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Jeyaraman M, Jeyaraman N, Jayakumar T, Ramasubramanian S, Ranjan R, Jha SK, Gupta A. Efficacy of stromal vascular fraction for knee osteoarthritis: A prospective, single-centre, non-randomized study with 2 years follow-up. World J Orthop 2024; 15:457-468. [DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v15.i5.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current osteoarthritis (OA) treatments focus on symptom relief without addressing the underlying disease process. In regenerative medicine, current treatments have limitations. In regenerative medicine, more research is needed for intra-articular stromal vascular fraction (SVF) injections in OA, including dosage optimization, long-term efficacy, safety, comparisons with other treatments, and mechanism exploration.
AIM To compare the efficacy of intra-articular SVF with corticosteroid (ICS) injections in patients with primary knee OA.
METHODS The study included 50 patients with Kellgren-Lawrence grades II and III OA. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either a single intra-articular SVF injection (group A) or a single intra-articular ICS (triamcinolone) (group B) injection. Patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Visual analog score (VAS) and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores were administered before the procedure and at all follow-ups. The safety of SVF in terms of adverse and severe adverse events was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS Version 26.0, IBM Corp, Chicago, IL, United States.
RESULTS Both groups had similar demographics and baseline clinical characteristics. Follow-up showed minor patient loss, resulting in 23 and 24 in groups A and B respectively. Group A experienced a notable reduction in pain, with VAS scores decreasing from 7.7 to 2.4 over 24 months, compared to a minor reduction from 7.8 to 6.2 in Group B. This difference in pain reduction in group A was statistically significant from the third month onwards. Additionally, Group A showed significant improvements in knee functionality, with IKDC scores rising from 33.4 to 83.10, whereas Group B saw a modest increase from 36.7 to 45.16. The improvement in Group A was statistically significant from 6 months and maintained through 24 months.
CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that intra-articular administration of SVF can lead to reduced pain and improved knee function in patients with primary knee OA. More adequately powered, multi-center, double-blinded, randomised clinical trials with longer follow-ups are needed to further establish safety and justify its clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
- Department of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine, South Texas Orthopaedic Research Institute, Laredo, TX 78045, United States
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
| | - Tarun Jayakumar
- Department of Orthopaedics, KIMS-Sunshine Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032, India
| | - Swaminathan Ramasubramanian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600002, India
| | - Rajni Ranjan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110008, India
| | - Ashim Gupta
- Department of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine, South Texas Orthopaedic Research Institute, Laredo, TX 78045, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine, Regenerative Orthopaedics, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine, Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine, BioIntegrate, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, United States
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Tantuway V, Jeyaraman M, Nallakumarasamy A, Prikh MB, Sharma AK, Sharma R. Functional Outcome Analysis of Autologous Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) (Sahaj Therapy ®) Using Direct Sonication in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head (ONFH): A 6-Year Follow-Up Study. Indian J Orthop 2024; 58:68-78. [PMID: 38161400 PMCID: PMC10754810 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-023-01041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Introduction We investigated the safety, efficacy, functional, and clinical outcomes of intra-osseous implantation of mechanically isolated, autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF), an Australian patented direct ultrasonication technology (Sahaj Therapy®) in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Materials and Methods A total of 32 cases of ONFH were enrolled in the study after confirming with an MRI of the affected hip. All cases were treated with an intra-osseous autologous SVF implantation [4-5 cc with the cellular dosage of 8.0 × 107 cells with a viability of > 85% SVF cells] on the same surgical sitting. All the cases were followed up clinically, functionally, and radiologically at regular intervals. A comparison of mean HOOS scores at different follow-ups was done using Paired 't'-test. A P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results In our study, male preponderance was seen (53.1%). According to the modified Ficat and Arlet classification, the most common grade of ONFH was grade 2 [right: 25 hips and left: 25 hips]. There was a statistically significant improvement in the mean HOOS score of the right hip (n = 10) and left hip (n = 9) from preoperative time till 72 months (P < 0.05). The follow-up MRI of the affected hips shows improved osteogenesis without any further worsening of the contour of the femoral head. No adverse effects were seen in any of the study participants. Conclusion For individuals with ONFH, treated with intra-osseous autologous SVF implantation in the same surgical procedure is an innovative and promising treatment modality. Even after 6 years of follow-up, the study participants with ONFH have shown good clinical and functional outcomes with autologous SVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Tantuway
