1
|
Price O, Dietze P, Sullivan SG, Salom C, Peacock A. Uptake, barriers and correlates of influenza vaccination among people who inject drugs in Australia. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 226:108882. [PMID: 34216866 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbid chronic health conditions place people who inject drugs (PWID) at risk of severe health outcomes after influenza infection. However, little is known about the uptake, barriers and correlates of influenza vaccination among PWID. METHODS During structured surveys, 872 PWID reported whether they had received an influenza vaccination during the last year (disaggregated as pre- or post-March 2020 to ascertain current season vaccine uptake), and if not, the barriers to vaccination. Logistic regression was used to examine demographic, drug use, health and service engagement correlates of vaccine uptake. RESULTS Thirty-nine percent of participants reported past-year influenza vaccination, with one-quarter (24 %) vaccinated in the current season. The main barriers to vaccination were motivation-based, with few citing issues relating to affordability, supply or perceived stigma. Opioid agonist therapy in the past six months was significantly associated with vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Influenza vaccine uptake was lower among PWID than the Australian general population. Provision of the vaccine at services commonly accessed by PWID may increase uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Price
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Paul Dietze
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Behaviours and Health Risks, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Australia
| | - Sheena G Sullivan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, and Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Caroline Salom
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amy Peacock
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
Tuberculosis as a Risk Factor for 1918 Influenza Pandemic Outcomes. Trop Med Infect Dis 2019; 4:tropicalmed4020074. [PMID: 31035651 PMCID: PMC6630781 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed4020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) mortality declined after the 1918 pandemic, suggesting that influenza killed those who would have died from TB. Few studies have analyzed TB as a direct risk factor for 1918 influenza morbidity and mortality by age and sex. We study the impacts of TB on influenza-like illness (% of population sick) and case fatality (% of cases dying) by age and sex through case-control comparisons of patients (N = 201) and employees (N = 97) from two Norwegian sanatoriums. Female patients, patients at Landeskogen sanatorium, and patients aged 10–39 years had significantly lower morbidity than the controls. None of the 62 sick employees died, while 15 of 84 sick patients did. The case-control difference in case fatality by sex was only significant for females at Lyster sanatorium and females at both sanatoriums combined. Non-significant case-control differences in case fatality for males were likely due to small samples. Patients 20–29 years for both sexes combined at Lyster sanatorium and at both sanatoriums combined, as well as females 20–29 years for both sanatoriums combined, had significantly higher case fatality. We conclude that TB was associated with higher case fatality, but morbidity was lower for patients than for employees. The results add to the study of interactions between bacterial and viral diseases and are relevant in preparing for pandemics in TB endemic areas.
Collapse
|
4
|
Moroz E, Albrecht RA, Aden B, Beeder AB, Yuan J, García-Sastre A, Edlin BR, Salvatore M. Active opioid use does not attenuate the humoral responses to inactivated influenza vaccine. Vaccine 2016; 34:1363-9. [PMID: 26859239 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza vaccination is recommended for vulnerable individuals, including active drug users, to prevent influenza complications and decrease influenza spread. Recent studies suggest that opioids negatively regulate immune responses in experimental models, but the extent to which opioid use will affect the humoral responses to influenza vaccine in humans is unknown. This information is critical in maximizing vaccination efforts. OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is a difference in antibody response after influenza vaccination in heroin or methadone users compared to control subjects. METHODS We studied active heroin users, subjects on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and subjects that did not use any drugs before and 1 and 4 weeks after vaccination with trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV). We measured hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization titers, and we compared geometric mean titers (GMT), and rates of seroprotection and seroconversion for each of the vaccine strains among the 3 groups of subjects. RESULTS Heroin users, subjects on MMT and non-user controls mount a similarly robust serologic response to TIV. GMT and rates of seroprotection and seroconversion were not significantly different among groups. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that opioid use do not significantly alter antibody responses to influenza vaccine supporting the vaccination effort in these populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Randy A Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, US; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai, US
| | - Brandon Aden
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, US
| | | | - Jianda Yuan
- Immune Monitoring Facility, Ludwig Center for Center Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, US
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, US; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai, US; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, US
| | - Brian R Edlin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, US; Institute for Infectious Disease Research, National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY, US
