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Prowse SR, Treweek S, Kiezebrink K, Hanna C. Evidencing the impacts of health research: Insights from trials reported in the 2018 Australian Engagement and Impact Assessment. Health Promot J Austr 2024; 35:423-432. [PMID: 37493241 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED While definitions of impact may vary, they often refer to the wider benefits of research evidenced beyond academia. We evaluated case studies featuring randomised trials from the 2018 Engagement and Impact Assessment to better understand how the impacts of health research are evidenced and assessed within Australia. METHODS We collated and evaluated 'high' scoring case studies submitted by higher education institutions with a focus on randomised trials across all areas of health research. A qualitative coding system was used for manual content analysis to assess the key characteristics of trials reported, subsequent impacts and the methods used to evidence impacts. RESULTS A total of 14 case studies were identified citing 35 clinical trials. The majority of interventions were behavioural with a focus on mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders. Most trials were phase III, focused on the treatment of the indication and were funded by industry. Contribution to clinical guidelines was the highest cited research impact. While there was evidence of researchers seeking to maximise trial impact, case studies lacked details on the role of trial participants and other beneficiaries in generating impact. CONCLUSIONS The impacts of health research can be improved through a better understanding of the priorities and agendas of funders, providing evidence of tangible impact rather than information that is contextual or predictive, and through the early development of impact strategies involving both researchers and beneficiaries. SO WHAT?: Large-scale impact exercises intended for a broad range of disciplines may not be reflective of the depth and scope of health sciences research including trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Prowse
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Shaun Treweek
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Kirsty Kiezebrink
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Catherine Hanna
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Kronman MP, Snowden JN. Historical Perspective of Pediatric Health Disparities in Infectious Diseases: Centuries in the Making. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2022; 11:S127-S131. [PMID: 36112495 PMCID: PMC9494470 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piac088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus (COVID-19) laid bare the disproportionate effects of infectious agents on vulnerable communities. However, historically, infectious diseases have long been known to affect certain communities to a greater extent than others. The mechanisms behind these differences are multifactorial, and lie less in biological susceptibility and instead more on socioeconomic factors and other social determinants of health. This article highlights health disparities in common infections such as respiratory syncytial virus, tuberculosis, HIV, syphilis, and influenza and will use lessons learned from previous pathogens and infectious disease disparities in vulnerable populations to provide context to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Kronman
- Corresponding Author: Matthew P. Kronman, MD, MSCE, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Jessica N Snowden
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA,Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Folayan MO, Conway M, Russo C, Diniz N, Jafta LP, Sam-Agudu NA, Bernays S, Santana VM, Epps C, Turner MA. Health Equity in Pediatric Drug Development: Translating Aspiration into Operation. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2022; 56:991-1003. [PMID: 35596108 PMCID: PMC9122543 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-022-00410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The concept of health equity—the attainment of the highest possible level of health for all members of society—requires equitable access to all aspects of healthcare, including pediatric drug development. However, many communities are under-represented in pediatric drug development programs. Barriers to participation include geographic, economic, racial/ethnic bias, legal, cultural, linguistic, and other factors. While there is no “one size fits all” approach to addressing these barriers, community engagement and collaboration is recognized by the Centers for Disease Control, the World Health Organization, and other global health organizations as a cornerstone for building a more equitable healthcare system. In this article, we will present case studies of stakeholder and community engagement in clinical research for rare diseases and other areas of healthcare, as examples of strategies and practices for actively involving under-represented communities and fostering their participation in pediatric drug development programs. These studies may serve as templates for facilitating equity in pediatric drug development from aspiration into operation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carolyn Russo
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nilza Diniz
- Biology Department, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | | | - Nadia A Sam-Agudu
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.,Institute of Human Virology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Coast School of Medical Sciences, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Sarah Bernays
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Victor M Santana
- Departments of Oncology and Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Carla Epps
- Office of Pediatric Therapeutics, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Mark A Turner
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK. .,Neonatal Unit, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Crown Street, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK.
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