1
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Ramanathan S, Brilot F, Irani SR, Dale RC. Origins and immunopathogenesis of autoimmune central nervous system disorders. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:172-190. [PMID: 36788293 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The field of autoimmune neurology is rapidly evolving, and recent discoveries have advanced our understanding of disease aetiologies. In this article, we review the key pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of CNS autoimmunity. First, we review non-modifiable risk factors, such as age, sex and ethnicity, as well as genetic factors such as monogenic variants, common variants in vulnerability genes and emerging HLA associations. Second, we highlight how interactions between environmental factors and epigenetics can modify disease onset and severity. Third, we review possible disease mechanisms underlying triggers that are associated with the loss of immune tolerance with consequent recognition of self-antigens; these triggers include infections, tumours and immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapies. Fourth, we outline how advances in our understanding of the anatomy of lymphatic drainage and neuroimmune interfaces are challenging long-held notions of CNS immune privilege, with direct relevance to CNS autoimmunity, and how disruption of B cell and T cell tolerance and the passage of immune cells between the peripheral and intrathecal compartments have key roles in initiating disease activity. Last, we consider novel therapeutic approaches based on our knowledge of the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshini Ramanathan
- Translational Neuroimmunology Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fabienne Brilot
- Translational Neuroimmunology Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarosh R Irani
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Russell C Dale
- Translational Neuroimmunology Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health and Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- TY Nelson Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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2
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Hatmal MM, Al-Hatamleh MAI, Olaimat AN, Alshaer W, Hasan H, Albakri KA, Alkhafaji E, Issa NN, Al-Holy MA, Abderrahman SM, Abdallah AM, Mohamud R. Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Breast Milk: MicroRNA Contents and Potential Epigenetic Effects. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061219. [PMID: 35740242 PMCID: PMC9219990 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants who are exclusively breastfed in the first six months of age receive adequate nutrients, achieving optimal immune protection and growth. In addition to the known nutritional components of human breast milk (HBM), i.e., water, carbohydrates, fats and proteins, it is also a rich source of microRNAs, which impact epigenetic mechanisms. This comprehensive work presents an up-to-date overview of the immunomodulatory constituents of HBM, highlighting its content of circulating microRNAs. The epigenetic effects of HBM are discussed, especially those regulated by miRNAs. HBM contains more than 1400 microRNAs. The majority of these microRNAs originate from the lactating gland and are based on the remodeling of cells in the gland during breastfeeding. These miRNAs can affect epigenetic patterns by several mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and RNA regulation, which could ultimately result in alterations in gene expressions. Therefore, the unique microRNA profile of HBM, including exosomal microRNAs, is implicated in the regulation of the genes responsible for a variety of immunological and physiological functions, such as FTO, INS, IGF1, NRF2, GLUT1 and FOXP3 genes. Hence, studying the HBM miRNA composition is important for improving the nutritional approaches for pregnancy and infant's early life and preventing diseases that could occur in the future. Interestingly, the composition of miRNAs in HBM is affected by multiple factors, including diet, environmental and genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma’mon M. Hatmal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
- Correspondence: (M.M.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Mohammad A. I. Al-Hatamleh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Amin N. Olaimat
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (A.N.O.); (M.A.A.-H.)
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center (CTC), The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Hanan Hasan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Khaled A. Albakri
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Enas Alkhafaji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Nada N. Issa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Murad A. Al-Holy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (A.N.O.); (M.A.A.-H.)
| | - Salim M. Abderrahman
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Atiyeh M. Abdallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (M.M.H.); (R.M.)