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sayyad B, Alavian SM, Najafi F, Mokhtari Azad T, Ari Tabarestani MH, Shirvani M, Behnava B, Afshrian M, Vaziri S, Janbakhsh AR, Mansouri F, Kaviani S. Efficacy of influenza vaccination in patients with cirrhosis and inactive carriers of hepatitis B virus infection. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2012; 14:623-30. [PMID: 23285414 PMCID: PMC3518979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza can causes morbidity and mortality that are greatly enhanced in patients with underlying chronic diseases such as Cirrhotic patients. This study was performed to assess the immunogenicity of Influenza vaccination in patients with cirrhosis and inactive carriers of Hepatitis B virus infection. METHODS In this clinical study 93 enrolled subjects divided into 3 groups: Cirrhotic (N=28), Inactive carriers of Hepatitis B (N=31) and subjects (N=34). All the participants were vaccinated by Influenza vaccine (Influvac®). Serum samples were taken before and 4 weeks after vaccination and the Humoral Immunogenicity was assessed by the Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test. RESULTS Four weeks after vaccination, seroconversion rates of vaccine strains ranged between 71.4% and 100% in Group 1, 70.6% and 94.1% in Group 2, and 58.1% and 80.7% in Group 3. No significant differences were seen in the rates of Seroconversion and antibody Geometric Mean Titers (GMTs) against Influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) vaccine components in the three groups (P>0.05).The rates of Seroconversion and antibody GMTs against Influenza B vaccine component were significantly higher in Cirrhotic and inactive carriers of Hepatitis B than healthy subjects (P<0.005). No significant (P>0.05) differences in the rates of Seroprotection were observed within the three groups. Antibody GMTs against all three strains of Influenza vaccine increased significantly (P<0.001) after vaccination in three groups. CONCLUSION Influenza vaccination is effective in Cirrhotic patients and inactive carriers of Hepatitis B as well as healthy individuals. It means that vaccination should be considered in such patients in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality of Influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Sayyad
- Kermanshah Liver Diseases and Hepatitis Research Center, Kermanshah University of medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - S M Alavian
- Baqyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Najafi
- Kermanshah Health Research Center, Kermanshah University of medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - T Mokhtari Azad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M H Ari Tabarestani
- Kermanshah Liver Diseases and Hepatitis Research Center, Kermanshah University of medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - M Shirvani
- Kermanshah Liver Diseases and Hepatitis Research Center, Kermanshah University of medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - B Behnava
- Baqyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Afshrian
- Kermanshah Liver Diseases and Hepatitis Research Center, Kermanshah University of medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - S Vaziri
- Kermanshah Liver Diseases and Hepatitis Research Center, Kermanshah University of medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - A R Janbakhsh
- Kermanshah Liver Diseases and Hepatitis Research Center, Kermanshah University of medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - F Mansouri
- Kermanshah Liver Diseases and Hepatitis Research Center, Kermanshah University of medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sh Kaviani
- Kermanshah Liver Diseases and Hepatitis Research Center, Kermanshah University of medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Durham MD, Buchacz K, Armon C, Patel P, Wood K, Brooks JT. Rates and correlates of influenza vaccination among HIV-infected adults in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS), USA, 1999-2008. Prev Med 2011; 53:89-94. [PMID: 21569791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to describe rates of vaccination among HIV-infected adults in care and identify factors associated with vaccination. METHODS Using data abstracted from medical records of participants in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) during 8 influenza seasons (1999-2008) and negative binomial models with generalized estimating equation methods, we examined factors associated with increased prevalence of annual influenza vaccination. RESULTS Among active patients, 25.8% to 43.3% were vaccinated for influenza each year (annual mean=35%, test for trend p=0.71). Vaccination rates peaked in October and November of each season and decreased sharply thereafter. In multivariable analysis, patients who were male (67.2%), non-Hispanic white (70%) or Hispanic (66%), had lower HIV viral loads (73.5%), were prescribed antiretroviral treatment (72.7%), or had a greater number of clinical encounters per year (86.7%) were more likely to receive influenza vaccination. DISCUSSION The decreased likelihood of vaccination among women and non-Hispanic black patients suggests the need for focused efforts to reduce disparities. Increasing patient and clinician education on the importance of universal vaccination, and ensuring that vaccination activities continue in HIV clinics during the later months of the influenza season may improve influenza vaccine coverage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus D Durham
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ong R, Kwa AL, Lee W. Dual Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination in Elderly Patients with Chronic Illnesses: Protective Benefits Overestimated? Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52:558-9; author reply 559. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciq187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
8
|
Hutchins SS, Truman BI, Merlin TL, Redd SC. Protecting vulnerable populations from pandemic influenza in the United States: a strategic imperative. Am J Public Health 2009; 99 Suppl 2:S243-8. [PMID: 19797737 PMCID: PMC4504371 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2009.164814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Protecting vulnerable populations from pandemic influenza is a strategic imperative. The US national strategy for pandemic influenza preparedness and response assigns roles to governments, businesses, civic and community-based organizations, individuals, and families. Because influenza is highly contagious, inadequate preparedness or untimely response in vulnerable populations increases the risk of infection for the general population. Recent public health emergencies have reinforced the importance of preparedness and the challenges of effective response among vulnerable populations. We explore definitions and determinants of vulnerable, at-risk, and special populations and highlight approaches for ensuring that pandemic influenza preparedness includes these populations and enables them to respond appropriately. We also provide an overview of population-specific and cross-cutting articles in this theme issue on influenza preparedness for vulnerable populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja S Hutchins
- Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Office of the Chief of Public Health Practice, Office of the Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Mailstop E-67, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|