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Index Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh India
- Sahaj Regenerative Cell Therapeutics, Indore, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Sahaj Regenerative Cell Therapeutics, Indore, Madhya Pradesh India
- Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
- South Texas Orthopaedic Research Institute (STORI Inc.), Laredo, TX USA
| | - Arulkumar Nallakumarasamy
- Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mittal B. Prikh
- Department of Orthopaedics, Navjivan Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - Aashish K. Sharma
- Department of Orthopaedics and Joint Replacement, CK Birla Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
| | - Raj Sharma
- Sahaj Regenerative Cell Therapeutics, Indore, Madhya Pradesh India
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Tantuway V, Thomas W, Parikh MB, Sharma R, Jeyaraman N, Jeyaraman M. Clinical Outcome of Minimally Manipulated, Mechanically Isolated Autologous Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction (Sahaj Therapy®) in Knee Osteoarthritis-Randomized Controlled Trial. Indian J Orthop 2023; 57:1646-1658. [PMID: 37766954 PMCID: PMC10519910 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-023-00981-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Regenerative therapy has shown promising results in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) knee with Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) Grades I-III. We compared the safety, efficacy, functional, and clinical outcomes of intra-articular implantation of autologous adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) isolated using direct ultrasonic cavitation (Sahaj therapy-Cell Innovation Patented Technology) and saline injection in knee osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods The present prospective observational study was conducted over 3 years. We enrolled 120 patients in our study, where four patients got excluded as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The remaining 116 patients were randomized into two groups, one with autologous adipose tissue-derived SVF and the other group with saline injection. A comparison of mean KOOS and VAS scores at different follow-ups was done using Paired 't' test. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The results show that the SVF group had significantly higher KOOS scores (78.49 ± 6.54 in the SVF group vs 59.19 ± 5.14 in the saline group), respectively (p < 0.001). Similarly, the SVF group had significantly lesser VAS scores (3.17 ± 0.94 in the SVF group vs 3.89 ± 1.04 in the saline group), respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions Autologous adipose tissue-derived SVF is a better choice for treating knee osteoarthritis. For individuals with degenerative osteoarthritis, autologous SVF grafting in the same surgical procedure is an innovative and promising treatment modality. Even after 3 years of follow-up, the study participants with OA knee have shown a good clinical and functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Tantuway
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Index Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Wayne Thomas
- Department of Tumor Immunology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Mittal B. Parikh
- Department of Orthopaedics, Navjivan Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - Raj Sharma
- Sahaj Regenerative Cell Therapeutics, Indore, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
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Giorgino R, Albano D, Fusco S, Peretti GM, Mangiavini L, Messina C. Knee Osteoarthritis: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: What Else Is New? An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076405. [PMID: 37047377 PMCID: PMC10094836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease and the most common orthopedic disorder. A vast majority of the social OA burden is related to hips and knees. The prevalence of knee OA varied across studies and such differences are reflected by the heterogeneity of data reported by studies conducted worldwide. A complete understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying this pathology is essential. The OA inflammatory process starts in the synovial membrane with the activation of the immune system, involving both humoral and cellular mediators. A crucial role in this process is played by the so-called “damage-associated molecular patterns” (DAMPs). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be a promising option among all possible therapeutic options. However, many issues are still debated, such as the best cell source, their nature, and the right amount. Further studies are needed to clarify the remaining doubts. This review provides an overview of the most recent and relevant data on the molecular mechanism of cartilage damage in knee OA, including current therapeutic approaches in regenerative medicine.
