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Chacko TP, Toole JT, Morris MC, Page J, Forsten RD, Barrett JP, Reinhard MJ, Brewster RC, Costanzo ME, Broderick G. A regulatory pathway model of neuropsychological disruption in Havana syndrome. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1180929. [PMID: 37965360 PMCID: PMC10642174 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1180929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In 2016 diplomatic personnel serving in Havana, Cuba, began reporting audible sensory phenomena paired with onset of complex and persistent neurological symptoms consistent with brain injury. The etiology of these Anomalous Health Incidents (AHI) and subsequent symptoms remains unknown. This report investigates putative exposure-symptom pathology by assembling a network model of published bio-behavioral pathways and assessing how dysregulation of such pathways might explain loss of function in these subjects using data available in the published literature. Given similarities in presentation with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), we used the latter as a clinically relevant means of evaluating if the neuropsychological profiles observed in Havana Syndrome Havana Syndrome might be explained at least in part by a dysregulation of neurotransmission, neuro-inflammation, or both. Method Automated text-mining of >9,000 publications produced a network consisting of 273 documented regulatory interactions linking 29 neuro-chemical markers with 9 neuropsychological constructs from the Brief Mood Survey, PTSD Checklist, and the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale. Analysis of information flow through this network produced a set of regulatory rules reconciling to within a 6% departure known mechanistic pathways with neuropsychological profiles in N = 6 subjects. Results Predicted expression of neuro-chemical markers that jointly satisfy documented pathways and observed symptom profiles display characteristically elevated IL-1B, IL-10, NGF, and norepinephrine levels in the context of depressed BDNF, GDNF, IGF1, and glutamate expression (FDR < 5%). Elevations in CRH and IL-6 were also predicted unanimously across all subjects. Furthermore, simulations of neurological regulatory dynamics reveal subjects do not appear to be "locked in" persistent illness but rather appear to be engaged in a slow recovery trajectory. Discussion This computational analysis of measured neuropsychological symptoms in Havana-based diplomats proposes that these AHI symptoms may be supported in part by disruption of known neuroimmune and neurotransmission regulatory mechanisms also associated with mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Chacko
- Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - J. Tory Toole
- Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Matthew C. Morris
- Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey Page
- Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Robert D. Forsten
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States
| | - John P. Barrett
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew J. Reinhard
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States
- Complex Exposures Threats Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ryan C. Brewster
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Michelle E. Costanzo
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States
- Complex Exposures Threats Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gordon Broderick
- Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
- Complex Exposures Threats Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States
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Lai Y, Wang H, Xu X, Dong J, Song Y, Zhao H, Wu Y, Zhao L, Wang H, Zhang J, Yao B, Zou Y, Zhou H, Peng R. Hippocampal ferroptosis is involved in learning and memory impairment in rats induced by microwave and electromagnetic pulse combined exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28280-8. [PMID: 37349489 PMCID: PMC10359380 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Microwave (MW) and electromagnetic pulse (EMP) are considered environmental pollutants, both of which can induce learning and memory impairments. However, the bioeffects of combined exposure to MW and EMP have never been explored. This paper aimed to investigate the effects of combined exposure to MW and EMP on the learning and memory of rats as well as its association with ferroptosis in the hippocampus. In this study, rats were exposed to EMP, MW, or EMP and MW combined radiation. After exposure, impairment of learning and memory, alterations in brain electrophysiological activity, and damage to hippocampal neurons were observed in rats. Moreover, we also found alterations in ferroptosis hallmarks, including increased levels of iron, lipid peroxidation, and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) mRNA, as well as downregulation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protein in the rat hippocampus after exposure. Our results suggested that either single or combined exposure to MW and EMP radiation could impair learning and memory and damage hippocampal neurons in rats. Moreover, the adverse effects caused by the combined exposure were more severe than the single exposures, which might be due to cumulative effects rather than synergistic effects. Furthermore, ferroptosis in the hippocampus might be a common underlying mechanism of learning and memory impairment induced by both single and combined MW and EMP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Lai
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ji Dong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yiwei Song
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - You Wu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Binwei Yao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yong Zou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Lai Y, Dong J, Wu Y, Zhao L, Wang H, Zhang J, Yao B, Xu X, Zou Y, Zhao H, Yue H, Song Y, Wang H, Peng R. Lipid Peroxides Mediated Ferroptosis in Electromagnetic Pulse-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Damage via Inhibition of GSH/GPX4 Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169277. [PMID: 36012537 PMCID: PMC9409492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) radiation was reported to be harmful to hippocampal neurons. However, the mechanism underlying EMP-induced neuronal damage remains unclear. In this paper, for the first time, we attempted to investigate the involvement of ferroptosis in EMP-induced neuronal damage and its underlying mechanism. In vivo studies were conducted with a rat model to examine the association of ferroptosis and EMP-induced hippocampal neuronal damage. Moreover, in vitro studies were conducted with HT22 neurons to investigate the underlying mechanism of EMP-induced neuronal ferroptosis. In vivo results showed that EMP could induce learning and memory impairment of rats, ferroptotic morphological damages to mitochondria, accumulation of malonaldehyde (MDA) and iron, overexpression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) mRNA, and downregulation of GPX4 protein in rat hippocampus. In vitro results showed that EMP could induce neuronal death, MDA accumulation, iron overload, PTGS2 overexpression, and GPX4 downregulation in HT22 neurons. These adverse effects could be reversed by either lipid peroxides scavenger ferrostatin-1 or overexpression of GPX4. These results suggest that EMP radiation can induce ferroptosis in hippocampal neurons via a vicious cycle of lipid peroxides accumulation and GSH/GPX4 axis downregulation. Lipid peroxides and the GSH/GPX4 axis provide potential effective intervention targets to EMP-induced hippocampal neuronal damage.
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Liu P, Gao Q, Guan L, Sheng W, Hu Y, Gao T, Jiang J, Xu Y, Qiao H, Xue X, Liu S, Li T. Atorvastatin Attenuates Isoflurane-Induced Activation of ROS-p38MAPK/ATF2 Pathway, Neuronal Degeneration, and Cognitive Impairment of the Aged Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:620946. [PMID: 33519423 PMCID: PMC7840608 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.620946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflurane, a widely used volatile anesthetic, induces neuronal apoptosis and memory impairments in various animal models. However, the potential mechanisms and effective pharmacologic agents are still not fully understood. The p38MAPK/ATF-2 pathway has been proved to regulate neuronal cell survival and inflammation. Besides, atorvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, exerts neuroprotective effects. Thus, this study aimed to explore the influence of atorvastatin on isoflurane-induced neurodegeneration and underlying mechanisms. Aged C57BL/6 mice (20 months old) were exposed to isoflurane (1.5%) anesthesia for 6 h. Atorvastatin (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg body weight) was administered to the mice for 7 days. Atorvastatin attenuated the isoflurane-induced generation of ROS and apoptosis. Western blotting revealed a decrease in cleaved caspase-9 and caspase-3 expression in line with ROS levels. Furthermore, atorvastatin ameliorated the isoflurane-induced activation of p38MAPK/ATF-2 signaling. In a cellular study, we proved that isoflurane could induce oxidative stress and inflammation by activating the p38MAPK/ATF-2 pathway in BV-2 microglia cells. In addition, SB203580, a selected p38MAPK inhibitor, inhibited the isoflurane-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The results implied that p38MAPK/ATF-2 was a potential target for the treatment of postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Quansheng Gao
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weixuan Sheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxing Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sanhong Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianzuo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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