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3
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McCombe PA. The role of sex and pregnancy in multiple sclerosis: what do we know and what should we do? Expert Rev Neurother 2022; 22:377-392. [PMID: 35354378 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2022.2060079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) is more prevalent in women than in men. The sex of the patient, and pregnancy, are reported to be associated with the clinical features of MS. The mechanism of this is unclear. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes data about sex differences in MS and the role of pregnancy. Possible mechanisms for the effects of sex and pregnancy are summarized, and practical suggestions for addressing these issues are provided. EXPERT OPINION There is considerable interdependence of the variables that are associated with MS. Men have a worse outcome of MS, and this could be due to the same factors that lead to greater incidence of neurodegenerative disease in men. The possible role of parity on the long-term outcome of MS is of interest. Future studies that look at the mechanisms of the effects of the sex of the patient on the outcome of MS are required. However, there are some actions that can be taken without further research. We can concentrate on public health measures that address the modifiable risk factors for MS and ensure that disease is controlled in women who intend to become pregnant and use appropriate disease modifying agents during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A McCombe
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia
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4
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Han L, Kaushal A, Zhang H, Kadalayil L, Duan J, Holloway JW, Karmaus W, Banerjee P, Tsai SF, Wen HJ, Arshad SH, Wang SL. DNA Methylation at Birth is Associated with Childhood Serum Immunoglobulin E Levels. Epigenet Insights 2021; 14:25168657211008108. [PMID: 33870089 PMCID: PMC8024453 DOI: 10.1177/25168657211008108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is known to play an important role in allergic diseases. Epigenetic traits acquired due to modification of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation (DNAm) in early life may have phenotypic consequences through their role in transcriptional regulation with relevance to the developmental origins of diseases including allergy. However, epigenome-scale studies on the longitudinal association of cord blood DNAm with IgE over time are lacking. Our study aimed to examine the association of DNAm at birth with childhood serum IgE levels during early life. Genome-scale DNAm and total serum IgE measured at birth, 5, 8, and 11 years of children in the Taiwan Maternal and Infant Cohort Study were included in the study in the discovery stage. Linear mixed models were implemented to assess the association between cord blood DNAm at ~310K 5′-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3′ (CpG) sites with repeated IgE measurements, adjusting for cord blood IgE. Identified statistically significant CpGs (at a false discovery rate, FDR, of 0.05) were further tested in an independent replication cohort, the Isle of Wight (IoW) birth cohort. We mapped replicated CpGs to genes and conducted gene ontology analysis using ToppFun to identify significantly enriched pathways and biological processes of the genes. Cord blood DNAm of 273 CpG sites were significantly (FDR = 0.05) associated with IgE levels longitudinally. Among the identified CpGs available in both cohorts (184 CpGs), 92 CpGs (50%) were replicated in the IoW in terms of consistency in direction of associations between DNA methylation and IgE levels later in life, and 16 of the 92 CpGs showed statistically significant associations (P < .05). Gene ontology analysis identified 4 pathways (FDR = 0.05). The identified 16 CpG sites had the potential to serve as epigenetic markers associated with later IgE production, beneficial to allergic disease prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhang Han
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Hongmei Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Latha Kadalayil
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jiasong Duan
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Wilfried Karmaus
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Pratik Banerjee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Shih-Fen Tsai
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli
| | - Hui-Ju Wen
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli
| | - Syed Hasan Arshad
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Newport, Isle of Wight, UK
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli.,School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei.,Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung