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Jeyaraman M, Verma T, Jeyaraman N, Patro BP, Nallakumarasamy A, Khanna M. Is mandible derived mesenchymal stromal cells superior in proliferation and regeneration to long bone-derived mesenchymal stromal cells? World J Methodol 2023; 13:10-17. [PMID: 37035028 PMCID: PMC10080497 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v13.i2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are cells with the characteristic ability of self-renewal along with the ability to exhibit multilineage differentiation. Bone marrow (BM) is the first tissue in which MSCs were identified and BM-MSCs are most commonly used among various MSCs in clinical settings. MSCs can stimulate and promote osseous regeneration. Due to the difference in the development of long bones and craniofacial bones, the mandibular-derived MSCs (M-MSCs) have distinct differentiation characteristics as compared to that of long bones. Both mandibular and long bone-derived MSCs are positive for MSC-associated markers such as CD-73, -105, and -106, stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 and Octamer-4, and negative for hematopoietic markers such as CD-14, -34, and -45. As the M-MSCs are derived from neural crest cells, they have embryogenic cells which promote bone repair and high osteogenic potential. In vitro and in vivo animal-based studies demonstrate a higher rate of proliferation and high osteogenic potential for M-MSCs as compared to long-bones MSCs, but in vivo studies in human subjects are lacking. The BM-MSCs have their advantages and limitations. M-MSCs may be utilized as an alternative source of MSCs which can be utilized for tissue engineering and promoting the regeneration of bone. M-MSCs may have potential advantages in the repair of craniofacial or orofacial defects. Considering the utility of M-MSCs in the field of orthopaedics, we have discussed various unresolved questions, which need to be explored for their better utility in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600056, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Indian Stem Cell Study Group Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tushar Verma
- Department of Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Fellow in Indian Orthopaedic Rheumatology Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Indian Stem Cell Study Group Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Fellow in Indian Orthopaedic Rheumatology Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rathimed Speciality Hospital, Chennai 600040, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Patro
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Indian Stem Cell Study Group Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India
| | - Arulkumar Nallakumarasamy
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Indian Stem Cell Study Group Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Fellow in Indian Orthopaedic Rheumatology Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India
| | - Manish Khanna
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Indian Stem Cell Study Group Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Muthu S, Patil SC, Jeyaraman N, Jeyaraman M, Gangadaran P, Rajendran RL, Oh EJ, Khanna M, Chung HY, Ahn BC. Comparative effectiveness of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in the management of knee osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis. World J Orthop 2023; 14:23-41. [PMID: 36686284 PMCID: PMC9850793 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v14.i1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder, is associated with an increasing socioeconomic impact owing to the ageing population.
AIM To analyze and compare the efficacy and safety of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) in knee OA management from published randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
METHODS Independent and duplicate electronic database searches were performed, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, until August 2021 for RCTs that analyzed the efficacy and safety of AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs in the management of knee OA. The visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain, Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Lysholm score, Tegner score, magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue score, knee osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS), and adverse events were analyzed. Analysis was performed on the R-platform using OpenMeta (Analyst) software. Twenty-one studies, involving 936 patients, were included. Only one study compared the two MSC sources without patient randomization; hence, the results of all included studies from both sources were pooled, and a comparative critical analysis was performed.
RESULTS At six months, both AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs showed significant VAS improvement (P = 0.015, P = 0.012); this was inconsistent at 1 year for BM-MSCs (P < 0.001, P = 0.539), and AD-MSCs outperformed BM-MSCs compared to controls in measures such as WOMAC (P < 0.001, P = 0.541), Lysholm scores (P = 0.006; P = 0.933), and KOOS (P = 0.002; P = 0.012). BM-MSC-related procedures caused significant adverse events (P = 0.003) compared to AD-MSCs (P = 0.673).
