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Shamsabadi R, Baghani HR. Impact of gadolinium concentration and cell oxygen levels on radiobiological characteristics of gadolinium neutron capture therapy technique in brain tumor treatment. Radiol Phys Technol 2024; 17:135-142. [PMID: 37989987 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-023-00758-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Neutron capture therapy (NCT) with various concentrations of gadolinium (157Gd) is one of the treatment modalities for glioblastoma (GBM) tumors. Current study aims to evaluate how variations of 157Gd concentration and cell oxygen levels can affect the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of gadolinium neutron capture therapy (GdNCT) technique through a hybrid Monte Carlo (MC) simulation approach. At first, Snyder phantom including a spherical tumor was simulated by Geant4 MC code and relevant energy electron spectra to different 157Gd concentrations including 100, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm were calculated following the neutron irradiation of simulated phantom. Scored energy electron spectra were then imported to Monte Carlo damage simulation (MCDS) code to estimate RBE values (both RBESSB and RBEDSB) at different gadolinium concentrations and oxygen levels from 10 to 100%. The results indicate that variations of 157Gd can affect the energy spectrum of released secondary electrons including Auger electrons. Variation of gadolinium concentration from 100 to 1000 ppm in tumor region can change RBESSB and RBEDSB values by about 0.1% and 0.5%, respectively. Besides, maximum variations of 4.3% and 2% were calculated for RBEDSB and RBESSB when cell oxygen level changed from 10 to 100%. From the results, variations of considered gadolinium and oxygen concentrations during GdNCT can influence RBE values. Nevertheless, due to the not remarkable changes in the intensity of Auger electrons, a slight difference in RBE values would be expected at various 157Gd concentrations, although considerable RBE changes were calculated relevant to the oxygen alternations inside tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shamsabadi
- Physics Department, Hakim Sabzevari University, Daneshgah Blvd, P.O. 9617976487, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Baghani
- Physics Department, Hakim Sabzevari University, Daneshgah Blvd, P.O. 9617976487, Sabzevar, Iran.
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2
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Cao Q, Ye X, Wu X, Zhang Q, Gong J, Chen Y, You Y, Shen J, Qiang Y, Cao G. Therapeutic efficacy of rare earth carbonate with chemoradiotherapy in late-stage non-small cell lung cancer: a cohort prospective study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1301032. [PMID: 38192415 PMCID: PMC10773736 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1301032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the therapeutic effects and adverse reactions of sterilizing rare earth carbonate combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy and simple concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of late-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to analyze the reasons for the differences. Method A total of 817 patients with pathologically diagnosed late-stage NSCLC from June 1, 2021 to December 30, 2022, in the affiliated hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, were selected. They were randomly divided into a control group of 394 people and an experimental group of 423 people. The control group was given concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cisplatin + etoposide), while the experimental group simultaneously took a low dose of sterilized rare earth carbonate (0.05mg/Kg). The χ² test and Fisher's test were used to compare the clinical pathological features, objective response rate (ORR), ECOG score, and adverse reactions of the two groups of patients, while survival analysis was used to compare the progression-free survival (PFS) of the two groups. Cox regression analysis was used to test factors related to prognosis. Results The differences in clinical pathological features between the two groups of patients were not statistically significant, with all P>0.05. The ORR of the control group was 45.18% (178/394), and the experimental group was 89.83% (380/423), with a statistically significant difference (P=0.001). After treatment, the ECOG score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, P<0.001. The adverse reaction grading of patients in both groups was below level 3 after treatment, and no treatment-related fatalities occurred. The risk of pulmonary infection and bone marrow suppression in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group. Conclusion In late-stage NSCLC patients, compared with simple concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the combination of concurrent chemoradiotherapy and sterilizing rare earth carbonate can significantly improve the short-term therapeutic effect and prognosis of patients, with good safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cao
- Department of Earth Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Ye
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Undergraduate Department, Taishan University, Taian, China
| | - Junling Gong
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuquan Chen
- Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei You
- Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Qiang
- Department of Earth Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Guangzhu Cao
