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de Aguiar Vilela Júnior R, Aranha LC, Elias CN, Martinez EF. In vitro analysis of prosthetic abutment and angulable frictional implant interface adaptation: Mechanical and microbiological study. J Biomech 2021; 128:110733. [PMID: 34530293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the microbiological sealing at the implant and different angles frictional prosthetic abutment interface, submitted or not to mechanical cycling, as well as the deactivation force and evaluation of the implant-abutment interface by scanning electron microscopy. For this study, the sealing capacity of eighty sets of abutments/implants of each angle, with and without mechanical cycling, with internal conical connection (locking tapper) (4.3 mm × 9.0 mm) constituted in Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V), and stainless steel angled prosthetic abutment was evaluated (18Cr14Ni2.5Mo) according to ASTM F138-13a (Arcsys, FGM, Joinville, Brazil), 6 mm high and 4.2 mm in diameter at the coronary portion, and 3.5 mm high transmucosal, in 4 different angles (0, 5, 10 and 20°). After in vitro tests, 100% biological sealing was observed at the implant / prosthetic abutment interface within cycled and non-cycled conditions, for the straight, 5, 10 and 20° inclination groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the removal force of the prosthetic abutments at different angles, under non-cycled conditions; however, under mechanical loading, the deactivation force was significantly higher for straight prosthetic abutments than with 10 and 20° of angulation. Surface analysis revealed good adaptation between implants and abutments, and the presence of wear areas, independently of mechanical loading. It is concluded that the analysis of implant and prosthetic abutment interface revealed good adaptation between the parts, for all analyzed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luís Cláudio Aranha
- Materials Science and Technology Center, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Nelson Elias
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering (IME), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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The Long-Term Effect of Adapting the Vertical Position of Implants on Peri-Implant Health: A 5-Year Intra-Subject Comparison in the Edentulous Mandible Including Oral Health-Related Quality of Life. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103320. [PMID: 33081103 PMCID: PMC7602860 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite high success rates of dental implants, surface exposure may occur as a consequence of biologic width establishment associated with surgery. This prospective split-mouth study evaluated the effect of early implant surface exposure caused by initial bone remodeling on long-term peri-implant bone stability and peri-implant health. Additionally, Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) was assessed by means of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Twenty-six patients received two non-splinted implants supporting an overdenture in the mandible by means of locators. One implant was installed equicrestally (control) and the second one was installed subcrestally, taking at least 3 mm soft tissue thickness into account (test). During initial bone remodeling (up to 6 months postoperatively), equicrestal placement yielded 0.68 mm additional surface exposure compared to subcrestal placement (p < 0.001). Afterwards, bone level and peri-implant health were comparable in both treatment conditions and stable up to 5 years. The implant overdenture improved OHRQoL (p < 0.01) and remained unchanged thereafter (p = 0.51). In conclusion, adapting the vertical position of the implant concerning the soft tissue thickness prevents early implant surface exposure caused by initial bone remodeling, but in a well-maintained population, this has no impact on long-term prognosis. The treatment of edentulousness with an implant mandibular overdenture improves OHRQoL.
