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Luo KF, Zhou LX, Wu ZW, Tian Y, Jiang J, Wang MH. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications of huaier in breast cancer treatment. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1269096. [PMID: 38313074 PMCID: PMC10836597 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1269096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common female malignant tumors today and represents a serious health risk for women. Although the survival rate and quality of life of patients with breast cancer are improving with the continuous development of medical technology, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance of breast cancer remain a significant problem. Huaier, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) fungus, is a type of Sophora embolism fungus growing on old Sophora stems. The polysaccharides of Trametes robiniophila Murr (PS-T) are the main active ingredient of Huaier. There is increasing evidence that Huaier has great potential in breast cancer treatment, and its anti-cancer mechanism may be related to a variety of biological activities, such as the inhibition of cell proliferation, metastasis, tumor angiogenesis, the promotion of cancer cell death, and regulation of tumor-specific immunity. There is growing evidence that Huaier may be effective in the clinical treatment of breast cancer. This review systematically summarizes the basic and clinical studies on the use of Huaier in the treatment of breast cancer, providing useful information to guide the clinical application of Huaier and future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-fei Luo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin-xi Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zi-wei Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming-hao Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Kalinkin AI, Sigin VO, Kuznetsova EB, Ignatova EO, Vinogradov II, Vinogradov MI, Vinogradov IY, Zaletaev DV, Nemtsova MV, Kutsev SI, Tanas AS, Strelnikov VV. Epigenomic Profiling Advises Therapeutic Potential of Leukotriene Receptor Inhibitors for a Subset of Triple-Negative Breast Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17343. [PMID: 38139172 PMCID: PMC10743620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive molecular subtype, with a poor survival rate compared to others subtypes. For a long time, chemotherapy was the only systemic treatment for TNBC, and the identification of actionable molecular targets might ultimately improve the prognosis for TNBC patients. We performed a genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation at CpG islands on a collection of one hundred ten breast carcinoma samples and six normal breast tissue samples using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing with the XmaI restriction enzyme (XmaI-RRBS) and identified a subset of TNBC samples with significant hypomethylation at the LTB4R/LTB4R2 genes' CpG islands, including CpG dinucleotides covered with cg12853742 and cg21886367 HumanMethylation 450K microarray probes. Abnormal DNA hypomethylation of this region in TNBC compared to normal samples was confirmed by bisulfite Sanger sequencing. Gene expression generally anticorrelates with promoter methylation, and thus, the promoter hypomethylation detected and confirmed in our study might be revealed as an indirect marker of high LTB4R/LTB4R2 expression using a simple methylation-sensitive PCR test. Analysis of RNA-seq expression and DNA methylation data from the TCGA dataset demonstrates that the expression of the LTB4R and LTB4R2 genes significantly negatively correlates with DNA methylation at both CpG sites cg12853742 (R = -0.4, p = 2.6 × 10-6; R = -0.21, p = 0.015) and cg21886367 (R = -0.45, p = 7.3 × 10-8; R = -0.24, p = 0.005), suggesting the upregulation of these genes in tumors with abnormal hypomethylation of their CpG island. Kaplan-Meier analysis using the TCGA-BRCA gene expression and clinical data revealed poorer overall survival for TNBC patients with an upregulated LTB4R. To this day, only the leukotriene inhibitor LY255283 has been tested on an MCF-7/DOX cell line, which is a luminal A breast cancer molecular subtype. Other studies compare the effects of Montelukast and Zafirlukast (inhibitors of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor, which is different from LTB4R/LTB4R2) on the MDA-MB-231 (TNBC) cell line, with high methylation and low expression levels of LTB4R. In our study, we assess the therapeutic effects of various drugs (including leukotriene receptor inhibitors) with the DepMap gene effect and drug sensitivity data for TNBC cell lines with hypomethylated and upregulated LTB4R/LTB4R2 genes. LY255283, Minocycline, Silibinin, Piceatannol, Mitiglinide, 1-Azakenpaullone, Carbetocin, and Pim-1-inhibitor-2 can be considered as candidates for the additional treatment of TNBC patients with tumors demonstrating LTB4R/LTB4R2 hypomethylation/upregulation. Finally, our results suggest that the epigenetic status of leukotriene B4 receptors is a novel, potential, predictive, and prognostic biomarker for TNBC. These findings might improve individualized therapy for TNBC patients by introducing new therapeutic adjuncts as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey I. Kalinkin
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (V.O.S.); (E.B.K.); (E.O.I.); (D.V.Z.); (M.V.N.); (S.I.K.); (A.S.T.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Vladimir O. Sigin
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (V.O.S.); (E.B.K.); (E.O.I.); (D.V.Z.); (M.V.N.); (S.I.K.); (A.S.T.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Ekaterina B. Kuznetsova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (V.O.S.); (E.B.K.); (E.O.I.); (D.V.Z.); (M.V.N.); (S.I.K.); (A.S.T.); (V.V.S.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina O. Ignatova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (V.O.S.); (E.B.K.); (E.O.I.); (D.V.Z.); (M.V.N.); (S.I.K.); (A.S.T.); (V.V.S.)
- Nikolay Nikolaevich Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya I. Vinogradov
- Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary, 390011 Ryazan, Russia;
- Department of Histology, Pathological Anatomy and Medical Genetics, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia; (M.I.V.); (I.Y.V.)
| | - Maxim I. Vinogradov
- Department of Histology, Pathological Anatomy and Medical Genetics, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia; (M.I.V.); (I.Y.V.)
| | - Igor Y. Vinogradov
- Department of Histology, Pathological Anatomy and Medical Genetics, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia; (M.I.V.); (I.Y.V.)
| | - Dmitry V. Zaletaev
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (V.O.S.); (E.B.K.); (E.O.I.); (D.V.Z.); (M.V.N.); (S.I.K.); (A.S.T.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Marina V. Nemtsova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (V.O.S.); (E.B.K.); (E.O.I.); (D.V.Z.); (M.V.N.); (S.I.K.); (A.S.T.); (V.V.S.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey I. Kutsev
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (V.O.S.); (E.B.K.); (E.O.I.); (D.V.Z.); (M.V.N.); (S.I.K.); (A.S.T.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Alexander S. Tanas
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (V.O.S.); (E.B.K.); (E.O.I.); (D.V.Z.); (M.V.N.); (S.I.K.); (A.S.T.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Vladimir V. Strelnikov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (V.O.S.); (E.B.K.); (E.O.I.); (D.V.Z.); (M.V.N.); (S.I.K.); (A.S.T.); (V.V.S.)
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