- Department of Earth Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Yoon DE, Kim NR, Park SJ, Jeong TY, Eun B, Cho Y, Lim SY, Lee H, Seong JK, Kim K. Precise base editing without unintended indels in human cells and mouse primary myoblasts. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2586-2595. [PMID: 38036737 PMCID: PMC10766602 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Base editors are powerful tools for making precise single-nucleotide changes in the genome. However, they can lead to unintended insertions and deletions at the target sites, which is a significant limitation for clinical applications. In this study, we aimed to eliminate unwanted indels at the target sites caused by various evolved base editors. Accordingly, we applied dead Cas9 instead of nickase Cas9 in the base editors to induce accurate substitutions without indels. Additionally, we tested the use of chromatin-modulating peptides in the base editors to improve nucleotide conversion efficiency. We found that using both dead Cas9 and chromatin-modulating peptides in base editing improved the nucleotide substitution efficiency without unintended indel mutations at the desired target sites in human cell lines and mouse primary myoblasts. Furthermore, the proposed scheme had fewer off-target effects than conventional base editors at the DNA level. These results indicate that the suggested approach is promising for the development of more accurate and safer base editing techniques for use in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Eun Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Rae Kim
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ji Park
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yeong Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokkee Eun
- Core Laboratory for Convergent Translational Research, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongcheol Cho
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Lim
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Lee
- Department of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 28116, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyoung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program Plus for Advanced Veterinary Science, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology, BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Classen S, Petersen C, Borgmann K. Crosstalk between immune checkpoint and DNA damage response inhibitors for radiosensitization of tumors. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:1152-1163. [PMID: 37420037 PMCID: PMC10674014 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review article is intended to provide a perspective overview of potential strategies to overcome radiation resistance of tumors through the combined use of immune checkpoint and DNA repair inhibitors. METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed using the terms ("DNA repair* and DNA damage response* and intracellular immune response* and immune checkpoint inhibition* and radio*") until January 31, 2023. Articles were manually selected based on their relevance to the topics analyzed. RESULTS Modern radiotherapy offers a wide range of options for tumor treatment. Radiation-resistant subpopulations of the tumor pose a particular challenge for complete cure. This is due to the enhanced activation of molecular defense mechanisms that prevent cell death because of DNA damage. Novel approaches to enhance tumor cure are provided by immune checkpoint inhibitors, but their effectiveness, especially in tumors without increased mutational burden, also remains limited. Combining inhibitors of both immune checkpoints and DNA damage response with radiation may be an attractive option to augment existing therapies and is the subject of the data summarized here. CONCLUSION The combination of tested inhibitors of DNA damage and immune responses in preclinical models opens additional attractive options for the radiosensitization of tumors and represents a promising application for future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Classen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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Nickoloff JA, Jaiswal AS, Sharma N, Williamson EA, Tran MT, Arris D, Yang M, Hromas R. Cellular Responses to Widespread DNA Replication Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16903. [PMID: 38069223 PMCID: PMC10707325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Replicative DNA polymerases are blocked by nearly all types of DNA damage. The resulting DNA replication stress threatens genome stability. DNA replication stress is also caused by depletion of nucleotide pools, DNA polymerase inhibitors, and DNA sequences or structures that are difficult to replicate. Replication stress triggers complex cellular responses that include cell cycle arrest, replication fork collapse to one-ended DNA double-strand breaks, induction of DNA repair, and programmed cell death after excessive damage. Replication stress caused by specific structures (e.g., G-rich sequences that form G-quadruplexes) is localized but occurs during the S phase of every cell division. This review focuses on cellular responses to widespread stress such as that caused by random DNA damage, DNA polymerase inhibition/nucleotide pool depletion, and R-loops. Another form of global replication stress is seen in cancer cells and is termed oncogenic stress, reflecting dysregulated replication origin firing and/or replication fork progression. Replication stress responses are often dysregulated in cancer cells, and this too contributes