSV-1 and EBV viruses in GCF of gingivitis and chronic periodontitis suggests a strong association between these viruses and periodontal diseases and periodontal therapy can lead to a reduction in herpesviruses at infected sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha Shah
- Department of Periodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhoom Singh Mehta
- Department of Periodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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Özcan E, Saygun NI, Serdar MA, Kubar A, Bengi VU. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Epstein-Barr Virus Are Associated With Increased Levels of Visfatin in Gingival Crevicular Fluid. J Periodontol 2015; 87:443-51. [PMID: 26561994 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little clinical information on the relationship between periodontopathogens and visfatin. The purpose of this study is to determine visfatin levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of healthy individuals and patients with periodontitis and to investigate the possible relationship between this adipokine and the presence and levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescense, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). METHODS Eighteen healthy individuals and 27 patients with periodontitis were included in this study. GCF and plaque samples were obtained from all individuals. Visfatin levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the bacterial numbers were evaluated by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. RESULTS In patients with periodontitis, the visfatin levels in the GCF (mean: 84.29 ng/mL; range: 63.8 to 108.9 ng/mL) were significantly higher compared with those of the healthy individuals (mean: 38.06 ng/mL; range: 13.8 to 89.02 ng/mL) (P <0.01). There was a positive correlation between the visfatin levels and P. gingivalis (r = 0.266, P <0.05), whereas no correlation was found between visfatin levels and other microorganisms. In addition, the visfatin levels were found to be higher in individuals in whom P. gingivalis was detected than for those without P. gingivalis (P <0.01). The visfatin levels were also found to be higher in individuals in whom EBV was detected (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS To the best of the authors' knowledge, the present study is the first one to show the correlation of periodontopathogens and GCF visfatin levels. P. gingivalis colonization of the periodontal pockets may increase visfatin secretion. Furthermore, the presence of EBV in the plaque may be another factor that causes an increase in visfatin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Özcan
- Department of Periodontology, Center of Oral Health, Gülhane Military Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - N Işıl Saygun
- Department of Periodontology, Center of Oral Health, Gülhane Military Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ayhan Kubar
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Oral Health, Gülhane Military Hospital
| | - V Umut Bengi
- Department of Periodontology, Center of Oral Health, Gülhane Military Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Slots J. Periodontal herpesviruses: prevalence, pathogenicity, systemic risk. Periodontol 2000 2015; 69:28-45. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kazi MMAG, Bharadwaj R, Bhat K, Happy D. Association of Herpes Viruses with Mild, Moderate and Severe Chronic Periodontitis. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:DC05-8. [PMID: 26393126 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/13781.6187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition of the supporting tissues of the teeth. It is a multi-factorial and multi-etiological infectious disease process. Recent evidences shows that human herpes viruses could be putative pathogens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of Herpes viruses especially Herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and 2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in patients with chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 75 patients with periodontitis were included in the study (25 each with mild, moderate and severe periodontitis) with ethical approval and informed consent. Sub gingival plaque sample was collected and subjected to extraction of DNA and further analysis with multiplex Polymerase chain reaction for the presence of herpes viral DNA. The collected data was entered in the excel sheet format. It was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software. The Chi-Square statistical tests was applied and p-value<0.05 was taken as significant. RESULTS The overall association of HSV-1, HSV-2, EBV and CMV was 28%, 32%, 30.66% and 37.33% respectively in the present study from the cases of chronic periodontitis. CONCLUSION Epstein Barr viruses were detected from all types of cases of chronic periodontitis in the present study. Though, EBV was not significantly associated with periodontitis; they were significantly increased in severe periodontitis. Herpes viruses were significantly associated with periodontal disease, more so with severe periodontal disease. They could thus be playing a role in increasing the severity of the disease. Therapeutic and prophylactic intervention planned against these viruses could decrease the tooth loss associated with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mukhit Abdul Gaffar Kazi
- Medical Microbiology and Faculty student (PhD) Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital , Pune, India
| | - Renu Bharadwaj
- Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, B. J. Medical College and Hospital , Pune, India
| | - Kishore Bhat
- Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Maratha Mandal dental College , Belgaum, India
| | - Daisy Happy
- Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital , Pune, India
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Overexpression of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase in MTX- and Age-Related Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders of the Head and Neck. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2015; 2015:605750. [PMID: 25834572 PMCID: PMC4365324 DOI: 10.1155/2015/605750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shown that activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) triggers somatic hypermutation and recombination, in turn contributing to lymphomagenesis. Such aberrant AID expression is seen in B-cell leukemia/lymphomas, including Burkitt lymphoma which is associated with c-myc translocation. Moreover, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) increases genomic instability through early growth transcription response-1 (Egr-1) mediated upregulation of AID in B-cell lymphoma. However, few clinicopathological studies have focused on AID expression in lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs). Therefore, we conducted an immunohistochemical study to investigate the relationship between AID and LMP-1 expression in LPDs (MTX-/Age-related EBV-associated), including diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). More intense AID expression was detected in LPDs (89.5%) than in DLBCLs (20.0%), and the expression of LMP-1 and EBER was more intense in LPDs (68.4% and 94.7%) than in DLBCLs (10.0% and 20.0%). Furthermore, stronger Egr-1 expression was found in MTX/Age-EBV-LPDs (83.3%) than in DLBCLs (30.0%). AID expression was significantly constitutively overexpressed in LPDs as compared with DLBCLs. These results suggest that increased AID expression in LPDs may be one of the processes involved in lymphomagenesis, thereby further increasing the survival of genetically destabilized B-cells. AID expression may be a useful indicator for differentiation between LPDs and DLBCLs.
