EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF THE HYDRO-ETHANOLIC ROOT EXTRACT OF ZANTHOXYLUM ZANTHOXYLOIDES ON HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN CYCLOPHOSPAMIDE TREATED RATS

Validated herbal extracts for alleviating chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Myelosuppression is a major side effect of chemotherapy. It impairs hematopoietic function of bone marrow, decreases immunity, increases uncontrolled bleeding. Advanced myelosuppression even forces discontinuation of treatment. The agents that reduce myelosuppression can promote outcomes of clinical chemotherapy, and herbal extracts show the effects.

PURPOSE

This study aims to evaluate the effects of herbal extracts on chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression, providing evidence of their potential in mitigating myelosuppression and exploring their prospects for further clinical application.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic search in six English and Chinese databases and screened studies that met the inclusion criteria. Through a systematic review of animal experiments, data were extracted and analyzed from studies that evaluated the effect of herbal extracts on myelosuppression, provided appropriate control groups for comparison, and reported key outcomes related to myelosuppression. We screened 6169 articles and ultimately selected 95 experimental studies for final analysis.

RESULTS

The comprehensive analysis indicates that herbal extracts have a significant protective effect on myelosuppression. Herbal extracts treatment increases levels of hemoglobin, white blood cells, platelets, and granulocytes, while also enhancing immunity, which may be an effective way to alleviate chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression.

CONCLUSION

This systematic review and meta-analysis underscore the significant role of herbal extracts in alleviating chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression, laying a foundation for future clinical.

Cytochrome c Expression by Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) on Cervical Cancer Histology

&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Andaliman is a wild plant in Indonesia and it has been used for centuries as traditional medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of methanol extract of andaliman on apoptosis cancer cells via cytochrome c protein. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The rats are divided into 5 groups. K: Control, K&lt;sub&gt;+&lt;/sub&gt;: Cancer model rats, P&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;: A dose of 100 mg/b.wt./day of andaliman, P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;: A dose of 200 mg/b.wt./day and P&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;: A dose of 400 mg/kg/b.wt./day for 30 days. The rats were dissected, then the cervical tissue was prepared on paraffin blocks, given Immunohistochemistry staining with cytochrome c antibody. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; There was a significant difference in body and cervical weight (p<0.01). The histology also showed a significant difference between each treatment (p<0.01) in cytochrome c. The highest cytochrome c expression was at P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and the lowest was at K&lt;sub&gt;-&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Andaliman methanol extract can thus be developed into a cervical cancer drug candidate because it can reduce the positive index of cytochrome c in cervical histology.

Mechanochemical preparation of kaempferol intermolecular complexes for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability

In this study, complexes of kaempferol (KF) with polysaccharide arabinogalactan (AG) and disodium glycyrrhizinate (Na₂GA) were prepared through mechanochemical technique to improve the solubility and bioavailability of KF. The physicochemical properties and the interactions of KF with AG/Na₂GA were investigated through dissolution, SEM, XRD, and DSC studies. The reduction of particle sizes and destruction of crystal forms revealed the formation of solid dispersion which may have assisted the dissolution of the drug. The accelerated stability study showed higher stability for KF-Na₂GA complex. In vivo pharmacokinetic study was performed to observe the plasma drug concentrations for KF complexes. Mechanochemical complexation of KF with AG/Na₂GA improved the pharmacological activity as evident by the inhibitory potential of the complexes towards carbohydrate metabolic enzymes. In vivo studies were performed in STZ-induced diabetic mice, where the group treated with KF-AG complex showed better liver and kidney function and lower blood glucose levels than pure KF. Therefore, mechanochemical complexes of KF with polysaccharide or glycyrrhizate may serve as a promising formulation for the treatment of diabetes.

Antigenotoxic and Antioxidant Activity of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Napoleona Vogelii Hook & Planch (Lecythidaceae) In Cyclophosphamide-Induced Genotoxicity

BACKGROUND:

Napoleona vogelii is used in traditional medicine for cancer management.

AIM:

The study was conducted to evaluate the antigenotoxic and antioxidant activities of methanol stem bark extract of N. vogelii in male Sprague Dawley rats.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:

Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into group 1 (control) administered 10 mL/kg distilled water, groups 2 and 3 were co-administered 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg of N. vogelli and 5 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CPA) respectively for 7 days p.o. Groups 4 and 5 were administered only 5 mg/kg CPA and 200 mg/kg NV respectively.

RESULTS:

The LD50 oral was greater than 4 g/kg. There were significant (p < 0.0001) increases in plasma enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant enzymes and significant (p < 0.0001) decrease in percentage micronuclei in bone marrow of extract treated rats compared to rats administered 5 mg/kg CPA alone. There was steatosis pointing to cytotoxic injury in the liver of rats co-administered 200 mg/kg NV and 5 mg/kg CPA. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the extract showed the presence of phytol and unsaturated fatty acids.

CONCLUSION:

N. vogelii possesses antigenotoxic and antioxidant activities associated with the presence of phytochemicals, phytol and unsaturated fatty acids.