to ongoing genome instability that can drive cancer progression. Nucleases play critical roles in replication stress responses, including MUS81, EEPD1, Metnase, CtIP, MRE11, EXO1, DNA2-BLM, SLX1-SLX4, XPF-ERCC1-SLX4, Artemis, XPG, FEN1, and TATDN2. Several of these nucleases cleave branched DNA structures at stressed replication forks to promote repair and restart of these forks. We recently defined roles for EEPD1 in restarting stressed replication forks after oxidative DNA damage, and for TATDN2 in mitigating replication stress caused by R-loop accumulation in BRCA1-defective cells. We also discuss how insights into biological responses to genome-wide replication stress can inform novel cancer treatment strategies that exploit synthetic lethal relationships among replication stress response factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jac A. Nickoloff
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Aruna S. Jaiswal
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Williamson
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Manh T. Tran
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Dominic Arris
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
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Wu S, Yan M, Liang M, Yang W, Chen J, Zhou J. Supramolecular host-guest nanosystems for overcoming cancer drug resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:805-827. [PMID: 38263983 PMCID: PMC10804391 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Cancer drug resistance has become one of the main challenges for the failure of chemotherapy, greatly limiting the selection and use of anticancer drugs and dashing the hopes of cancer patients. The emergence of supramolecular host-guest nanosystems has brought the field of supramolecular chemistry into the nanoworld, providing a potential solution to this challenge. Compared with conventional chemotherapeutic platforms, supramolecular host-guest nanosystems can reverse cancer drug resistance by increasing drug uptake, reducing drug efflux, activating drugs, and inhibiting DNA repair. Herein, we summarize the research progress of supramolecular host-guest nanosystems for overcoming cancer drug resistance and discuss the future research direction in this field. It is hoped that this review will provide more positive references for overcoming cancer drug resistance and promoting the development of supramolecular host-guest nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Miaomiao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Minghao Liang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiong Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
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Goangul MS, Stewart WC, Erenso D, Crogman HT. The radiation response measurement of a single and multiple cell ionization of neuroblastoma cells by infrared laser trap. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:113-125. [PMID: 36527720 PMCID: PMC9855329 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common type of cancer found mostly in infants and arising from the immature neural crest cells of the sympathetic nervous system. Using laser trapping (LT) technique, the present work contributes to advancing radiotherapy (RT), a leading treatment method for cancer. A single, 2-cells, 3-cells, 4-cells, and 5-cells were trapped using the high-intensity gradient infrared laser at 1064 nm and allowed to become ionized. In this work, a systematic study of Threshold Ionization Energy (TIE) and Threshold Radiation Dose (TRD) versus mass for both single and multi-cell ionization using laser trapping (LT) techniques on NB is presented. The results show that TIE increased as the mass of cells increased, meanwhile TRD decreased with the increase of cell mass. We observed an inverse correlation between TRD and cell mass. We demonstrate how to compute the maximum radiation dosage for cell death using the LT technique. Results show a possible blueprint for computing the TRD in vivo. The use of multiple cell ionization to determine radiation dosage along with better data accuracy concerning the tumor size and density will have profound implications for radiation dosimetry. The diminution in TRD becomes more significant in multiple cell ionization as we see in TRD vs the number of cells entering the trap. This is due to the chain effect generated by radiation and the absorption by water molecules at 1064 nm. This result provides us with better insight into the optimization of the therapeutic ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta S Goangul
- Department of Physics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 1000, Ethiopia
| | - William C Stewart
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, USA
| | - Daniel Erenso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, USA
| | - Horace T Crogman
- Corresponding author. Department of Physics, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, California, 90747, USA. Tel: +1-310-243-2092; E-mail:
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Rajput M, Mishra D, Kumar K, Singh RP. Silibinin Radiosensitizes EGF Receptor-knockdown Prostate Cancer Cells by Attenuating DNA Repair Pathways. J Cancer Prev 2022; 27:170-181. [PMID: 36258717 PMCID: PMC9537578 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2022.27.3.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence of radioresistance in prostate cancer (PCa) cells is a major obstacle in cancer therapy and contributes to the relapse of the disease. EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling plays an important role in the development of radioresistance. Herein, we have assessed the modulatory effects of silibinin on radiation-induced resistance via DNA repair pathways in EGFR-knockdown DU145 cells. shRNA-based silencing of EGFR was done in radioresistant human PCa DU145 cells and effects of ionizing radiation (IR) and silibinin were assessed using clonogenic and trypan blue assays. Furthermore, radiosensitizing effects of silibinin on PCa in context with EGFR were analyzed using flow cytometry, comet assay, and immunoblotting. Silibinin decreased the colony formation ability with an increased death of DU145 cells exposed to IR (5 Gray), with a concomitant decrease in Rad51 protein expression. Silibinin (25 μM) augmented the IR-induced cytotoxic effect in EGFR-knockdown PCa cells, along with induction of G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Further, we studied homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways in silibinin-induced DNA double-strand breaks in EGFR-knockdown DU145 cells. Silibinin down-regulated the expression of Rad51 and DNA-dependent protein kinase proteins without any considerable effect on Ku70 and Ku80 in IR-exposed EGFR-knockdown PCa cells. The pro-survival signaling proteins, phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2, phospho-Akt and phospho-STAT3 were decreased by silibinin in EGFR-deficient PCa cells. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of silibinin-induced radiosensitization of PCa cells by targeting DNA repair pathways, HR and NHEJ, and suppressing the pro-survival signaling pathways, ERK1/2, Akt and STAT3, in EGFR-knockdown PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Rajput
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepali Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kunal Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rana P. Singh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, New Delhi, India,Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India,Correspondence to Rana P. Singh, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4261-7044
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Daddacha W, Monroe D, Carver K, Usoro ER, Alptekin A, Xu H, Osuka S, Arbab AS, Sakamuro D. Viral Particle-Mediated SAMHD1 Depletion Sensitizes Refractory Glioblastoma to DNA-Damaging Therapeutics by Impairing Homologous Recombination. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184490. [PMID: 36139652 PMCID: PMC9497202 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal and common primary brain tumor that accounts for about 50% of all diagnosed malignant gliomas. Despite aggressive standard-of-care treatment of surgical resection followed by γ-irradiation (IR) and DNA alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ), the average post-diagnosis survival time for a GBM patient remains at 15 months. This is mainly due to acquired resistance and limited therapeutic options. Sterile alpha motif and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) supports DNA double-strand break repair by promoting homologous recombination (HR) and it can be targeted to proteasomal degradation by viral protein X (Vpx). We aim to evaluate whether depleting SAMHD1 sensitizes refractory GBM to IR and TMZ, and the possibility of utilizing Vpx as therapeutic tool. We report that SAMHD1 is highly expressed in GBM. Vpx-mediated SAMHD1 depletion impaired HR and sensitized GBM cells to IR and TMZ. Our finding demonstrates the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting SAMHD1 with Vpx in GBM. Abstract The current standard-of-care treatment for glioblastoma includes DNA damaging agents, γ-irradiation (IR) and temozolomide (TMZ). These treatments fail frequently and there is limited alternative strategy. Therefore, identifying a new therapeutic target is urgently needed to develop a strategy that improves the efficacy of the existing treatments. Here, we report that tumor samples from GBM patients express a high level of SAMHD1, emphasizing SAMHD1’s importance. The depletion of SAMHD1 using virus-like particles containing Vpx, VLP(+Vpx), sensitized two independent GBM cell lines (LN-229 and U-87) to veliparib, a well-established PARP inhibitor, and slowed cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. In the mouse GBM xenograft model, Vpx-mediated SAMHD1 depletion reduced tumor growth and SAMHD1 knockout (KO) improved survival. In combination with IR or TMZ, SAMHD1 KO and exposure to 50% growth inhibitory dose (gID50) of VLP(+Vpx) displayed a synergistic effect, resulting in impaired HR, and improved LN-229 cells’ sensitivity to TMZ and IR. In conclusion, our finding demonstrates that SAMHD1 promotes GBM resistance to treatment, and it is a plausible therapeutic target to improve the efficacy of TMZ and IR in GBM. Furthermore, we show that Vpx could be a potential therapeutic tool that can be utilized to deplete SAMHD1 in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waaqo Daddacha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-0272
| | - Dominique Monroe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Kristen Carver
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Edidiong R. Usoro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ahmet Alptekin
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Satoru Osuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Ali S. Arbab
