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Alamoudi AJ, Nazeer M, Shah N, Ullah S, Alshamrani M, Rizg WY, Ashour OM, Abdel-naim AB, Shah AJ. Diuretic effects of Hecogenin and Hecogenin acetate via aldosterone synthase inhibition. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102105. [PMID: 38873334 PMCID: PMC11170188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Hecogenin (HEC) is a steroidal saponin found in many plant species and serves as a precursor for steroidal drugs. The diuretic effects of HEC and its derivative, hecogenin acetate (HA), remain largely unexplored. The present study aimed to explore the potential diuretic effects of HEC and HA compared to furosemide (FUR) and spironolactone (SPIR). Additionally, the study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism particularly focusing on aldosterone synthase gene expression. Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into nine groups (Group 1-9). Group 1 (control) received the vehicle, Groups 2 received FUR 10 mg/kg, Group 3, 4, and 5 were given HEC, while Groups 6, 7 and 8 received HA i.p at doses of 5, 10, and 25 mg/kg, respectively. Group 9 received SPIR i.p at the dose of 25 mg/kg. Urine volume, diuretic index and diuretic activity were monitored at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 24 h post-administration. Treatment was given daily for seven days. After that, rats were sacrificed and blood was collected for serum electrolytes determination. Adrenal glands were dissected out for gene expression studies. The results revealed that HEC and HA at the administered doses significantly and dose-dependently increased urine and electrolyte excretion. These results were primarily observed at 25 mg/kg of each compound. Gene expression studies demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in aldosterone synthase gene expression, suggesting aldosterone synthesis inhibition as a potential mechanism for their diuretic activity. Notably, HA exhibited more pronounced diuretic effects surpassing those of HEC. This enhanced diuretic activity of HA can be attributed to its stronger impact on aldosterone synthase inhibition. These findings offer valuable insights into the diuretic effects of both HEC and HA along with their underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmohsin J. Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Nazeer
- Pharmacogenetics Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Nabi Shah
- Pharmacogenetics Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Saif Ullah
- Pharmacogenetics Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Meshal Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Y. Rizg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf B. Abdel-naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Jabbar Shah
- Pharmacogenetics Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
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Öztürk S, Çam K, Babuccu G, Onem UA, Aydın S, Kuşkucu M, Doğan Ö. Rapid Tetra-Primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System-Polymerase Chain Reaction Protocol for Detection of Y132F Mutation in Fluconazole Resistant Candida parapsilosis. Microb Drug Resist 2024; 30:210-213. [PMID: 38346314 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2023.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an emerging fluconazole resistance in Candida parapsilosis in recent years. The leading mechanism causing azole resistance in C. parapsilosis is the Y132F codon alteration in the ERG11 gene which encodes the target enzyme of azole drugs. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity, compatibility, and specificity of a novel tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) method for rapid detection of the Y132F mutation in fluconazole nonsusceptible C. parapsilosis. Antifungal susceptibility tests for detection of fluconazole resistance were performed by broth microdilution according to the CLSI guidelines. All susceptible and nonsusceptible C. parapsilosis isolates were analyzed for ERG11 mutations with Sanger sequencing. T-ARMS-PCR was fully concordant with the Sanger sequencing (100% of sensitivity and specificity) for detection of Y132F mutations. T-ARMS-PCR method could be a rapid, simple, accurate, and economical assay in the early detection of the most common cause of fluconazole resistance in C. parapsilosis isolates. In routine laboratories with high C. parapsilosis isolation rates, performing the T-ARMS-PCR for early detection of the most common reason of fluconazole resistance in C. parapsilosis, could be a life-saving approach for directing antifungal therapy before obtaining the definitive antifungal susceptibility tests results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Öztürk
- Koc University Is Bank Center for Infectious Disease (KUISCID), Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University, Graduate School of Health Science, Medical Microbiology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kübra Çam
- Koc University Is Bank Center for Infectious Disease (KUISCID), Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University, Graduate School of Health Science, Medical Microbiology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Babuccu
- Koc University Is Bank Center for Infectious Disease (KUISCID), Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University, Graduate School of Health Science, Medical Microbiology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Serhat Aydın
- School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mert Kuşkucu
- Koc University Is Bank Center for Infectious Disease (KUISCID), Istanbul, Turkey
- Microbiology Department, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Doğan
- Koc University Is Bank Center for Infectious Disease (KUISCID), Istanbul, Turkey
- Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Chen Z, Li J, Bai Y, Liu Z, Wei Y, Guo D, Jia X, Shi B, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Hu J, Han X, Wang J, Liu X, Li S, Zhao F. Unlocking the Transcriptional Control of NCAPG in Bovine Myoblasts: CREB1 and MYOD1 as Key Players. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2506. [PMID: 38473754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle formation directly determines meat production and quality. The non-SMC condensin I complex subunit G (NCAPG) is strongly linked to the growth features of domestic animals because it is essential in controlling muscle growth and development. This study aims to elucidate the tissue expression level of the bovine NCAPG gene, and determine the key transcription factors for regulating the bovine NCAPG gene. In this study, we observed that the bovine NCAPG gene exhibited high expression levels in longissimus dorsi and spleen tissues. Subsequently, we cloned and characterized the promoter region of the bovine NCAPG gene, consisting of a 2039 bp sequence, through constructing the deletion fragment double-luciferase reporter vector and site-directed mutation-identifying core promoter region with its key transcription factor binding site. In addition, the key transcription factors of the core promoter sequence of the bovine NCAPG gene were analyzed and predicted using online software. Furthermore, by integrating overexpression experiments and the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), we have shown that cAMP response element binding protein 1 (CREB1) and myogenic differentiation 1 (MYOD1) bind to the core promoter region (-598/+87), activating transcription activity in the bovine NCAPG gene. In conclusion, these findings shed important light on the regulatory network mechanism that underlies the expression of the NCAPG gene throughout the development of the muscles in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongchang Chen
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jingsheng Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yanbin Bai
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhanxin Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yali Wei
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dashan Guo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xue Jia
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Bingang Shi
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhidong Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiangmin Han
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiqing Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shaobin Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Li J, Chen Z, Bai Y, Wei Y, Guo D, Liu Z, Niu Y, Shi B, Zhang X, Cai Y, Zhao Z, Hu J, Wang J, Liu X, Li S, Zhao F. Integration of ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq Analysis to Identify Key Genes in the Longissimus Dorsi Muscle Development of the Tianzhu White Yak. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:158. [PMID: 38203329 PMCID: PMC10779322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
During the postnatal stages, skeletal muscle development undergoes a series of meticulously regulated alterations in gene expression. However, limited studies have employed chromatin accessibility to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms governing muscle development in yak species. Therefore, we conducted an analysis of both gene expression levels and chromatin accessibility to comprehensively characterize the dynamic genome-wide chromatin accessibility during muscle growth and development in the Tianzhu white yak, thereby elucidating the features of accessible chromatin regions throughout this process. Initially, we compared the differences in chromatin accessibility between two groups and observed that calves exhibited higher levels of chromatin accessibility compared to adult cattle, particularly within ±2 kb of the transcription start site (TSS). In order to investigate the correlation between alterations in chromatin accessible regions and variations in gene expression levels, we employed a combination of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq techniques, leading to the identification of 18 central transcriptional factors (TFs) and 110 key genes with significant effects. Through further analysis, we successfully identified several TFs, including Sp1, YY1, MyoG, MEF2A and MEF2C, as well as a number of candidate genes (ANKRD2, ANKRD1, BTG2 and LMOD3) which may be closely associated with muscle growth and development. Moreover, we constructed an interactive network program encompassing hub TFs and key genes related to muscle growth and development. This innovative approach provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanism underlying skeletal muscle development in the postnatal stages of Tianzhu white yaks while also establishing a solid theoretical foundation for future research on yak muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhidong Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Xiao J, Tan J, Yu L, Liu G, Yu S. Effects of DJ‑1 on apoptosis and mitophagy of glomerular podocytes. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:463. [PMID: 37664676 PMCID: PMC10468806 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
