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Almeida B, Dias TR, Teixeira AL, Dias F, Medeiros R. MicroRNAs Derived from Extracellular Vesicles: Keys to Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Response in Cancer Patients? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4017. [PMID: 37627045 PMCID: PMC10452664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) provoked a global pandemic identified as coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with millions of deaths worldwide. However, several important questions regarding its impact on public health remain unanswered, such as the impact of vaccination on vulnerable subpopulations such as cancer patients. Cytokine storm and a sustained inflammatory state are commonly associated with immune cell depletion, being manifested in most immunocompromised individuals. This strong immunosuppression can lead to a dysfunctional antiviral response to natural viral infection and compromised vaccination response. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles released from cells that are involved in intercellular communication. EVs carry various molecules including microRNAs that play a crucial role in COVID-19 pathophysiology, influencing cellular responses. This review summarizes the state of the art concerning the role of EV-derived miRNAs in COVID-19 infection and their potential use as prognosis biomarkers for vaccination response in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Almeida
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (B.A.); (T.R.D.); (A.L.T.); (R.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia R. Dias
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (B.A.); (T.R.D.); (A.L.T.); (R.M.)
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Teixeira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (B.A.); (T.R.D.); (A.L.T.); (R.M.)
| | - Francisca Dias
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (B.A.); (T.R.D.); (A.L.T.); (R.M.)
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (B.A.); (T.R.D.); (A.L.T.); (R.M.)
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Biomedicine Research Center (CEBIMED), Research Inovation and Development Institute (FP-I3ID), Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League against Cancer Northern Branch (LPCC-NRN), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
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Jankovic M, Nikolic D, Novakovic I, Petrovic B, Lackovic M, Santric-Milicevic M. miRNAs as a Potential Biomarker in the COVID-19 Infection and Complications Course, Severity, and Outcome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:1091. [PMID: 36980399 PMCID: PMC10047241 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last three years, since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant number of scientific publications have focused on resolving susceptibility to the infection, as well as the course of the disease and potential long-term complications. COVID-19 is widely considered as a multisystem disease and a variety of socioeconomic, medical, and genetic/epigenetic factors may contribute to the disease severity and outcome. Furthermore, the SARS-COV-2 infection may trigger pathological processes and accelerate underlying conditions to clinical entities. The development of specific and sensitive biomarkers that are easy to obtain will allow for patient stratification, prevention, prognosis, and more individualized treatments for COVID-19. miRNAs are proposed as promising biomarkers for different aspects of COVID-19 disease (susceptibility, severity, complication course, outcome, and therapeutic possibilities). This review summarizes the most relevant findings concerning miRNA involvement in COVID-19 pathology. Additionally, the role of miRNAs in wide range of complications due to accompanied and/or underlying health conditions is discussed. The importance of understanding the functional relationships between different conditions, such as pregnancy, obesity, or neurological diseases, with COVID-19 is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Jankovic
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Children's Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Novakovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Petrovic
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Lackovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital "Dragisa Misovic", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Santric-Milicevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Maranini B, Ciancio G, Ferracin M, Cultrera R, Negrini M, Sabbioni S, Govoni M. microRNAs and Inflammatory Immune Response in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020288. [PMID: 35207576 PMCID: PMC8879390 DOI: 10.3390/life12020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has emerged as an international challenge with strong medical and socioeconomic impact. The spectrum of clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 is wide, covering asymptomatic or mild cases up to severe and life-threatening complications. Critical courses of SARS-CoV-2 infection are thought to be driven by the so-called “cytokine storm”, derived from an excessive immune response that induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In recent years, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) emerged as potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in both inflammatory and infectious diseases. Therefore, the identification of SARS-CoV-2 miRNAs and host miRNAs is an important research topic, investigating the host–virus crosstalk in COVID-19 infection, trying to answer the pressing question of whether miRNA-based therapeutics can be employed to tackle SARS-CoV-2 complications. In this review, we aimed to directly address ncRNA role in SARS-CoV-2-immune system crosstalk upon COVID-19 infection, particularly focusing on inflammatory pathways and cytokine storm syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Maranini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.C.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giovanni Ciancio
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Rosario Cultrera
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Silvia Sabbioni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Marcello Govoni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.C.); (M.G.)
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Bautista-Becerril B, Pérez-Dimas G, Sommerhalder-Nava PC, Hanono A, Martínez-Cisneros JA, Zarate-Maldonado B, Muñoz-Soria E, Aquino-Gálvez A, Castillejos-López M, Juárez-Cisneros A, Lopez-Gonzalez JS, Camarena A. miRNAs, from Evolutionary Junk to Possible Prognostic Markers and Therapeutic Targets in COVID-19. Viruses 2021; 14:41. [PMID: 35062245 PMCID: PMC8781105 DOI: 10.3390/v14010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a public health issue around the world in the last few years. Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment to fight the disease. Thus, it is essential to highlight possible prognostic predictors that could identify patients with a high risk of developing complications. Within this framework, miRNA biomolecules play a vital role in the genetic regulation of various genes, principally, those related to the pathophysiology of the disease. Here, we review the interaction of host and viral microRNAs with molecular and cellular elements that could potentiate the main pulmonary, cardiac, renal, circulatory, and neuronal complications in COVID-19 patients. miR-26a, miR-29b, miR-21, miR-372, and miR-2392, among others, have been associated with exacerbation of the inflammatory process, increasing the risk of a cytokine storm. In addition, increased expression of miR-15b, -199a, and -491 are related to the prognosis of the disease, and miR-192 and miR-323a were identified as clinical predictors of mortality in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Finally, we address miR-29, miR-122, miR-155, and miR-200, among others, as possible therapeutic targets. However, more studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Bautista-Becerril
- Laboratorio HLA, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (B.B.-B.); (A.J.-C.)