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Daitoku Sakamuro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Vanneste D, Staal J, Haegman M, Driege Y, Carels M, Van Nuffel E, De Bleser P, Saeys Y, Beyaert R, Afonina IS. CARD14 Signalling Ensures Cell Survival and Cancer Associated Gene Expression in Prostate Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082008. [PMID: 36009554 PMCID: PMC9405774 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancer types in men and represents an increasing global problem due to the modern Western lifestyle. The signalling adapter protein CARD14 is specifically expressed in epithelial cells, where it has been shown to mediate NF-κB signalling, but a role for CARD14 in carcinoma has not yet been described. By analysing existing cancer databases, we found that CARD14 overexpression strongly correlates with aggressive PCa in human patients. Moreover, we showed that CARD14 is overexpressed in the LNCaP PCa cell line and that knockdown of CARD14 severely reduces LNCaP cell survival. Similarly, knockdown of BCL10 and MALT1, which are known to form a signalling complex with CARD14, also induced LNCaP cell death. MALT1 is a paracaspase that mediates downstream signalling by acting as a scaffold, as well as a protease. Recent studies have already indicated a role for the scaffold function of MALT1 in PCa cell growth. Here, we also demonstrated constitutive MALT1 proteolytic activity in several PCa cell lines, leading to cleavage of A20 and CYLD. Inhibition of MALT1 protease activity did not affect PCa cell survival nor activation of NF-κB and JNK signalling, but reduced expression of cancer-associated genes, including the cytokine IL-6. Taken together, our results revealed a novel role for CARD14-induced signalling in regulating PCa cell survival and gene expression. The epithelial cell type-specific expression of CARD14 may offer novel opportunities for more specific therapeutic targeting approaches in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domien Vanneste
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens Staal
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mira Haegman
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yasmine Driege
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marieke Carels
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Nuffel
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Bleser
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Unit of Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Unit of Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Inna S. Afonina
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Nickoloff JA, Sharma N, Taylor L, Allen SJ, Hromas R. Nucleases and Co-Factors in DNA Replication Stress Responses. DNA 2022; 2:68-85. [PMID: 36203968 PMCID: PMC9534323 DOI: 10.3390/dna2010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA replication stress is a constant threat that cells must manage to proliferate and maintain genome integrity. DNA replication stress responses, a subset of the broader DNA damage response (DDR), operate when the DNA replication machinery (replisome) is blocked or replication forks collapse during S phase. There are many sources of replication stress, such as DNA lesions caused by endogenous and exogenous agents including commonly used cancer therapeutics, and difficult-to-replicate DNA sequences comprising fragile sites, G-quadraplex DNA, hairpins at trinucleotide repeats, and telomeres. Replication stress is also a consequence of conflicts between opposing transcription and replication, and oncogenic stress which dysregulates replication origin firing and fork progression. Cells initially respond to replication stress by protecting blocked replisomes, but if the offending problem (e.g., DNA damage) is not bypassed or resolved in a timely manner, forks may be cleaved by nucleases, inducing a DNA double-strand break (DSB) and providing a means to accurately restart stalled forks via homologous recombination. However, DSBs pose their own risks to genome stability if left unrepaired or misrepaired. Here we focus on replication stress response systems, comprising DDR signaling, fork protection, and fork processing by nucleases that promote fork repair and restart. Replication stress nucleases include MUS81, EEPD1, Metnase, CtIP, MRE11, EXO1, DNA2-BLM, SLX1-SLX4, XPF-ERCC1-SLX4, Artemis, XPG, and FEN1. Replication stress factors are important in cancer etiology as suppressors of genome instability associated with oncogenic mutations, and as potential cancer therapy targets to enhance the efficacy of chemo- and radiotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jac A. Nickoloff
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Lynn Taylor
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Sage J. Allen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Robert Hromas
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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12
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Nickoloff JA, Sharma N, Taylor L, Allen SJ, Lee SH, Hromas R. Metnase and EEPD1: DNA Repair Functions and Potential Targets in Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:808757. [PMID: 35155245 PMCID: PMC8831698 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.808757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling and DNA repair systems, described as the DNA damage response (DDR). Clarifying DDR pathways and their dysregulation in cancer are important for understanding cancer etiology, how cancer cells exploit the DDR to survive endogenous and treatment-related stress, and to identify DDR targets as therapeutic targets. Cancer is often treated with genotoxic chemicals and/or ionizing radiation. These agents are cytotoxic because they induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) directly, or