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Choi HW, Kwon YJ, Park JH, Lee SY, Chun S, Won EJ, Lee JH, Choi HJ, Kim SH, Shin MG, Shin JH, Kee SJ. Evaluation of a Fully Automated Antinuclear Antibody Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay in Routine Use. Front Immunol 2020; 11:607541. [PMID: 33343581 PMCID: PMC7746920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.607541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using HEp-2 cells as a substrate is the gold standard for detecting antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in patient serum. However, the ANA IFA has labor-intensive nature of the procedure and lacks adequate standardization. To overcome these drawbacks, the automation has been developed and implemented to the clinical laboratory. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the analytical performance of a fully automated Helios ANA IFA analyzer in a real-life laboratory setting, and to compare the time and the cost of ANA IFA testing before and after adopting the Helios system. A total of 3,276 consecutive serum samples were analyzed for ANA using the Helios system from May to August 2019. The positive/negative results, staining patterns, and endpoint titers were compared between Helios and visual readings. Furthermore, the turnaround time and the number of wells used were compared before and after the introduction of Helios system. Of the 3,276 samples tested, 748 were positive and 2,528 were negative based on visual readings. Using visual reading as the reference standard, the overall relative sensitivity, relative specificity, and concordance of Helios reading were 73.3, 99.4, and 93.4% (κ = 0.80), respectively. For pattern recognition, the overall agreement was 70.1% (298/425) for single patterns, and 72.4% (89/123) for mixed patterns. For titration, there was an agreement of 75.9% (211/278) between automated and classical endpoint titers by regarding within ± one titer difference as acceptable. Helios significantly shortened the median turnaround time from 100.6 to 55.7 h (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, routine use of the system reduced the average number of wells used per test from 4 to 1.5. Helios shows good agreement in distinguishing between positive and negative results. However, it still has limitations in positive/negative discrimination, pattern recognition, and endpoint titer prediction, requiring additional validation of results by human observers. Helios provides significant advantages in routine laboratory ANA IFA work in terms of labor, time, and cost savings. We hope that upgrading and developing softwares with more reliable capabilities will allow automated ANA IFA analyzers to be fully integrated into the routine operations of the clinical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woo Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Bitgoeul Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yong Jun Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ju-Heon Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yeob Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sejong Chun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Won
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea.,Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Myung-Geun Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
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6
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Harsanyi S, Zamborsky R, Krajciova L, Kokavec M, Danisovic L. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A Review of Etiopathogenesis, Risk Factors, and Genetic Aspects. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2020; 56:medicina56040153. [PMID: 32244273 PMCID: PMC7230892 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most frequent skeletal anomalies, developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is characterized by a considerable range of pathology, from minor laxity of ligaments in the hip joint to complete luxation. Multifactorial etiology, of which the candidate genes have been studied the most, poses a challenge in understanding this disorder. Candidate gene association studies (CGASs) along with genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and genome-wide linkage analyses (GWLAs) have found numerous genes and loci with susceptible DDH association. Studies put major importance on candidate genes associated with the formation of connective tissue (COL1A1), osteogenesis (PAPPA2, GDF5), chondrogenesis (UQCC1, ASPN) and cell growth, proliferation and differentiation (TGFB1). Recent studies show that epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation affect gene expression and therefore could play an important role in DDH pathogenesis. This paper reviews all existing risk factors affecting DDH incidence, along with candidate genes associated with genetic or epigenetic etiology of DDH in various studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Harsanyi
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811-08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (L.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-59357-299
| | - Radoslav Zamborsky
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Institute of Children’s Diseases, 833-40 Bratislava, Slovakia; (R.Z.); (M.K.)
| | - Lubica Krajciova
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811-08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (L.D.)
| | - Milan Kokavec
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Institute of Children’s Diseases, 833-40 Bratislava, Slovakia; (R.Z.); (M.K.)
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811-08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (L.D.)