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Carinci F, Romanos GE, Scapoli L. Molecular tools for preventing and improving diagnosis of peri-implant diseases. Periodontol 2000 2019; 81:41-47. [PMID: 31407432 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory disease of tissues surrounding osseointegrated dental implants. Inflammation affecting soft and hard peri-implant tissues can cause alveolar bone resorption and subsequent implant loss. Clinical surveillance and early diagnosis are of paramount importance to reduce clinical failures and improve implant survival. Current diagnosis of implants is based on clinical and radiological signs. Molecular tests are an emerging diagnostic methodology, which potentially can help to detect and prevent early peri-implantitis and monitor the efficacy of therapy as well. A plethora of potential biomarkers are potentially available to support the clinical diagnosis of peri-implantitis. However, conflicting diagnostic conclusions have been reached, probably related to weak statistical results due to limited sample size or disease heterogeneity. The present paper reviews candidate diagnostic biomarkers for peri-implantitis, including infective agents, genetic susceptibility factors, and key proteins related to inflammation and tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Carinci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Georgios E Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Luca Scapoli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Doornewaard R, Glibert M, Matthys C, Vervaeke S, Bronkhorst E, de Bruyn H. Improvement of Quality of Life with Implant-Supported Mandibular Overdentures and the Effect of Implant Type and Surgical Procedure on Bone and Soft Tissue Stability: A Three-Year Prospective Split-Mouth Trial. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060773. [PMID: 31159202 PMCID: PMC6617188 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In fully edentulous patients, the support of a lower dental prosthesis by two implants could improve the chewing ability, retention, and stability of the prosthesis. Despite high success rates of dental implants, complications, such as peri-implantitis, do occur. The latter is a consequence of crestal bone loss and might be related to the implant surface and peri-implant soft tissue thickness. The aim of this paper is to describe the effect of implant surface roughness and soft tissue thickness on crestal bone remodeling, peri-implant health, and patient-centered outcomes. The mandibular overdenture supported by two implants is used as a split-mouth model to scrutinize these aims. The first study compared implants placed equicrestal to implants placed biologically (i.e., dependent on site-specific soft tissue thickness). The second clinical trial compared implants with a minimally to a moderately rough implant neck. Both studies reported an improvement in oral health-related quality of life and a stable peri-implant health after three years follow-up. Only equicrestal implant placement yielded significantly higher implant surface exposure, due to the establishment of the biologic width. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that an implant supported mandibular overdenture significantly improves the quality of life, with limited biologic complications and high survival rates of the implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Doornewaard
- Department Periodontology & Oral Implantology, Dental School, Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Maarten Glibert
- Department Periodontology & Oral Implantology, Dental School, Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Carine Matthys
- Department Periodontology & Oral Implantology, Dental School, Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Stijn Vervaeke
- Department Periodontology & Oral Implantology, Dental School, Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ewald Bronkhorst
- Section Implantology & Periodontology, Department of Dentistry, Radboudumc, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Hugo de Bruyn
- Department Periodontology & Oral Implantology, Dental School, Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Section Implantology & Periodontology, Department of Dentistry, Radboudumc, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Alotaibi M, Moran G, Grufferty B, Renvert S, Polyzois I. The effect of a decontamination protocol on contaminated titanium dental implant surfaces with different surface topography in edentulous patients. Acta Odontol Scand 2019; 77:66-75. [PMID: 30264636 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2018.1504986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate if it is possible to achieve complete decontamination of dental implant surfaces with different surface characteristics.Materials and methods: Twelve implant pieces with an Osseotite® surface and 12 implant pieces with a Ti-Unite® surface were attached on to the complete lower dentures of six patients and were allowed to accumulate plaque for 30 days. When retrieved, the implant decontamination protocol used, involved both mechanical (PeriBrush™) and chemical (3% H2O2) decontamination. The number of colony forming units per millilitre was determined and the dominant micro-organisms in selected samples was identified by 16s rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The effect of the titanium brush on the implant surface was examined by SEM.Results: Complete decontamination was achieved in five out of 24 implants (four Osseotite® and one Ti-Unite®). The mean CFU/ml detected after decontamination were 464.48 for Osseotite® and 729.09 for Ti-Unite® implants. On the surface of the implants in which complete decontamination was not achieved, all of the predominant bacteria identified were streptococci except for one which was identified as micrococcus. SEM images revealed that the surface features of the decontaminated implants were not significantly altered.Conclusions: Mechanical decontamination using a titanium brush supplemented with chemical treatment for one minute (3% H2O2) can achieve complete decontamination of implant surfaces in edentulous patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alotaibi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary Moran
- Microbiology Research Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan Grufferty
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefan Renvert
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
- Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Polyzois