CONCLUSION Adipose tissue is superior to bone marrow because of its safety and consistent efficacy in improving pain and functional outcomes. Future trials are urgently warranted to validate our findings and reach a consensus on the ideal source of MSCs for managing knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Muthu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624001, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Research Associate, Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641045, Tamil Nadu, India
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group Association, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandesh C Patil
- Department of Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Dr. RML National Law University, Lucknow 226012, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group Association, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Dr. RML National Law University, Lucknow 226012, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Research Associate, Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641045, Tamil Nadu, India
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group Association, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College & Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600056, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Manish Khanna
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group Association, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ho Yun Chung
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, South Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, South Korea
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Perucca Orfei C, Boffa A, Sourugeon Y, Laver L, Magalon J, Sánchez M, Tischer T, Filardo G, de Girolamo L. Cell-based therapies have disease-modifying effects on osteoarthritis in animal models. A systematic review by the ESSKA Orthobiologic Initiative. Part 1: adipose tissue-derived cell-based injectable therapies. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:641-655. [PMID: 36104484 PMCID: PMC9898370 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-022-07063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this systematic review was to determine if adipose tissue-derived cell-based injectable therapies can induce disease-modifying effects in joints affected by osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS A systematic review was performed on three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase) according to PRISMA guidelines. A synthesis of the results was performed investigating disease-modifying effects in preclinical studies comparing injectable adipose-derived products with OA controls or other products, different formulations or injection intervals, and the combination with other products. The risk of bias was assessed according to the SYRCLE's tool. RESULTS Seventy-one studies were included (2,086 animals) with an increasing publication trend over time. Expanded cells were used in 65 studies, 3 studies applied point of care products, and 3 studies investigated both approaches. Overall, 48 out of 51 studies (94%) reported better results with adipose-derived products compared to OA controls, with positive findings in 17 out of 20 studies (85%) in macroscopic, in 37 out of 40 studies (93%) in histological, and in 22 out of 23 studies (96%) in immunohistochemical evaluations. Clinical and biomarker evaluations showed positive results in 14 studies out of 18 (78%) and 12 studies out of 14 (86%), while only 9 studies out of 17 (53%) of the imaging evaluations were able to detect differences versus controls. The risk of bias was low in 38% of items, unclear in 51%, and high in (11%). CONCLUSION The current preclinical models document consistent evidence of disease-modifying effects of adipose-derived cell-based therapies for the treatment of OA. The high heterogeneity of the published studies highlights the need for further targeted research to provide recommendations on the optimal methodologies for a more effective application of these injective therapies for the treatment of OA in clinical practice. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Perucca Orfei
- grid.417776.4IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all’Ortopedia, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Boffa
- Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Yosef Sourugeon
- grid.413731.30000 0000 9950 8111Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lior Laver
- grid.414084.d0000 0004 0470 6828Department of Orthopaedics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center (HYMC), Hadera, Israel ,Arthrosport Clinic, Tel-Aviv, Israel ,grid.6451.60000000121102151Technion University Hospital (Israel Institute of Technology) - Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jérémy Magalon
- grid.414336.70000 0001 0407 1584Cell Therapy Laboratory, Hôpital De La Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France ,grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817INSERM, NRA, C2VN, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France ,SAS Remedex, Marseille, France
| | - Mikel Sánchez
- grid.473696.9Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ,Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Thomas Tischer
- grid.10493.3f0000000121858338Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- grid.419038.70000 0001 2154 6641Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy ,grid.469433.f0000 0004 0514 7845Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland ,grid.29078.340000 0001 2203 2861Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Laura de Girolamo
- grid.417776.4IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all’Ortopedia, Milan, Italy
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Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Shehabaz S, Jeyaraman N, Rajendran RL, Hong CM, Nallakumarasamy A, Packkyarathinam RP, Sharma S, Ranjan R, Khanna M, Ahn BC, Gangadaran P. Current understanding of MSC-derived exosomes in the management of knee osteoarthritis. Exp Cell Res 2022; 418:113274. [PMID: 35810774 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have been utilized as medicinal agents or as delivery vehicles in cartilage injuries and cartilage-based diseases. Given the ongoing emergence of evidence on the effector mechanisms and methods of the utility of the MSC-Exos in knee osteoarthritis, a comprehensive review of the current evidence is the need of the hour. Hence, in this article, we review the current understanding of the role of MSC-Exos in the management of knee osteoarthritis in view of their classification, characterization, biogenesis, mechanism of action, pathways involved in their therapeutic action, in-vitro evidence on cartilage regeneration, in-vivo evidence in OA knee models and recent advances in using MSC-Exos to better streamline future research from bench to bedside for OA knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine - Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, 600095, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul, 624304, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Syed Shehabaz
