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Muniandy S, Teh SJ, Thong KL, Thiha A, Dinshaw IJ, Lai CW, Ibrahim F, Leo BF. Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Foodborne Bacterial Detection. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 49:510-533. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1561243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Muniandy
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Swe Jyan Teh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kwai Lin Thong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aung Thiha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ignatius Julian Dinshaw
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin Wei Lai
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bey Fen Leo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Central Unit of Advanced Research Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Nguyen HH, Lee SH, Lee UJ, Fermin CD, Kim M. Immobilized Enzymes in Biosensor Applications. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E121. [PMID: 30609693 PMCID: PMC6337536 DOI: 10.3390/ma12010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-based biosensing devices have been extensively developed over the last few decades, and have proven to be innovative techniques in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of a variety of target substrates over a wide range of applications. Distinct advantages that enzyme-based biosensors provide, such as high sensitivity and specificity, portability, cost-effectiveness, and the possibilities for miniaturization and point-of-care diagnostic testing make them more and more attractive for research focused on clinical analysis, food safety control, or disease monitoring purposes. Therefore, this review article investigates the operating principle of enzymatic biosensors utilizing electrochemical, optical, thermistor, and piezoelectric measurement techniques and their applications in the literature, as well as approaches in improving the use of enzymes for biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Hiep Nguyen
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeongno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Sun Hyeok Lee
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeongno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Ui Jin Lee
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Cesar D Fermin
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36830, USA.
| | - Moonil Kim
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeongno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36830, USA.
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Yamamoto S, Uno S. Redox Cycling Realized in Paper-Based Biochemical Sensor for Selective Detection of Reversible Redox Molecules Without Micro/Nano Fabrication Process. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18030730. [PMID: 29495647 PMCID: PMC5876865 DOI: 10.3390/s18030730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a paper-based biochemical sensor that realizes redox cycling with close interelectrode distance. Two electrodes, the generator and collector electrodes, can detect steady-state oxidation and reduction currents when suitable potential is held at each electrode. The sensor has two gold plates on both sides of a piece of chromatography paper and defines the interelectrode distance by the thickness of the paper (180 μm) without any micro-fabrication processes. Our proposed sensor geometry has successfully exhibited signatures of redox cycling. As a result, the concentration of ferrocyanide as reversible redox molecules was successfully quantified under the interference by ascorbic acid as a strong irreversible reducing agent. This was possible because the ascorbic acids are completely consumed by the irreversible reaction, while maintaining redox cycling of reversible ferrocyanide. This suggests that a sensor based on the redox cycling method will be suitable for detecting target molecules at low concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yamamoto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Shigeyasu Uno
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
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Sharma D, Lim Y, Lee Y, Shin H. Glucose sensor based on redox-cycling between selectively modified and unmodified combs of carbon interdigitated array nanoelectrodes. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 889:194-202. [PMID: 26343443 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel electrochemical glucose sensor employing an interdigitated array (IDA) of 1:1 aspect ratio carbon nanoelectrodes for the electrochemical-enzymatic redox cycling of redox species (ferricyanide/ferrocyanide) between glucose oxidase (GOx) and the two comb-shaped nanoelectrodes of the IDA. The carbon nanoelectrodes were fabricated using a simple, cost-effective, reproducible microfabrication technology known as the carbon-microelectromechanical-systems (C-MEMS) process. One comb (comb 1) of the IDA was selectively modified with GOx via the electrochemical reduction of an aryl diazonium salt, while the other comb (comb 2) remained unmodified; this facilitates electrochemically more active surface of comb 2, resulting in sensitive glucose detection. Ferricyanide is reduced to ferrocyanide by the GOx in the presence of glucose, and ferrocyanide diffuses to both combs of the IDA where it is oxidized. The limited electrochemical current collection at the surface-modified comb 1 is counterbalanced by the efficient redox cycling between the enzyme sites at comb 1 and the bare carbon surface of comb 2. Reducing the electrode-to-electrode gap between the two combs (gap = 1.9 μm) increases the diffusion flux of redox species at comb 2 hence, enhanced the sensitivity and limit of detection of the glucose sensor by ∼2.3 and ∼295 times, respectively at comb 2 compared to comb 1. The developed IDA-based glucose sensor demonstrated good amperometric response to glucose, affording two linear ranges from 0.001 to 1 mM and from 1 to 10 mM, with limits of detection of 0.4 and 61 μM and sensitivities of 823.2 and 70.0 μA mM(-1) cm(-2), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongjin Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjeong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungjoo Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.