By studying the effects of DJ-1 overexpression and silencing on the morphological structure and mitophagy of glomerular podocytes, the present study aimed to identify the effects of DJ-1 on glomerular podocyte apoptosis and mitophagy. MPC5 mouse glomerular podocytes were cultured in vitro and divided into four groups: Control, DJ-1 overexpression, empty vector and DJ-1 silencing. DJ-1 gene overexpression and silencing models were prepared, the morphological structures of podocytes and mitochondria in each group were observed, and podocyte apoptosis and DJ-1/PTEN expression were subsequently detected in each group. The experimental results showed reduced volume, retracted foot processes, loosened intercellular connections, presence of dead cells, increased apoptotic rate, increased expression of PTEN, and swollen mitochondria due to the number of vacuoles and autophagosomes in podocytes in the DJ-1 silencing group. The surface areas of podocytes in the DJ-1 overexpression group were greater than those in the control group. Moreover, the structure of the foot processes was more obvious, the number of cells was greater, the intercellular connections were closer, the apoptotic rate was reduced, the expression of PTEN was decreased, the mitochondrial structure was more obvious and the mitochondrial cristae were more whole. Notably, there were no differences between the empty vector and control groups. In conclusion, these results indicated that DJ-1 may regulate podocyte apoptosis and mitophagy through the DJ-1/PTEN pathway, and could maintain the stability of the normal morphology, structure and function of glomerular podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524002, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Shengyou Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
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6
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Shafique R, Mahjabeen I, Bibi K, Kalsoom F, Rizwan M, Ashraf NS, Mehmood A, Ul Haq MF, Abbasi SF, Saeed N, Kayani MA. miRNA-767 and its binding site polymorphism in the mTOR gene act as potential biomarkers for female reproductive cancers. Future Oncol 2023; 19:1929-1943. [PMID: 37781867 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: The present study aimed to understand the relationship between the mTOR gene SNP (rs2536) and reproductive cancer risk. The expression level of miRNA-767 was also assessed. Methods: 700 tumor samples (300 breast, 200 ovarian and 200 cervical cancers), along with adjacent uninvolved control tissue, were used. rs2536 was screened using Tetra-ARMS PCR and expression level of miRNA-767 was assessed using quantitative PCR. Results: The frequency of the homozygous mutant genotype of rs2536 was observed significantly higher in breast (p < 0.04), ovarian (p < 0.005) and cervical (p < 0.003) cancers. Significant downregulation of miRNA-767 was observed in tumors compared with controls. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that increased mutant frequency of rs2536 and deregulation of miRNA-767 are associated with increased reproductive cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Shafique
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kashaf Bibi
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farah Kalsoom
- Department of Pathology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nida Sarosh Ashraf
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Mehmood
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Fazal Ul Haq
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Fida Abbasi
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Saeed
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
- Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road Islamabad, Pakistan
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7
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Feng L, Si J, Yue J, Zhao M, Qi W, Zhu S, Mo J, Wang L, Lan G, Liang J. The Landscape of Accessible Chromatin and Developmental Transcriptome Maps Reveal a Genetic Mechanism of Skeletal Muscle Development in Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076413. [PMID: 37047386 PMCID: PMC10094211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic regulation mechanism of porcine skeletal muscle development relies on the openness of chromatin and is also precisely regulated by transcriptional machinery. However, fewer studies have exploited the temporal changes in gene expression and the landscape of accessible chromatin to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms controlling muscle development. To address this, skeletal muscle biopsy samples were taken from Landrace pigs at days 0 (D0), 60 (D60), 120 (D120), and 180 (D180) after birth and were then analyzed using RNA-seq and ATAC-seq. The RNA-seq analysis identified 8554 effective differential genes, among which ACBD7, TMEM220, and ATP1A2 were identified as key genes related to the development of porcine skeletal muscle. Some potential cis-regulatory elements identified by ATAC-seq analysis contain binding sites for many transcription factors, including SP1 and EGR1, which are also the predicted transcription factors regulating the expression of ACBD7 genes. Moreover, the omics analyses revealed regulatory regions that become ectopically active after birth during porcine skeletal muscle development after birth and identified 151,245, 53,435, 30,494, and 40,911 peaks. The enriched functional elements are related to the cell cycle, muscle development, and lipid metabolism. In summary, comprehensive high-resolution gene expression maps were developed for the transcriptome and accessible chromatin during postnatal skeletal muscle development in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Feng
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China (G.L.)
| | - Jinglei Si
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China (G.L.)
| | - Jingwei Yue
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China (G.L.)
| | - Wenjing Qi
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China (G.L.)
| | - Siran Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China (G.L.)
| | - Jiayuan Mo
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China (G.L.)
| | - Lixian Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Ganqiu Lan
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China (G.L.)