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Dr. RML National Law University, Lucknow, 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Dr. RML National Law University, Lucknow, 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; Joint Replacement, Department of Orthopaedics, Atlas Hospitals, Tiruchirappalli, 620002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Arulkumar Nallakumarasamy
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odissa, India
| | | | - Shilpa Sharma
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Rajni Ranjan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Khanna
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Orthopaedics, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226401, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Prajwal GS, Jeyaraman N, Kanth V K, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Rajendran SNS, Rajendran RL, Khanna M, Oh EJ, Choi KY, Chung HY, Ahn BC, Gangadaran P. Lineage Differentiation Potential of Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteoarthritis Knee. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040386. [PMID: 35455383 PMCID: PMC9028477 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) have paved a way for treating musculoskeletal diseases in a minimally invasive manner. The regenerative medicine cocktail involves the usage of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), either uncultured or culture-expanded cells along with growth factors, cytokines, exosomes, and secretomes to provide a better regenerative milieu in degenerative diseases. The successful regeneration of cartilage depends on the selection of the appropriate source of MSCs, the quality, quantity, and frequency of MSCs to be injected, and the selection of the patient at an appropriate stage of the disease. However, confirmation on the most favorable source of MSCs remains uncertain to clinicians. The lack of knowledge in the current cellular treatment is uncertain in terms of how beneficial MSCs are in the long-term or short-term (resolution of pain) and improved quality of life. Whether MSCs treatments have any superiority, exists due to sources of MSCs utilized in their potential to objectively regenerate the cartilage at the target area. Many questions on source and condition remain unanswered. Hence, in this review, we discuss the lineage differentiation potentials of various sources of MSCs used in the management of knee osteoarthritis and emphasize the role of tissue engineering in cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gollahalli Shivashankar Prajwal
- Research Fellow, Fellowship in Orthopaedic Rheumatology (FEIORA), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (G.S.P.); (N.J.)
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mallika Spine Centre, Guntur 522001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Research Fellow, Fellowship in Orthopaedic Rheumatology (FEIORA), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (G.S.P.); (N.J.)
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Atlas Hospitals, Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishna Kanth V
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Mahabubabad 506104, Telangana, India;
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641001, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Mahabubabad 506104, Telangana, India;
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
- Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sree Naga Sowndary Rajendran
- Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry 605102, Puducherry, India;
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Manish Khanna
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624001, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Eun Jung Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Kang Young Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Ho Yun Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
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10
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Muthu S, Jeyaraman M, Kotner MB, Jeyaraman N, Rajendran RL, Sharma S, Khanna M, Rajendran SNS, Oh JM, Gangadaran P, Ahn BC. Evolution of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy as an Advanced Therapeutic Medicinal Product (ATMP)-An Indian Perspective. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9030111. [PMID: 35324800 PMCID: PMC8945480 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9030111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells can be defined as the cells that have the capacity to both self-renew and give rise to differentiated cells. Under the right conditions and signals, depending on their origin and bio-plasticity, stem cells can differentiate into multiple cell lineages and develop into various mature cells. Stem cell therapy is a fast-developing branch of medicine that includes the most innovative regenerative therapies for the restoration of cell and tissue function in individuals with severe diseases. Stem cell research has resulted in the emergence of cell-based therapies for disorders that are resistant to conventional drugs and therapies, and they are considered under the category of an Advanced Therapeutic Medicinal Product (ATMP). The FDA and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) devised a new strategy in 2017 with the aim of unifying the standards for development of ATMPs such that it is easy to exchange information at the international level. In this review, we discuss the evolution of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy as an ATMP in the global and Indian scenarios, along with the guidelines governing their usage and clinical application of these therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Muthu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624001, India;
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group, Lucknow 226010, India; (M.B.K.); (N.J.); (M.K.)
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group, Lucknow 226010, India; (M.B.K.); (N.J.); (M.K.)