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Baghdadi T, Nejadhosseinian M, Shirkoohi R, Mostafavi Tabatabaee R, Tamehri SS, Saffari M, Mortazavi SMJ. DNA hypermethylation of GDF5 in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e887. [PMID: 31338995 PMCID: PMC6732267 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction & Objective Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) is one of the most common congenital skeletal anomalies. Body of evidence suggests that genetic variations in GDF5 are associated with susceptibility to DDH. DDH is a multifactorial disease and its etiology has not been entirely determined. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation could be linked to DDH. In this scheme, we hypothesized that changes in GDF5 DNA methylation could predispose a susceptible individual to DDH. Methods This study consisted of 45 DDH patients and 45 controls with healthy femoral neck cartilage, who underwent hemi‐, or total arthroplasty for the femoral neck fracture. A cartilage sample of 1 cm in diameter and 1 mm in the thickness was obtained for DNA extraction. DNA was extracted and DNA methylation of GDF5 was evaluated by metabisulfite method. Results Methylation analysis showed that the promoter of GDF5 in cartilage samples from DDH patients was hypermethylated in comparison to healthy controls (p = .001). Conclusion Our study showed that the methylation status of the GDF5 in patients with DDH is dysregulated. This dysregulation indicates that adjustment in the methylation might modify the expression of this gene. Since this gene plays an essential role in cartilage and bone development, thus reducing its expression can contribute to the pathogenesis of DDH. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of GDF5 in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghi Baghdadi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.,Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Nejadhosseinian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.,Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Reza Shirkoohi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Reza Mostafavi Tabatabaee
- Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Seyed S Tamehri
- Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.,School of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mojtaba Saffari
- Department of medical genetics, School of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - S M Javad Mortazavi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.,Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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8
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Kassab SE, Mowafy S, Alserw AM, Seliem JA, El-Naggar SM, Omar NN, Awad MM. Structure-based design generated novel hydroxamic acid based preferential HDAC6 lead inhibitor with on-target cytotoxic activity against primary choroid plexus carcinoma. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1062-1077. [PMID: 31072216 PMCID: PMC6522981 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1613987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is an attractive target for cancer therapeutic intervention. Selective HDAC6 inhibitors is important to minimise the side effects of pan inhibition. Thus, new class of hydroxamic acid-based derivatives were designed on structural basis to perform preferential activity against HDAC6 targeting solid tumours. Interestingly, 1-benzylbenzimidazole-2-thio-N-hydroxybutanamide 10a showed impressive preference with submicromolar potency against HDAC6 (IC50 = 510 nM). 10a showed cytotoxic activity with interesting profile against CCHE-45 at (IC50 = 112.76 µM) when compared to standard inhibitor Tubacin (IC50 = 20 µM). Western blot analysis of acetylated-α-tubulin verified the HDAC6 inhibiting activity of 10a. Moreover, the insignificant difference in acetylated-α-tubulin induced by 10a and Tubacin implied the on-target cytotoxic activity of 10a. Docking of 10a in the binding site of HDAC6 attributed the activity of 10a to π-π stacking with the amino acids of the hydrophobic channel of HDAC6 and capture of zinc metal in bidentate fashion. The therapeutic usefulness besides the on-target activity may define 10a as an interesting safe-lead inhibitor for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa E Kassab
- a Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faulty of Pharmacy , Damanhour University , Damanhour , Egypt
| | - Samar Mowafy
- b Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Misr International University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Aya M Alserw
- c Basic Research Unit, Department of Research , Children's Cancer Hospital in Egypt , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Joustin A Seliem
- c Basic Research Unit, Department of Research , Children's Cancer Hospital in Egypt , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Shahenda M El-Naggar
- c Basic Research Unit, Department of Research , Children's Cancer Hospital in Egypt , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Nesreen N Omar
- d Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Modern University for Technology and Information , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Awad
- e Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt.,f Canadian Academy of Research and Development (CARD) , Mississauga , ON , Canada
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9
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Mazzone R, Zwergel C, Artico M, Taurone S, Ralli M, Greco A, Mai A. The emerging role of epigenetics in human autoimmune disorders. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:34. [PMID: 30808407 PMCID: PMC6390373 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic pathways play a pivotal role in the development and function of the immune system. Over the last decade, a growing body of studies has been published out seeking to explain a correlation between epigenetic modifications and the development of autoimmune disorders. Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs, are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases mainly by regulating gene expression. This paper reviews the importance of epigenetic alterations during the development of the most prevalent human autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), Sjogren’s syndrome (SS), autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), and type 1 diabetes (T1D), aiming to provide new insights in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and the possibility to develop novel therapeutic approaches targeting the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Mazzone