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Departamento de Posgrado, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (G.P.-D.); (E.M.-S.)
| | - Guillermo Pérez-Dimas
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Departamento de Posgrado, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (G.P.-D.); (E.M.-S.)
| | - Paola C. Sommerhalder-Nava
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Mexico City 52786, Mexico; (P.C.S.-N.); (A.H.); (B.Z.-M.)
| | - Alejandro Hanono
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Mexico City 52786, Mexico; (P.C.S.-N.); (A.H.); (B.Z.-M.)
| | | | - Bárbara Zarate-Maldonado
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Mexico City 52786, Mexico; (P.C.S.-N.); (A.H.); (B.Z.-M.)
| | - Evangelina Muñoz-Soria
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Departamento de Posgrado, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (G.P.-D.); (E.M.-S.)
| | - Arnoldo Aquino-Gálvez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Manuel Castillejos-López
- Departamento de Epidemiología Hospitalaria e Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Armida Juárez-Cisneros
- Laboratorio HLA, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (B.B.-B.); (A.J.-C.)
| | - Jose S. Lopez-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Cáncer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Angel Camarena
- Laboratorio HLA, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (B.B.-B.); (A.J.-C.)
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Rahman K, Compton AA. The Indirect Antiviral Potential of Long Noncoding RNAs Encoded by IFITM Pseudogenes. J Virol 2021; 95:e0068021. [PMID: 34319781 PMCID: PMC8513482 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00680-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) gene family performs multiple functions in immunity, including inhibition of virus entry into cells. The IFITM repertoire varies widely between species and consists of protein-coding genes and pseudogenes. The selective forces driving pseudogenization within gene families are rarely understood. In this issue, the human pseudogene IFITM4P is characterized as a virus-induced, long noncoding RNA that contributes to restriction of influenza A virus by regulating mRNA levels of IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Rahman
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Alex A. Compton
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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Winkle M, El-Daly SM, Fabbri M, Calin GA. Noncoding RNA therapeutics - challenges and potential solutions. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:629-651. [PMID: 34145432 PMCID: PMC8212082 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 706] [Impact Index Per Article: 235.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), represents an attractive approach for the treatment of cancers, as well as many other diseases. Over the past decade, substantial effort has been made towards the clinical application of RNA-based therapeutics, employing mostly antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs, with several gaining FDA approval. However, trial results have so far been ambivalent, with some studies reporting potent effects whereas others demonstrated limited efficacy or toxicity. Alternative entities such as antimiRNAs are undergoing clinical testing, and lncRNA-based therapeutics are gaining interest. In this Perspective, we discuss key challenges facing ncRNA therapeutics - including issues associated with specificity, delivery and tolerability - and focus on promising emerging approaches that aim to boost their success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Winkle
- Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas State University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sherien M El-Daly
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Division - Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences - National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - George A Calin
- Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas State University, Houston, TX, USA.
- The RNA Interference and Non-codingRNA Center, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas State University, Houston, TX, USA.
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Gudowska-Sawczuk M, Mroczko B. The Role of Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2772. [PMID: 34202613 PMCID: PMC8267897 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), discovered in 2019, is responsible for the global coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The main protein that interacts with the host cell receptor is the Spike-1 (S1) subunit of the coronavirus. This subunit binds with receptors present on the host cell membrane. It has been identified from several studies that neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is one of the co-receptors for SARS-CoV-2 entry. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the significance of NRP-1 in SARS-CoV-2 infection. MEDLINE/PubMed database was used for a search of available literature. In the current review, we report that NRP-1 plays many important functions, including angiogenesis, neuronal development, and the regulation of immune responses. Additionally, the presence of this glycoprotein on the host cell membrane significantly augments the infection and spread of SARS-CoV-2. Literature data suggest that NRP-1 facilitates entry of the virus into the central nervous system through the olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity. Moreover, published findings show that interfering with VEGF-A/NRP-1 using NRP-1 inhibitors may produce an analgesic effect. The review describes an association between NRP-1, SARS-CoV-2 and, inter alia, pathological changes in the retina. Based on the published findings, we suggest that NRP-1 is a very important mediator implicated in, inter alia, neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, it appears that the use of NRP-1 inhibitors is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gudowska-Sawczuk
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A St., 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A St., 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A St., 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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