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine-Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute University, Chennai 600095, India
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (P.G.); (B.-C.A.)
| | - Moinuddin Basha Kotner
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group, Lucknow 226010, India; (M.B.K.); (N.J.); (M.K.)
- Fellow in Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow 226012, India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group, Lucknow 226010, India; (M.B.K.); (N.J.); (M.K.)
- Fellow in Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow 226012, India
- Fellow in Joint Replacement, Atlas Hospitals, The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University, Tiruchirappalli 620002, India
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (R.L.R.); (J.M.O.)
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Manish Khanna
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group, Lucknow 226010, India; (M.B.K.); (N.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Sree Naga Sowndary Rajendran
- Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry 605107, India;
| | - Ji Min Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (R.L.R.); (J.M.O.)
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (R.L.R.); (J.M.O.)
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (P.G.); (B.-C.A.)
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (R.L.R.); (J.M.O.)
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (P.G.); (B.-C.A.)
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Ishihara K, Kaneyasu M, Fukazawa K, Zhang R, Teramura Y. Induction of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation by co-culturing with mature cells in double-layered 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer hydrogel matrices. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:2561-2569. [PMID: 34878485 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01817e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of differentiated cells on stem cell differentiation were analyzed via co-culturing using a cell-encapsulated double-layered hydrogel system. As a polymer hydrogel matrix, a water-soluble zwitterionic polymer having both a 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine unit and a p-vinylphenylboronic acid unit (PMBV), was complexed spontaneously with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) under mild cell culture conditions. The creep modulus of the hydrogel was controlled by changing the composition of the polymer in the solution. Mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), C3H10T1/2 cells, were encapsulated into PMBV/PVA hydrogels and cultured. In the PMBV/PVA hydrogel with a lower creep modulus (0.40 kPa), proliferation of C3H10T1/2 cells occurred, and the formation of cell aggregates was observed. On the other hand, a higher creep modulus (1.7 kPa) of the hydrogel matrix prevented cell proliferation. Culturing C3H10T1/2 cells encapsulated in the PMBV/PVA hydrogel in the presence of bone morphogenetic protein-2 increased the activity of intracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This indicated that C3H10T1/2 cells differentiated into mature osteoblasts. When the C3H10T1/2 cells encapsulated in the PMBV/PVA hydrogel were cultured in combination with the mature osteoblasts in the hydrogel by a close contacting double-layered hydrogel structure, higher ALP activity was observed compared with the cells cultured separately. It was considered that the differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells in the hydrogel layer was induced by cytokines diffused from mature osteoblasts encapsulated in another hydrogel layer. It could be concluded that the PMBV/PVA hydrogel system provides a good way to observe the effects of the surrounding cells on cell function in three-dimensional culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. .,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Miu Kaneyasu
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Fukazawa
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Ren Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuji Teramura
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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12
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Immunomodulatory Actions of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) in Osteoarthritis of the Knee. OSTEOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/osteology1040020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cellular therapy offers regeneration which curbs osteoarthritis of the knee. Among cellular therapies, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are readily isolated from various sources as culture expanded and unexpanded cellular population which are used as therapeutic products. Though MSCs possess a unique immunological and regulatory profile through cross-talk between MSCs and immunoregulatory cells (T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, B cells, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages), they provide an immunotolerant environment when transplanted to the site of action. Immunophenotypic profile allows MSCs to escape immune surveillance and promotes their hypoimmunogenic or immune-privileged status. MSCs do not elicit a proliferative response when co-cultured with allogeneic T cells in vitro. MSCs secrete a wide range of anti-inflammatory mediators such as PGE-2, IDO, IL-1Ra, and IL-10. They also stimulate the resilient chondrogenic progenitors and enhance the chondrocyte differentiation by secretion of BMPs and TGFβ1. We highlight the various mechanisms of MSCs during tissue healing signals, their interaction with the immune system, and the impact of their lifespan in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee. A better understanding of the immunobiology of MSC renders them as an efficient therapeutic product for the management of osteoarthritis of the knee.
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