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Nguyen LTH, Zhang J, Rima XY, Wang X, Kwak KJ, Okimoto T, Amann J, Yoon MJ, Shukuya T, Chiang CL, Walters N, Ma Y, Belcher D, Li H, Palmer AF, Carbone DP, Lee LJ, Reátegui E. An immunogold single extracellular vesicular RNA and protein ( Au SERP) biochip to predict responses to immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12258. [PMID: 36093740 PMCID: PMC9465631 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional PD‐L1 immunohistochemical tissue biopsies only predict 20%–40% of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients that will respond positively to anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 immunotherapy. Herein, we present an immunogold biochip to quantify single extracellular vesicular RNA and protein (AuSERP) as a non‐invasive alternative. With only 20 μl of purified serum, PD‐1/PD‐L1 proteins on the surface of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and EV PD‐1/PD‐L1 messenger RNA (mRNA) cargo were detected at a single‐vesicle resolution and exceeded the sensitivities of their bulk‐analysis conventional counterparts, ELISA and qRT‐PCR, by 1000 times. By testing a cohort of 27 non‐responding and 27 responding NSCLC patients, AuSERP indicated that the single‐EV mRNA biomarkers surpass the single‐EV protein biomarkers in predicting patient responses to immunotherapy. Dual single‐EV PD‐1/PD‐L1 mRNA detection differentiated responders from non‐responders with an accuracy of 72.2% and achieved an NSCLC diagnosis accuracy of 93.2%, suggesting the potential for AuSERP to provide enhanced immunotherapy predictions and cancer diagnoses within the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luong T H Nguyen
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio, State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio, State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xilal Y Rima
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio, State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xinyu Wang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio, State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Tamio Okimoto
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph Amann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Min Jin Yoon
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio, State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Takehito Shukuya
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chi-Ling Chiang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio, State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicole Walters
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio, State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yifan Ma
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio, State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Donald Belcher
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio, State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hong Li
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio, State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andre F Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio, State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - David P Carbone
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - L James Lee
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio, State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Spot Biosystems Ltd., Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Eduardo Reátegui
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio, State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Freemantle N, Xu Y, Wilson FR, Guyot P, Chen CI, Keeping S, Konidaris G, Chan K, Kuznik A, Atsou K, Glowienka E, Pouliot JF, Gullo G, Rietschel P. Network meta-analysis of immune-oncology monotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in patients with PD-L1 expression ⩾50. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221105024. [PMID: 35747163 PMCID: PMC9210099 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221105024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: For patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and high (⩾50%) programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, effective first-line immune-oncology monotherapies with significant survival benefits are approved, cemiplimab being the most recent. In a phase III trial, cemiplimab demonstrated significantly improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC and PD-L1 ⩾50%. A systematic literature review and network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to identify/compare the efficacy/safety of cemiplimab versus pembrolizumab or other immune-oncology monotherapies from randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) published in November 2010–2020. Methods: Relevant RCTs were identified by searching databases and conference proceedings as per ISPOR, NICE, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. NMA with time-varying hazard ratios (HRs) was performed for OS and PFS. Analyses were conducted for objective response rate (ORR) and safety/tolerability. Fixed-effect models were used due to limited evidence. Various sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate the base case analyses. Results: The feasibility assessment determined that EMPOWER-Lung 1, KEYNOTE-024, and KEYNOTE-042 trials were eligible. IMpower110 was excluded because an incompatible PD-L1 assay (SP142) was used for patient selection. For first-line advanced NSCLC with PD-L1 ⩾50%, cemiplimab was associated with statistically significant improvements in PFS [HR (95% credible interval [CrI]): 0.65 (0.50–0.86), 1–12 months] and ORR [odds ratio (OR) (95% CrI): 1.64 (1.04–2.62)], and comparable OS [HR (95% CrI): 0.77 (0.54–1.10), 1–12 months] versus pembrolizumab. There was no evidence of differences between cemiplimab and pembrolizumab for Grade 3–5 adverse events (AEs) [OR (95% CrI): 1.47 (0.83–2.60)], immune-mediated AEs [1.75 (0.33–7.49)], and all-cause discontinuation due to AEs [1.21 (0.58–2.61)]. Conclusions: Considering the limitations of indirect treatment comparisons, in patients with advanced NSCLC and PD-L1 ⩾50%, cemiplimab monotherapy demonstrated significant improvements in PFS and ORR, comparable OS, and no evidence of differences in safety/tolerability versus pembrolizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Freemantle
- Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, 90 High Holborn 2nd Floor, London WC1V 6LJ, UK
| | - Yingxin Xu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Chieh-I Chen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