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Armitage GC. Learned and unlearned concepts in periodontal diagnostics: a 50-year perspective. Periodontol 2000 2014; 62:20-36. [PMID: 23574462 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the past 50 years, conceptual changes in the field of periodontal diagnostics have paralleled those associated with a better scientific understanding of the full spectrum of processes that affect periodontal health and disease. Fifty years ago, concepts regarding the diagnosis of periodontal diseases followed the classical pathology paradigm. It was believed that the two basic forms of destructive periodontal disease were chronic inflammatory periodontitis and 'periodontosis'- a degenerative condition. In the subsequent 25 years it was shown that periodontosis was an infection. By 1987, major new concepts regarding the diagnosis and pathogenesis of periodontitis included: (i) all cases of untreated gingivitis do not inevitably progress to periodontitis; (ii) progression of untreated periodontitis is often episodic; (iii) some sites with untreated periodontitis do not progress; (iv) a rather small population of specific bacteria ('periodontal pathogens') appear to be the main etiologic agents of chronic inflammatory periodontitis; and (v) tissue damage in periodontitis is primarily caused by inflammatory and immunologic host responses to infecting agents. The concepts that were in place by 1987 are still largely intact in 2012. However, in the decades to come, it is likely that new information on the human microbiome will change our current concepts concerning the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases.
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Ambili R, Preeja C, Archana V, Nisha KJ, Seba A, Reejamol MK. Viruses: are they really culprits for periodontal disease? A critical review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 5:179-87. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Ambili
- Department of Periodontics; PMS College of Dental Science and Research; Kerala India
| | - Chandran Preeja
- Department of Periodontics; PMS College of Dental Science and Research; Kerala India
| | - Vilasan Archana
- Department of Periodontics; PMS College of Dental Science and Research; Kerala India
| | | | - Abraham Seba
- Department of Periodontics; PMS College of Dental Science and Research; Kerala India
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The prevalence of human herpes viruses in the saliva of chronic periodontitis patients compared to oral health providers and healthy controls. Arch Virol 2013; 158:1221-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Stein JM, Said Yekta S, Kleines M, Ok D, Kasaj A, Reichert S, Schulz S, Scheithauer S. Failure to detect an association between aggressive periodontitis and the prevalence of herpesviruses. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 40:1-7. [PMID: 23163882 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have been suspected to play a causal role in periodontitis pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of these viruses in subgingival plaque samples of Caucasian patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis compared to periodontally healthy controls. METHODS A total of 65 patients with aggressive periodontitis and 65 unmatched controls from Germany were investigated in the study. Subgingival plaque samples were analysed for the presence of HSV-1, EBV and HCMV by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Viral antibody titres were determined quantitatively by immunosorbent assays. RESULTS DNA of HSV-1 and HCMV were detected in 1.5% of the patients and controls, whereas EBV DNA was present in 10.8% and 13.9% respectively. Detection rates of serum IgG against HSV-1 (76.1% versus 73.9%), EBV (98.5% versus 96.9%), HCMV (47.7% versus 46.2%) and IgM levels against HSV-1 (6.2% versus 1.5%), EBV (0% versus 0%), HCMV (0% versus 1.5%) did not significantly differ between patients and controls. CONCLUSION The data of our study do not suggest any contribution of HSV-1, EBV or HCMV to aggressive periodontitis in a German population. Ethnic and methodological aspects might have caused conflicting results of previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal M Stein
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
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Kikuchi K, Fukunaga S, Inoue H, Miyazaki Y, Kojima M, Ide F, Kusama K. A case of age-related Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated B cell lymphoproliferative disorder, so-called polymorphous subtype, of the mandible, with a review of the literature. Head Neck Pathol 2012; 7:178-87. [PMID: 22869357 PMCID: PMC3642255 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-012-0392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to be associated with the development of lymphomas in immunocompromised patients. Recently, age-related immune impairment has been recognized as a predisposing factor in the development of EBV-driven lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) in elderly patients without any known immunodeficiency or prior lymphoma. In approximately 70% of reported cases, the affected sites have been extranodal, such as the skin, lung, tonsil and stomach. However, age-related EBV-associated B cell (EBV + B cell) LPD is extremely rare in the oral cavity. Here we report a 71-year-old Japanese man who developed an EBV + B cell LPD resembling classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL)--so-called polymorphous subtype-of the mandible. Histopathologically, infiltration of large atypical lymphoid cells including Hodgkin or Reed-Sternberg-like cells into granulation tissue with marked necrosis was found in the mandibular bone. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the large atypical Hodgkin or Reed-Sternberg-like cells were CD3-, CD15-, CD20+, CD30+ and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-latent infection membrane protein-1 (LMP-1)+. In situ hybridization (ISH) demonstrated EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) + in numerous Hodgkin or Reed-Sternberg-like cells. EBNA-2 was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using an extract from the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimen. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of the polymorphous subtype of age-related EBV + B cell LPD affecting the mandible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kikuchi
- />Division of Pathology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283 Japan
| | - Shuichi Fukunaga
- />Department of Dental and Oral Surgery, Hanyu General Hospital, 511 Kamiiwase, Hanyu, Saitama 348-8505 Japan
| | - Harumi Inoue
- />Division of Pathology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283 Japan
| | - Yuji Miyazaki
- />Division of Pathology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283 Japan
| | - Masaru Kojima
- />Department of Anatomic and Diagnostic Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Oaza-kitakobayashi, Mibu-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293 Japan
| | - Fumio Ide
- />Division of Pathology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283 Japan
| | - Kaoru Kusama
- />Division of Pathology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283 Japan
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Dawson III DR, Wang C, Danaher RJ, Lin Y, Kryscio RJ, Jacob RJ, Miller CS. Salivary levels of Epstein-Barr virus DNA correlate with subgingival levels, not severity of periodontitis. Oral Dis 2009; 15:554-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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