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Artico
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Samanta Taurone
- IRCCS G.B. Bietti Foundation, Via Livenza, 3, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy. .,Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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10
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Stancic S. From Infectious Diseases to Lifestyle Medicine: My Personal Journey. Am J Lifestyle Med 2018; 12:428-431. [PMID: 30283268 DOI: 10.1177/1559827618766472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saray Stancic
- Stancic Health and Wellness, LLC, Ramsey, New Jersey
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11
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Kovacs L, Kovacs-Kasa A, Verin AD, Fulton D, Lucas R, Su Y. Histone deacetylases in vascular permeability and remodeling associated with acute lung injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 2. [PMID: 32099966 DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2018.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe progressive disorder that arises from a wide range of causes such as toxins or inflammation, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. There are no effective therapeutic options apart from mechanical ventilation strategies. While the mechanisms that govern the clinically relevant process of increased EC permeability and remodeling associated with ALI are under intense investigation, our knowledge of the processes that determine barrier enhancement or preservation are far from completion. Recently, epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as a major regulator of enduring changes in cell behavior and the therapeutic potential of inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs) for the treatment of cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases has gained remarkable attention. Although HDACs have been shown to play an important role in regulating EC barrier function, the involved HDAC subtypes and mechanisms remain undefined. Further investigation of the HDAC signaling may provide therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Kovacs
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | | | - Alexander D Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - David Fulton
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia 30912
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12
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Jia W, Wu W, Yang D, Xiao C, Su Z, Huang Z, Li Z, Qin M, Huang M, Liu S, Long F, Mao J, Liu X, Zhu YZ. Histone demethylase JMJD3 regulates fibroblast-like synoviocyte-mediated proliferation and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. FASEB J 2018; 32:4031-4042. [PMID: 29481307 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701483r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated disease with the characteristics of progressive joint destruction, deformity, and disability. Epigenetic changes have been implicated in the development of some autoimmune disorders, resulting in an alteration of gene transcription. Here, we investigated how Jumonji C family of histone demethylases (JMJD3) regulated the proliferation and activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), which are involved in RA joint destruction and pathologic process. The JMJD3 expression and proliferation markers in RA-FLS were higher than those in healthy-FLS and were upregulated in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced FLS. Elevated JMJD3 promoted the proliferation and migration of FLS. Treatment with JMJD3 small interfering RNA or inhibitor glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) J4 led to decreased proliferation and migration of FLS. Interestingly, induction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a major player of the cell-cycle regulation, was correlated with trimethylated lysine 27 in histone H3 loss around the gene promoters. The knockdown of JMJD3 abolished PCNA expression in PDGF-induced FLS and further inhibited cell proliferation and migration, suggesting that JMJD3/PCNA played a crucial role in aspects of FLS proliferation and migration. In vivo, the ability of GSK J4 to hinder collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice was evaluated. We found that GSK J4 markedly attenuated the severity of arthritis in CIA mice. The therapeutic effects were associated with ameliorated joint swelling and reduced bone erosion and destruction. This study revealed how JMJD3 integrated with epigenetic processes to regulate RA-FLS proliferation and invasion. These data suggested that JMJD3 might contribute to rheumatoid synovial hyperplasia and have the potential as a novel therapeutic target for RA.-Jia, W., Wu, W., Yang, D., Xiao, C., Su, Z., Huang, Z., Li, Z., Qin, M., Huang, M., Liu, S., Long, F., Mao, J., Liu, X., Zhu, Y. Z. Histone demethylase JMJD3 regulates fibroblast-like synoviocyte-mediated proliferation and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Weijun Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxi Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghua Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Institute of Arthritis Research, Shanghai Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital/Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ming Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengwei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianchun Mao
- Department of Rheumatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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13