| | - Jing Liang
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China (G.L.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Zhang X, Yuan H, Yang Z, Hu X, Mahmmod YS, Zhu X, Zhao C, Zhai J, Zhang XX, Luo S, Wang XH, Xue M, Zheng C, Yuan ZG. SARS-CoV-2: An Updated Review Highlighting Its Evolution and Treatments. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:2145. [PMID: 36560555 PMCID: PMC9780920 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, pharmaceutical companies and researchers worldwide have worked hard to develop vaccines and drugs to end the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The potential pathogen responsible for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), SARS-CoV-2, belongs to a novel lineage of beta coronaviruses in the subgenus arbovirus. Antiviral drugs, convalescent plasma, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines are effective treatments for SARS-CoV-2 and are beneficial in preventing infection. Numerous studies have already been conducted using the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with that of other SARS-like viruses, and numerous treatments/prevention measures are currently undergoing or have already undergone clinical trials. We summarize these studies in depth in the hopes of highlighting some key details that will help us to better understand the viral origin, epidemiology, and treatments of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zipeng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yasser S. Mahmmod
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Al Ain Men’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 17155, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Cuiping Zhao
- The 80th Army Hospital of the Chinese people’s Liberation Army, Weifang 261021, China
| | - Jingbo Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Xiu-Xiang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shengjun Luo
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiao-Hu Wang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, China
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Zi-Guo Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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9
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Kumar G, Bhadury P. Effect of different fixatives on yield of DNA from human fecal samples. IOP SCINOTES 2022. [DOI: 10.1088/2633-1357/ac6d2e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Fixation and transportation of human fecal samples is often difficult in geographically remote locations due to unavailability of options for immediate freezing. In this study effectiveness of five different chemical fixatives were evaluated on human fecal samples including for supernatant using RNAprotect Bacteria Reagent (Qiagen), 95% ethanol, acetone, TRIzol and a mixture of all these fixatives, in addition to immediate freezing. DNA was extracted from the fecal samples using QIAamp Fast Stool DNA Minikit as well as quality and yield of extracted DNA was monitored for a period of 30 days. It was found that except TRIzol, all other preservatives showed good DNA quality and yield for a period of one month based on agarose gel electrophoresis, Nanodrop and Qubit measurements. It was also found that supernatant of fecal sample fixed with RNAprotect Bacteria Reagent gave reliable DNA yield in comparison to other various fixatives. The study also revealed that quality and yield of DNA from fecal samples fixed in acetone were very promising since it is a cost-effective fixative. Overall, the study shows future applicability for downstream DNA analyses of the RNAprotect Bacteria Reagent, 95% ethanol, acetone, and a mixture of all these fixatives for fixing human fecal samples to be collected from geographically remote locations or in regions where available resources are largely limited.
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10
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Structural characterization and protective effects of polysaccharide from Gracilaria lemaneiformis on LPS-induced injury in IEC-6 cells. Food Chem X 2021; 12:100157. [PMID: 34816122 PMCID: PMC8593598 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to characterize Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharides and evaluate their protective effects on Lipopolysaccharide-induced injury in IEC-6 cells. The G. lemaneiformis polysaccharide was degraded by UV/H2O2 treatment and purified to three fractions named GLP-1.0 M, GLP-1.4 M and GLP-1.6 M. The purified fractions were mainly composed of galactose, glucose and xylose. The structural analysis showed that GLP-1.6 M was a typical sulfated red alga polysaccharide containing the linear backbone of β-(1 → 3)- and α-(1 → 4)-linked galactosyl residues, anhydro-galactose units. In the Lipopolysaccharide-induced IEC-6 cells model, GLP-1.6 M exerted the strongest in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the release and expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β by 89.93%, 67.82% and 38.06%, respectively. Meanwhile, GLP-1.6 M enhanced the intestinal barrier function via up-regulating the expressions of tight junctions and mucin. Therefore, the purified polysaccharide from G. lemaneiformis could be a promising candidate for maintaining intestinal health in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Qu T, Zhang C, Qin Z, Fan L, Jiang L, Zhao L. A Novel GH Family 20 β-N-acetylhexosaminidase With Both Chitosanase and Chitinase Activity From Aspergillus oryzae. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:684086. [PMID: 34095233 PMCID: PMC8170477 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.684086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminooligosaccharides possess various biological activities and can exploit wide applications in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Commercial aminooligosaccharides are often prepared by the hydrolysis of chitin and chitosan. In this study, a novel GH family 20 β-N-acetylhexosaminidases gene named AoNagase was cloned from Aspergillus oryzae and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The purified AoNagase had maximal activity at pH 5.5 and 65°C. It exhibited good pH stability in the range of pH 6.0–7.5 and at temperatures below 50°C. AoNagase was capable of hydrolyzing not only colloidal chitosan (508.26 U/mg) but also chitin (29.78 U/mg). The kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) of AoNagase were 1.51 mM, 1106.02 U/mg for chitosan and 0.41 mM, 40.31 U/mg for colloidal chitin. To our knowledge, AoNagase is the first GH family 20 β-N-acetylhexosaminidase capable of hydrolyzing both chitosan and chitin. AoNagase is an endo-type β-N-acetylhexosaminidases and can potentially be used for the manufacturing of aminooligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Qu
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyue Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqiang Fan
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Jiang
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai, China
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