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Simpson J, Yoder M, Christian-Miller N, Wheat H, Kovacs B, Cunnane R, Ghannam M, Liang JJ. Long-Term Complications Related to Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices. J Clin Med 2025; 14:2058. [PMID: 40142866 PMCID: PMC11942853 DOI: 10.3390/jcm14062058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2025] [Revised: 03/08/2025] [Accepted: 03/13/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are commonly used for a number of cardiac-related conditions, and it is estimated that over 300,000 CIEDs are placed annually in the US. With advances in technology surrounding these devices and expanding indications, CIEDs can remain implanted in patients for long periods of time. Although the safety profile of these devices has improved over time, both the incidence and prevalence of long-term complications are expected to increase. This review highlights pertinent long-term complications of CIEDs, including lead-related issues, device-related arrhythmias, inappropriate device therapies, and device-related infections. We also explore key clinical aspects of each complication, including common presentations, patient-specific and non-modifiable risk factors, diagnostic evaluation, and recommended management strategies. Our goal is to help spread awareness of CIED-related complications and to empower physicians to manage them effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Simpson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.S.); (M.Y.); (N.C.-M.)
| | - Mason Yoder
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.S.); (M.Y.); (N.C.-M.)
| | - Nathaniel Christian-Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.S.); (M.Y.); (N.C.-M.)
| | - Heather Wheat
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.W.); (B.K.); (R.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Boldizsar Kovacs
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.W.); (B.K.); (R.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Ryan Cunnane
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.W.); (B.K.); (R.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Michael Ghannam
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.W.); (B.K.); (R.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Jackson J. Liang
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.W.); (B.K.); (R.C.); (M.G.)
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Adhikari S, Arisha MJ, Assal C. T-wave oversensing precipitating cardiogenic shock in a pacer-dependent patient. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2023; 9:728-731. [PMID: 38047193 PMCID: PMC10691938 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shubash Adhikari
- Address reprint requests and correspondence: Dr Shubash Adhikari, Charleston Area Medical Center, 3100 MacCorkle Ave SE, Suite 101, Charleston, WV 25304.
| | - Mohammed J. Arisha
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, West Virginia
- Department of Cardiology, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, West Virginia
| | - Chafik Assal
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, West Virginia
- Department of Cardiology, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, West Virginia
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