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Upadhyay R, Klamer B, Matsui J, Chakravarthy VB, Scharschmidt T, Yeager N, Setty BA, Cripe TP, Roberts RD, Aldrink JH, Singh R, Raval RR, Palmer JD, Baliga S. Disease Control and Toxicity Outcomes after Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy for Recurrent and/or Metastatic Cancers in Young-Adult and Pediatric Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2090. [PMID: 38893209 PMCID: PMC11171376 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric patients with metastatic and/or recurrent solid tumors have poor survival outcomes despite standard-of-care systemic therapy. Stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) may improve tumor control. We report the outcomes with the use of SABR in our pediatric solid tumor population. METHODS This was a single-institutional study in patients < 30 years treated with SABR. The primary endpoint was local control (LC), while the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. The survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier estimates in R v4.2.3. RESULTS In total, 48 patients receiving 135 SABR courses were included. The median age was 15.6 years (interquartile range, IQR 14-23 y) and the median follow-up was 18.1 months (IQR: 7.7-29.1). The median SABR dose was 30 Gy (IQR 25-35 Gy). The most common primary histologies were Ewing sarcoma (25%), rhabdomyosarcoma (17%), osteosarcoma (13%), and central nervous system (CNS) gliomas (13%). Furthermore, 57% of patients had oligometastatic disease (≤5 lesions) at the time of SABR. The one-year LC, PFS, and OS rates were 94%, 22%, and 70%, respectively. No grade 4 or higher toxicities were observed, while the rates of any grade 1, 2, and 3 toxicities were 11.8%, 3.7%, and 4.4%, respectively. Patients with oligometastatic disease, lung, or brain metastases and those who underwent surgery for a metastatic site had a significantly longer PFS. LC at 1-year was significantly higher for patients with a sarcoma histology (95.7% vs. 86.5%, p = 0.01) and for those who received a biological equivalent dose (BED10) > 48 Gy (100% vs. 91.2%, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS SABR is well tolerated in pediatric patients with 1-year local failure and OS rates of <10% and 70%, respectively. Future studies evaluating SABR in combination with systemic therapy are needed to address progression outside of the irradiated field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituraj Upadhyay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (R.U.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (R.R.R.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Brett Klamer
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Jennifer Matsui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (R.U.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (R.R.R.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Vikram B. Chakravarthy
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Thomas Scharschmidt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA;
| | - Nicholas Yeager
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (N.Y.); (B.A.S.); (T.P.C.); (R.D.R.)
| | - Bhuvana A. Setty
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (N.Y.); (B.A.S.); (T.P.C.); (R.D.R.)
| | - Timothy P. Cripe
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (N.Y.); (B.A.S.); (T.P.C.); (R.D.R.)
| | - Ryan D. Roberts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (N.Y.); (B.A.S.); (T.P.C.); (R.D.R.)
| | - Jennifer H. Aldrink
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
| | - Raj Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (R.U.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (R.R.R.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Raju R. Raval
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (R.U.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (R.R.R.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Joshua D. Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (R.U.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (R.R.R.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Sujith Baliga
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (R.U.); (J.M.); (R.S.); (R.R.R.); (J.D.P.)
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