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van Megen M, Odijk M, Wiedemair J, Olthuis W, van den Berg A. Differential cyclic voltammetry for selective and amplified detection. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012; 681:6-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Straver MG, Odijk M, Olthuis W, van den Berg A. A simple method to fabricate electrochemical sensor systems with predictable high-redox cycling amplification. Lab Chip 2012; 12:1548-1553. [PMID: 22361973 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc21233a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper an easy to fabricate SU8/glass-based microfluidic sensor is described with two closely spaced parallel electrodes for highly selective measurements using the redox cycling effect. By varying the length of the microfluidic entrance channel, a diffusion barrier is created for non-cycling species effectively increasing selectivity for redox cycling species. Using this sensor, a redox cycling amplification of ∼6500× is measured using the ferrocyanide redox couple. Moreover, a simple, but accurate analytical expression is derived that predicts the amplification factor based on the sensor geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Straver
- BIOS/Lab-on-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Ishige Y, Goto Y, Yanagi I, Ishida T, Itabashi N, Kamahori M. Feasibility Study on Direct Counting of Viruses and Bacteria by Using Microelectrode Array. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lewis PM, Sheridan LB, Gawley RE, Fritsch I. Signal amplification in a microchannel from redox cycling with varied electroactive configurations of an individually addressable microband electrode array. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1659-68. [PMID: 20108925 PMCID: PMC2857402 DOI: 10.1021/ac901066p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amperometric detection at microelectrodes in lab-on-a-chip (LOAC) devices lose advantages in signal-to-background ratio, reduced ohmic iR drop, and steady-state signal when volumes are so small that diffusion fields reach the walls before flux becomes fully radial. Redox cycling of electroactive species between multiple, closely spaced microelectrodes offsets that limitation and provides amplification capabilities. A device that integrates a microchannel with an individually addressable microband electrode array has been used to study effects of signal amplification due to redox cycling in a confined, static solution with different configurations and numbers of active generators and collectors. The microfabricated device consists of a 22 microm high, 600 microm wide microchannel containing an array of 50 microm wide, 600 microm long gold microbands, separated by 25 microm gaps, interspersed with an 800 microm wide counter electrode and 400 microm wide passive conductor, with a distant but on-chip 400 microm wide pseudoreference electrode. Investigations involve solutions of potassium chloride electrolyte containing potassium ferrocyanide. Amplification factors were as high as 7.60, even with these microelectrodes of fairly large dimensions (which are generally less expensive, easier, and more reproducible to fabricate), because of the significant role that passive and active (instrumentally induced) redox cycling plays in confined volumes of enclosed microchannels. The studies are useful in optimizing designs for LOAC devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny M. Lewis
- University of Arkansas, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fayetteville, AR 72701, Tel: (479) 575-6499, Fax: (479) 575-4049,
| | - Leah Bullard Sheridan
- University of Arkansas, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fayetteville, AR 72701, Tel: (479) 575-6499, Fax: (479) 575-4049,
| | - Robert E. Gawley
- University of Arkansas, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fayetteville, AR 72701, Tel: (479) 575-6499, Fax: (479) 575-4049,
| | - Ingrid Fritsch
- University of Arkansas, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fayetteville, AR 72701, Tel: (479) 575-6499, Fax: (479) 575-4049,
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Abstract
A microfluidic biosensor with electrochemical detection for the quantification of nucleic acid sequences was developed. In contrast to most microbiosensors that are based on fluorescence for signal generation, it takes advantage of the simplicity and high sensitivity provided by an amperometric and coulorimetric detection system. An interdigitated ultramicroelectrode array (IDUA) was fabricated in a glass chip and integrated directly with microchannels made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The assembly was packaged into a Plexiglas housing providing fluid and electrical connections. IDUAs were characterized amperometrically and using cyclic voltammetry with respect to static and dynamic responses for the presence of a reversible redox couple-potassium hexacyanoferrate (ii)/hexacyanoferrate (iii) (ferri/ferrocyanide). A combined concentration of 0.5 microM of ferro/ferricyanide was determined as lower limit of detection with a dynamic range of 5 orders of magnitude. Background signals were negligible and the IDUA responded in a highly reversible manner to the injection of various volumes and various concentrations of the electrochemical marker. For the detection of nucleic acid sequences, liposomes entrapping the electrochemical marker were tagged with a DNA probe, and superparamagnetic beads were coated with a second DNA probe. A single stranded DNA target sequence hybridized with both probes. The sandwich was captured in the microfluidic channel just upstream of the IDUA via a magnet located in the outside housing. Liposomes were lysed using a detergent and the amount of released ferro/ferricyanide was quantified while passing by the IDUA. Optimal location of the magnet with respect to the IDUA was investigated, the effect of dextran sulfate on the hybridization reaction was studied and the amount of magnetic beads used in the assay was optimized. A dose response curve using varying concentrations of target DNA molecules was carried out demonstrating a limit of detection at 1 fmol assay(-1) and a dynamic range between 1 and 50 fmol. The overall assay took 6 min to complete, plus 15-20 min of pre-incubation and required only a simple potentiostat for signal recording and interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy N Goral
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- S. V. Dzyadevych
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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Yamaguchi A, Jin P, Tsuchiyama H, Masuda T, Sun K, Matsuo S, Misawa H. Rapid fabrication of electrochemical enzyme sensor chip using polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic channel. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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