Hepatocellular carcinoma cell-derived small extracellular vesicle-associated CD147 serves as a diagnostic marker and promotes endothelial cell angiogenesis via the PI3K/Akt pathway

Potentiating Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via the Humanized Anti-CD147 Antibody

BACKGROUND

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with high metastatic potential, poor prognosis, and the absence of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The lack of these receptors limits the standard treatments, such as hormone therapies and HER2-targeted antibodies like trastuzumab. These challenges highlight the critical need for novel therapeutic strategies. CD147, a transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed in TNBC, promotes tumor progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance, making it a promising therapeutic target. This study evaluates the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of HuM6-1B9, a humanized anti-CD147 antibody, against MDA-MB-231 cells, a TNBC model.

METHODS

CFSE-labelled MDA-MB-231 cells were co-cultured with PBMCs as effector cells (E:T ratio 80:1) in the presence of HuM6-1B9 and incubated for 4 h. Cells were then collected and stained with PI, and CFSE+/PI+ dead target cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.

RESULTS

Co-culturing MDA-MB-231 cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the presence of HuM6-1B9 demonstrated effective ADCC induction without direct cytotoxicity. HuM6-1B9 induced 54.01% cancer cell death via ADCC, significantly outperforming trastuzumab (26.14%) while sparing PBMCs.

CONCLUSION

These findings support HuM6-1B9 as a prospective TNBC therapeutic and warrant further investigation into its clinical potential.

In silico identification and verification of Tanshinone IIA-related prognostic genes in hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND

Currently, adequate treatment and prognostic prediction means for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) haven't entered into medical vision. Tanshinone IIA (TanIIA) is a natural product, which can be utilized as a potential treatment of HCC due to its high anti-tumor activity. However, the effect on HCC prognosis, as well as the potential targets and molecular mechanism of TanIIA still remain ambiguous. Herein, we investigated them via network pharmacology, explored TanIIA-related prognostic genes by machine learning methods, and verified using molecular docking and cell experiments.

METHODS

Potential TanIIA-targeted genes and HCC-related genes were obtained from the corresponding database. The Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network and enrichment analyses of the intersection targets were conducted. Furthermore, a TanIIA-related prognostic model was built and verified. We attempted to explore the expression of the TanIIA-related prognostic genes and evaluate its chemotherapeutic sensitivities and the immune infiltrations. Followed by exploration of anti-tumor activity on the human HCC cells Hep3B and HepG2 cell lines in vitro (CCK-8, flow cytometry and transwell assay), the docking molecular was performed. Ultimately, the corresponding protein expressions were determined by western blotting.

RESULTS

A total of 64 intersecting targets were collected. Similarly, GO/KEGG enrichment analysis showed that TanIIA can inhibit HCC by affecting multiple pathways, especially the MAPK signaling pathway. A five-gene signature related to TanIIA was constructed on account of Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox regression model. Among five genes, ALB, ESR1 and SRC tend to be core genes because of probable status as potential targets for sorafenib. Molecular docking results demonstrated the potential for active interaction between the core genes relevant proteins and TanIIA. Studies in vitro had shown that TanIIA regulated the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and MMP9 in HCC cells, inhibiting their growth, inducing apoptosis and preventing cell invasion. Additionally, we are able to detect an up-regulated trend in the expression of ALB and ESR1, while a down-regulated in the expression of SRC by TanIIA.

CONCLUSION

Regulating the expression of TanIIA-related gene signatures (ALB, SRC and ESR1), and inhibiting the SRC/MAPK/ERK signaling axis might potentially contribute to the TanIIA treatment of HCC. And the three gene signatures could be identified for predicting the prognosis of HCC, which may provide novel biomarkers for HCC treatment.

Engineered extracellular vesicles for tissue repair and regeneration

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous membrane-like vesicles secreted by living cells that are involved in many physiological and pathological processes and act as intermediaries of intercellular communication and molecular transfer. Recent studies have shown that EVs from specific sources regulate tissue repair and regeneration by delivering proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids to target cells as signaling molecules. Nanotechnology breakthroughs have facilitated the development and exploration of engineered EVs for tissue repair. Enhancements through gene editing, surface modification, and content modification have further improved their therapeutic efficacy. This review summarizes the potential of EVs in tissue repair and regeneration, their mechanisms of action, and their research progress in regenerative medicine. This review highlights their design logic through typical examples and explores the development prospects of EVs in tissue repair. The aim of this review is to provide new insights into the design of EVs for tissue repair and regeneration applications, thereby expanding their use in regenerative medicine.

Electrochemical detection of extracellular vesicles for early diagnosis: a focus on disease biomarker analysis

This review article presents a detailed examination of the integral role that electrochemical detection of extracellular vesicles (EVs) plays, particularly focusing on the potential application for early disease diagnostics through EVs biomarker analysis. Through an exploration of the benefits and challenges presented by electrochemical detection vetted for protein, lipid, and nucleic acid biomarker analysis, we underscore the significance of these techniques. Evidence from recent studies renders this detection modality imperative in identifying diverse biomarkers from EVs, leading to early diagnosis of diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent advancements that have led to enhanced sensitivity, specificity and point-of-care testing (POCT) potential are elucidated, along with equipment deployed for electrochemical detection. The review concludes with a contemplation of future perspectives, recognizing the potential shifts in disease diagnostics and prognosis, necessary advances for broad adoption, and potential areas of ongoing research. The objective is to propel further investigation into this rapidly burgeoning field, thereby facilitating a potential paradigm shift in disease detection, monitoring, and treatment toward human health management.