Acyclic neutral carrier-based polymer membrane electrode for a stimulant, phentermine

Simultaneous high-throughput determination of clenbuterol, ambroxol and bromhexine in pharmaceutical formulations by HPLC with potentiometric detection

Potentiometric detection of clenbuterol, ambroxol and bromhexine in marketed pharmaceuticals was described in six isocratic HPLC systems. The podant- and macrocyclic-type neutral ionophores, N,N,N',N'-tetracyclohexyl-oxybis(o-phenyleneoxy)diacetamide (TOPA) and hexakis(2,3,6-tri-O-octyl)-alpha-cyclodextrin (OCD), were applied in poly(vinyl)chloride (PVC)-based liquid membrane electrodes. Both types of neutral ionophores improve the sensitivity for all mentioned drugs when compared with a tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl)borate (BOR)-based electrode as well as with single wavelength UV detection. Detection limits (S/N=3) of 2.6 x 10(-10) mol l(-1) (injected concentration) for the highly hydrophobic bromhexine were achieved with the TOPA-based electrode and a cyano reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC with Uptisphere UP5CN-25QS silica column (250 x 4.6 mm i.d.) eluted with acetonitrile (AcN)-ethanol-perchloric acid (1.66 mM) (60:2:38, v/v/v) (pH* 2.45). Comparable result was obtained with OCD-based electrodes and an XTerra RP18 hybrid silica-polymer column eluted with AcN-phosphoric acid (20 mM) (25:75, v/v) (pH* 2.60). In the mobile phases containing 60-75% v/v AcN or methanol, stable and reproducible response of both types of neutral ionophore-based electrodes was observed for at least 3 days. The results of the validated procedure for reliable simultaneous determination of the drugs in fortified representative samples of pharmaceuticals were also presented.