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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Costa FO, Ferreira SD, Cortelli JR, Lima RPE, Cortelli SC, Cota LOM. Microbiological profile associated with peri-implant diseases in individuals with and without preventive maintenance therapy: a 5-year follow-up. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:3161-3171. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Larsen T, Fiehn NE. Dental biofilm infections - an update. APMIS 2017; 125:376-384. [PMID: 28407420 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Teeth are colonized by oral bacteria from saliva containing more than 700 different bacterial species. If removed regularly, the dental biofilm mainly comprises oral streptococci and is regarded as resident microflora. But if left undisturbed, a complex biofilm containing up to 100 bacterial species at a site will build up and may eventually cause development of disease. Depending on local ecological factors, the composition of the dental biofilm may vary considerably. With access to excess carbohydrates, the dental biofilm will be dominated by mainly gram-positive carbohydrate-fermenting bacteria causing demineralization of teeth, dental caries, which may further lead to inflammation and necrosis in the pulp and periapical region, i.e., pulpitis and periapical periodontitis. In supra- and subgingival biofilms, predominantly gram-negative, anaerobic proteolytic bacteria will colonize and cause gingival inflammation and breakdown of supporting periodontal fibers and bone and ultimately tooth loss, i.e., gingivitis, chronic or aggressive periodontitis, and around dental implants, peri-implantitis. Furthermore, bacteria from the dental biofilm may spread to other parts of the body by bacteremia and cause systemic disease. Basically, prevention and treatment of dental biofilm infections are achieved by regular personal and professional removal of the dental biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Larsen
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nils-Erik Fiehn
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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de Waal Y, Eijsbouts H, Winkel E, van Winkelhoff A. Microbial Characteristics of Peri-Implantitis: A Case-Control Study. J Periodontol 2017; 88:209-217. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Theodoridis C, Grigoriadis A, Menexes G, Vouros I. Outcomes of implant therapy in patients with a history of aggressive periodontitis. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:485-503. [PMID: 28013438 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-2026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the outcomes of implant therapy in partially dentate patients treated for aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) in comparison to periodontally healthy (HP) and patients treated for chronic periodontitis (CP) utilizing radiographic and clinical parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS An electronic search of databases, supplemented by hand searching, was conducted to identify relevant clinical studies. Sequential screenings at the title, abstract and full-text levels were performed independently and in duplicate. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted and bias corrected bootstrap 95 % confidence intervals were estimated for group comparisons. RESULTS The search strategy revealed a total of 899 results. After title screening, abstract scanning, and full-text reading, seven articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The 3-year survival rate for CP and HP patients was 100 % while in GAgP subjects, the respective value was 97.98 %; this difference being statistically significant. The 3-year mean marginal bone loss (MBL) was 1.07 mm for the GAgP group, 0.47 mm for the CP group, and 0.69 mm for the HP group. A significant difference between the GAgP and CP groups was identified (p < 0.05). The weighted mean differences of MBL concerning the above groups were also calculated and examined for statistical significance in both 1 and 3 years. CONCLUSIONS The 3-year survival rate and peri-implant marginal bone loss was found statistically significantly lower in GAgP subjects (SR 97.98 % vs 100 %) in comparison to HP and CP individuals. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The outcome of implant therapy in terms of survival rate and marginal bone loss is considered very important for the clinician in decision making when placing implants in patients with a history of aggressive periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Theodoridis
- Department of Dentoalveolar Surgery, Implant Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Grigoriadis
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Georgios Menexes
- School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Agronomy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vouros
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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In vitro analysis of the microbiological sealing of tapered implants after mechanical cycling. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:2437-2445. [PMID: 26895757 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the mechanical behavior and bacterial microleakage at the implant/abutment-tapered interface following mechanical cycling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two groups of screwless (Morse taper) implants (G1 and G2) and two groups of prosthetic screwed implants (G3 and G4) were tested. One group from each model (G2 and G4) were submitted to mechanical cycling, 500,000 cycles per sample, at a load of 120 N at 2 Hz prior to analysis. Microbiological analysis was performed via immersion of all samples in an Escherichia coli-containing suspension, incubated at 37 °C. After 14 days, the abutments were removed from their respective implants, registering the removal force (G1 and G2) or reverse torque (G3 and G4), and the presence of bacterial leakage was evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to analyze the tapered surfaces of the selected samples. The Student t, binomial, and G tests were used for statistical analysis at a 5 % significance level. RESULTS The results showed no significant difference between removal force, reverse torque, and contamination values when comparing implants of the same type. However, when the four groups were compared, contamination differed significantly (p = 0.044), with G1 having the least number of contaminated samples (8.3 %). SEM analysis showed superficial defects and damage. CONCLUSIONS The abutment removal force or torque was not affected by mechanical cycling. Bacterial sealing of the implant/abutment tapered interface was not effective for any condition analyzed. Imprecise machining of implant parts does not allow a sufficient contact area between surfaces to provide effective sealing and prevent bacterial leakage. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The microscopic gap caused by unsatisfactory implant/abutment adaptation, surface irregularities, and plastic deformation of all parts enabled bacterial contamination of the oral implants.