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Structure-Activity Relationship of Propargylamine-Based HDAC Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:2044-2053. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Ramírez Sepúlveda JI, Kvarnström M, Brauner S, Baldini C, Wahren-Herlenius M. Difference in clinical presentation between women and men in incident primary Sjögren's syndrome. Biol Sex Differ 2017; 8:16. [PMID: 28507729 PMCID: PMC5427625 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-017-0137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A more severe disease phenotype has been reported in men compared to women in several rheumatic diseases. However, studies have not conclusively established sex-related clinical features in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). In this study, we therefore investigated the clinical presentation of pSS in women and men at diagnosis. METHODS Incident, treatment naïve patients (n = 199) during a 5-year period in a specified area were prospectively included and examined for items of classification criteria for pSS as well as extraglandular manifestations (EGM). Serum was sampled at the time of diagnosis and anti-Ro52/SSA levels were measured by ELISA. Replication of significant findings was confirmed in an independent cohort of pSS patients (n = 377), and meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS An increased frequency of extraglandular manifestations in men was observed and replicated (p = 0.05, p = 0.0003, and pmeta = 0.002). This related to pulmonary involvement, vasculitis, and lymphadenopathy being more common in men, for whom a lower age at diagnosis was observed in the exploratory cohort. Additionally, SSA-positive male patients had significantly higher levels of anti-Ro52 levels than their female counterparts in sera available for analysis (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis of two independent cohorts of incident pSS demonstrates that the presence and number of EGM are significantly more frequent among men with pSS than women at diagnosis. Importantly, around half of the male patients presented with more than one EGM at diagnosis, supporting the conclusion that pSS in men represents a more severe form of disease, regardless of the lower risk for men to develop pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge I Ramírez Sepúlveda
- Unit of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marika Kvarnström
- Unit of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Brauner
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Marie Wahren-Herlenius
- Unit of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Moosavi A, Ardekani AM. Role of Epigenetics in Biology and Human Diseases. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 20:246-58. [PMID: 27377127 PMCID: PMC5075137 DOI: 10.22045/ibj.2016.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For a long time, scientists have tried to describe disorders just by genetic or environmental factors. However, the role of epigenetics in human diseases has been considered from a half of century ago. In the last decade, this subject has attracted many interests, especially in complicated disorders such as behavior plasticity, memory, cancer, autoimmune disease, and addiction as well as neurodegenerative and psychological disorders. This review first explains the history and classification of epigenetic modifications, and then the role of epigenetic in biology and connection between the epigenetics and environment are explained. Furthermore, the role of epigenetics in human diseases is considered by focusing on some diseases with some complicated features, and at the end, we have given the future perspective of this field. The present review article provides concepts with some examples to reveal a broad view of different aspects of epigenetics in biology and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Moosavi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
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16
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The emergence of neuroepidemiology, neurovirology and neuroimmunology: the legacies of John F. Kurtzke and Richard ‘Dick’ T. Johnson. J Neurol 2016; 264:817-828. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Wang Z, Yin H, Lau CS, Lu Q. Histone Posttranslational Modifications of CD4⁺ T Cell in Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101547. [PMID: 27669210 PMCID: PMC5085618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of immune system is tempered by precise regulation to maintain stabilization when exposed to various conditions. A subtle change in gene expression may be magnified when drastic changes are brought about in cellular development and function. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) timely alter the functional activity of immune system, and work proceeded in these years has begun to throw light upon it. Posttranslational modifications of histone tails have been mentioned in a large scale of biological developments and disease progression, thereby making them a central field to investigate. Conventional assessments of these changes are centered on the transcription factors and cytokines in T cells regulated by variable histone codes to achieve chromatin remodeling, as well as involved in many human diseases, especially autoimmune diseases. We here put forward an essential review of core posttranslational modulations that regulate T cell function and differentiation in the immune system, with a special emphasis on histone modifications in different T helper cell subsets as well as in autoimmune diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/metabolism
- Autoimmune Diseases/pathology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/immunology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/pathology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/metabolism
- Multiple Sclerosis/pathology
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Scleroderma, Systemic/immunology
- Scleroderma, Systemic/metabolism
- Scleroderma, Systemic/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Heng Yin
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Chak Sing Lau
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