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Lee K, Choi YJ, Kim JS, Kim DS, Lee SY, Shin BK, Kang EJ. Association between PD-L1 expression and initial brain metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and its clinical implications. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:2143-2150. [PMID: 34121347 PMCID: PMC8327696 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain metastases frequently occur in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) resulting in a poor prognosis. Here, we investigated the association between PD‐L1 expression and brain metastasis in patients with NSCLC and its clinical significance. Methods A total of 270 patients diagnosed with metastatic NSCLC who underwent PD‐L1 testing on their tumor tissue between January 2017 and March 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The VENTANA PD‐L1 (SP263) assay was used, and positive PD‐L1 expression was defined as staining in ≥1% of tumor cells. Results Positive PD‐L1 expression was observed in 181 (67.0%) patients, and 74 (27.4%) patients had brain metastasis at diagnosis. Synchronous brain metastases were more frequently observed in PD‐L1‐positive compared with PD‐L1‐negative patients (31.5% vs. 19.1%, p = 0.045). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified positive PD‐L1 expression (odds ratio [OR]: 2.24, p = 0.012) as an independent factor associated with synchronous brain metastasis, along with the histological subtype of nonsquamous cell carcinoma (OR: 2.84, p = 0.003). However, the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) progression was not associated with PD‐L1 positivity, with a two‐year cumulative CNS progression rate of 26.3% and 28.4% in PD‐L1‐positive and PD‐L1‐negative patients, respectively (log rank p = 0.944). Furthermore, positive PD‐L1 expression did not affect CNS progression or overall survival in patients with synchronous brain metastasis (long rank p = 0.513 and 0.592, respectively). Conclusions Initial brain metastases are common in NSCLC patients with positive PD‐L1 expression. Further studies are necessary to understand the relationship between early brain metastasis and cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungmin Lee
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon J Choi
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung S Kim
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae S Kim
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Y Lee
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bong K Shin
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun J Kang
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Koomen BM, van der Starre-Gaal J, Vonk JM, von der Thüsen JH, van der Meij JJC, Monkhorst K, Willems SM, Timens W, 't Hart NA. Formalin fixation for optimal concordance of programmed death-ligand 1 immunostaining between cytologic and histologic specimens from patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Cytopathol 2020; 129:304-317. [PMID: 33108706 PMCID: PMC8246726 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunohistochemical staining of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is used to determine which patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may benefit most from immunotherapy. Therapeutic management of many patients with NSCLC is based on cytology instead of histology. In this study, concordance of PD-L1 immunostaining between cytology cell blocks and their histologic counterparts was analyzed. Furthermore, the effect of various fixatives and fixation times on PD-L1 immunoreactivity was studied. METHODS Paired histologic and cytologic samples from 67 patients with NSCLC were collected by performing fine-needle aspiration on pneumonectomy/lobectomy specimens. Formalin-fixed, agar-based or CytoLyt/PreservCyt-fixed Cellient cell blocks were prepared. Sections from cell blocks and tissue blocks were stained with SP263 (standardized assay) and 22C3 (laboratory-developed test) antibodies. PD-L1 scores were compared between histology and cytology. In addition, immunostaining was compared between PD-L1-expressing human cell lines fixed in various fixatives at increasing increments in fixation duration. RESULTS Agar cell blocks and tissue blocks showed substantial agreement (κ = 0.70 and κ = 0.67, respectively), whereas fair-to-moderate agreement was found between Cellient cell blocks and histology (κ = 0.28 and κ = 0.49, respectively). Cell lines fixed in various alcohol-based fixatives showed less PD-L1 immunoreactivity compared with those fixed in formalin. In contrast to SP263, additional formalin fixation after alcohol fixation resulted in preserved staining intensity using the 22C3 laboratory-developed test and the 22C3 pharmDx assay. CONCLUSIONS Performing PD-L1 staining on cytologic specimens fixed in alcohol-based fixatives could result in false-negative immunostaining results, whereas fixation in formalin leads to higher and more histology-concordant PD-L1 immunostaining. The deleterious effect of alcohol fixation could be reversed to some degree by postfixation in formalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bregje M Koomen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Judith M Vonk
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Kim Monkhorst
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nils A 't Hart
- Department of Pathology, Isala Hospitals, Zwolle, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Jin J, Si J, Liu Y, Wang H, Ni R, Wang J. Elevated serum soluble programmed cell death ligand 1 concentration as a potential marker for poor prognosis in small cell lung cancer patients with chemotherapy. Respir Res 2018; 19:197. [PMID: 30290817 PMCID: PMC6173911 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0885-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Potential relationship between serum soluble programmed cell death ligand 1 and prognosis of small cell lung cancer is not well explored. The aim of the study was to reveal the prognostic significance of serum soluble programmed cell death ligand 1 in patients with small cell lung cancer. Methods A total of 250 small cell lung cancer patients and 250 controls were included. Research information was obtained from their medical records. Blood samples were collected on admission. Serum concentration of programmed cell death ligand 1 was measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. The patients underwent cisplatin-etoposide chemotherapy with a maximum of six cycles. Subsequently, they were followed-up for 12 months, and therapeutic response and cancer death were recorded. Results Serum concentration of programmed cell death ligand 1 was higher in the patients than in the controls on admission (P < 0.001). After chemotherapy, 112 patients had no response to this therapy. In the 12-month follow up period, 118 patients died due to this cancer. Multivariate Cox regression model revealed that the higher serum concentration of programmed cell death ligand 1 on admission was associated with the higher risk of no response to chemotherapy or cancer caused death (HR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.05 ~ 1.87; HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.08 ~ 1.87). Conclusion Elevated serum concentration of soluble programmed cell death ligand 1 might be an independent risk factor for non-response to chemotherapy and cancer caused death in small cell lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China.
| | - Jiming Si
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuanhua Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Huanqin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Ran Ni
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
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