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de Moraes Rego MR, Torres MF, Santiago LC, Lira-Junior R, Lourenço EJV, de Moraes Telles D, Figueredo CM. Osseointegrated implants placed at supracrestal level may harbour higher counts of A. gerencseriae and S. constellatus - a randomized, controlled pilot study. J Oral Microbiol 2015; 7:27685. [PMID: 26499108 PMCID: PMC4620688 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v7.27685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed at evaluating the bacterial colonization in dental implants inserted in the crestal or supracrestal position and correlated it to radiographic bone measurements. Methods Thirty-five implants with regular platform in nine patients (mean age 62.4±11.2 years) were inserted either at the bone crest level (control group) or at a suprecrestal level (test group). Radiographic examination was performed at baseline (implant installation) and after 6 months. Clinical and microbiological data were collected after 6 months. Digital radiography was used to assess bone remodeling (marginal bone loss and optical alveolar density). Bacterial profile was analyzed by checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization, including a panel of 40 bacterial species. Results After 6 months, there were significantly higher counts of Actinomyces gerencseriae (p=0.009) and Streptococcus constellatus (p=0.05) in the test group. No significant differences between test and control groups were observed for marginal bone loss (p=0.725) and optical alveolar density (p=0.975). Probing depth was similar in both groups. Conclusion Significantly higher counts of A. gerencseriae and S. constellatus were found in implants placed at the supracrestal level compared to the ones placed at the bone level. No relation was found between the installation level of dental implants and peri-implant bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Ferreira Torres
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Santiago
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Lira-Junior
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Veras Lourenço
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Moraes Telles
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Marcelo Figueredo
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
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Renvert S, Quirynen M. Risk indicators for peri-implantitis. A narrative review. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015; 26 Suppl 11:15-44. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Renvert
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; Kristianstad University; Kristianstad Sweden
- School of Dental Sciences; Trinity College; Dublin Ireland
- Blekinge Institute of Technology; Karlskrona Sweden
| | - Marc Quirynen
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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Abstract
Appropriate treatment of implants is becoming increasingly important for the general dentist as the number of implants placed per year continues to increase. Early diagnosis of peri-implantitis is imperative; initiating the correct treatment protocol depends on a proper diagnosis. Several risk factors exist for the development of peri-implantitis, which can guide patient selection and treatment planning. Treatment of peri-implantitis should be tailored to the severity of the lesion (as outlined by the cumulative interceptive supportive treatment protocol), ranging from mechanical debridement to explantation. Several surgical and nonsurgical treatment alternatives exist. There is little consensus on superior treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Robertson
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Medicine, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical center, 2160 S. First Ave., Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Timothy Shahbazian
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Medicine, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical center, 2160 S. First Ave., Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.
| | - Stephen MacLeod
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Medicine, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical center, 2160 S. First Ave., Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
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de Waal YCM, Winkel EG, Raangs GC, van der Vusse ML, Rossen JWA, van Winkelhoff AJ. Changes in oral microflora after full-mouth tooth extraction: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:981-9. [PMID: 25065274 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of full-mouth tooth extraction on the oral microflora, with emphasis on the presence and load of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Adult patients (n = 30), with moderate to advanced periodontitis and scheduled for full-mouth tooth extraction, were consecutively selected. Prior to and 1 and 3 months after full-mouth tooth extraction saliva, tongue, buccal and gingival mucosa and subgingival plaque/prosthesis samples were obtained. Aerobic and anaerobic culture techniques and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were employed for the detection of oral pathogens. RESULTS Full-mouth tooth extraction resulted in reduction below detection level of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis in 15 of 16 and 8 of 16 previously positive patients using culture techniques and qPCR, respectively. Those patients remaining qPCR positive showed a significant reduction in load of these bacteria. CONCLUSION Full-mouth tooth extraction significantly changes the oral microflora. These changes include reduction of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, frequently to levels below detection threshold. In some patients, A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis can persist in the edentulous oral cavity up to 3 months after full-mouth tooth extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne C M de Waal
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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