indirectly by inducing replication stress which causes replication fork collapse to DSBs. EEPD1 and Metnase are structure-specific nucleases, and Metnase is also a protein methyl transferase that methylates histone H3 and itself. EEPD1 and Metnase promote repair of frank, two-ended DSBs, and both promote the timely and accurate restart of replication forks that have collapsed to single-ended DSBs. In addition to its roles in HR, Metnase also promotes DSB repair by classical non-homologous recombination, and chromosome decatenation mediated by TopoIIα. Although mutations in Metnase and EEPD1 are not common in cancer, both proteins are frequently overexpressed, which may help tumor cells manage oncogenic stress or confer resistance to therapeutics. Here we focus on Metnase and EEPD1 DNA repair pathways, and discuss opportunities for targeting these pathways to enhance cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jac A Nickoloff
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Lynn Taylor
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sage J Allen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Suk-Hee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Robert Hromas
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
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13
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Gomes ER, Franco MS. Combining Nanocarrier-Assisted Delivery of Molecules and Radiotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010105. [PMID: 35057001 PMCID: PMC8781448 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is responsible for a significant proportion of death all over the world. Therefore, strategies to improve its treatment are highly desired. The use of nanocarriers to deliver anticancer treatments has been extensively investigated and improved since the approval of the first liposomal formulation for cancer treatment in 1995. Radiotherapy (RT) is present in the disease management strategy of around 50% of cancer patients. In the present review, we bring the state-of-the-art information on the combination of nanocarrier-assisted delivery of molecules and RT. We start with formulations designed to encapsulate single or multiple molecules that, once delivered to the tumor site, act directly on the cells to improve the effects of RT. Then, we describe formulations designed to modulate the tumor microenvironment by delivering oxygen or to boost the abscopal effect. Finally, we present how RT can be employed to trigger molecule delivery from nanocarriers or to modulate the EPR effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Rocha Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Marina Santiago Franco
- Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), 85764 München, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-3187-48767
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14
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Nickoloff JA, Sharma N, Taylor L, Allen SJ, Hromas R. The Safe Path at the Fork: Ensuring Replication-Associated DNA Double-Strand Breaks are Repaired by Homologous Recombination. Front Genet 2021; 12:748033. [PMID: 34646312 PMCID: PMC8502867 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.748033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells must replicate and segregate their DNA to daughter cells accurately to maintain genome stability and prevent cancer. DNA replication is usually fast and accurate, with intrinsic (proofreading) and extrinsic (mismatch repair) error-correction systems. However, replication forks slow or stop when they encounter DNA lesions, natural pause sites, and difficult-to-replicate sequences, or when cells are treated with DNA polymerase inhibitors or hydroxyurea, which depletes nucleotide pools. These challenges are termed replication stress, to which cells respond by activating DNA damage response signaling pathways that delay cell cycle progression, stimulate repair and replication fork restart, or induce apoptosis. Stressed forks are managed by rescue from adjacent forks, repriming, translesion synthesis, template switching, and fork reversal which produces a single-ended double-strand break (seDSB). Stressed forks also collapse to seDSBs when they encounter single-strand nicks or are cleaved by structure-specific nucleases. Reversed and cleaved forks can be restarted by homologous recombination (HR), but seDSBs pose risks of mis-rejoining by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) to other DSBs, causing genome rearrangements. HR requires resection of broken ends to create 3' single-stranded DNA for RAD51 recombinase loading, and resected ends are refractory to repair by NHEJ. This Mini Review highlights mechanisms that help maintain genome stability by promoting resection of seDSBs and accurate fork restart by HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jac A Nickoloff
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Lynn Taylor
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sage J Allen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Robert Hromas
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
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15
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van Waardenburg RCAM, Yang ES. Targeting DNA repair pathways to overcome cancer drug resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:837-841. [PMID: 34532658 PMCID: PMC8443189 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C A M van Waardenburg
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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