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18
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Mahmoudi M, Aslani S, Nicknam MH, Karami J, Jamshidi AR. New insights toward the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis; genetic variations and epigenetic modifications. Mod Rheumatol 2016; 27:198-209. [PMID: 27425039 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2016.1206174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, characterized by typically an axial arthritis. AS is the prototype of a group of disorders called spondyloarthropathies, which is believed to have common clinical manifestations and genetic predisposition. To date, the exact etiology of AS remains unclear. Over the past few years, however, the role of genetic susceptibility and epigenetic modifications caused through environmental factors have been extensively surveyed with respect to the pathogenesis of AS, resulted in important advances. This review article focuses on the recent advances in the field of AS research, including HLA and non-HLA susceptibility genes identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and aberrant epigenetic modifications of gene loci associated with AS. HLA genes most significantly linked with AS susceptibility include HLA-B27 and its subtypes. Numerous non-HLA genes such as those in ubiquitination, aminopeptidases and MHC class I presentation molecules like ERAP-1 were also reported. Moreover, epigenetic modifications occurred in AS has been summarized. Taken together, the findings presented in this review attempt to explain the circumstance by which both genetic variations and epigenetic modifications are involved in triggering and development of AS. Nonetheless, several unanswered dark sides continue to clog our exhaustive understanding of AS. Future researches in the field of epigenetics should be carried out to extend our vision of AS etiopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Mahmoudi
- a Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran and
| | - Saeed Aslani
- a Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran and
| | | | - Jafar Karami
- a Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran and
| | - Ahmad Reza Jamshidi
- a Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran and
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19
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Popp NA, Agrón E, Hageman GS, Tuo J, Chew EY, Chan CC. No Sex Differences in the Frequencies of Common Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:470-475. [PMID: 27420564 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1196708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since some studies have reported differences in the association of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with biological sex, we set out to determine whether the difference in the disease susceptibility is afforded by common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with AMD. METHODS We genotyped 2067 Caucasian subjects from the Age-Related Eye Disease Study cohort for commonly associated AMD SNPs, including those in CFH (rs1061170, rs1410996, and rs3766404), ARMS2 (rs10490924), and C3 (rs2230199) using either a Sequenom MassARRAY MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer or using Taqman genotyping reagents. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the effect of genotype, age, sex, and smoking status on the development of AMD. RESULTS All tested SNPs genotyped are associated strongly with AMD (p < 0.0001), in concordance with previous studies. However, we found no observable differences in any of the SNPs studied when categorized by sex. Interactions between SNPs and sex were found to be not statistically significant (p = 0.38-0.79). CONCLUSIONS The difference between male and female incidence of AMD is not explained by the most commonly AMD-associated SNPs, though it does not exclude the possibility that other, less common SNPs contribute to this difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Popp
- a Immunopathology Section, Laboratory of Immunology , National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Elvira Agrón
- b Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications , National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Gregory S Hageman
- c Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Utah, John A. Moran Eye Center , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA.,d Center for Translational Medicine, University of Utah , John A. Moran Eye Center , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA
| | - Jingsheng Tuo
- a Immunopathology Section, Laboratory of Immunology , National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Emily Y Chew
- b Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications , National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Chi-Chao Chan
- a Immunopathology Section, Laboratory of Immunology , National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
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20
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Aslani S, Mahmoudi M, Karami J, Jamshidi AR, Malekshahi Z, Nicknam MH. Epigenetic alterations underlying autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity 2016; 49:69-83. [DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2015.1134511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Computational Modelling Approaches on Epigenetic Factors in Neurodegenerative and Autoimmune Diseases and Their Mechanistic Analysis. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:737168. [PMID: 26636108 PMCID: PMC4655260 DOI: 10.1155/2015/737168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative as well as autoimmune diseases have unclear aetiologies, but an increasing number of evidences report for a combination of genetic and epigenetic alterations that predispose for the development of disease. This review examines the major milestones in epigenetics research in the context of diseases and various computational approaches developed in the last decades to unravel new epigenetic modifications. However, there are limited studies that systematically link genetic and epigenetic alterations of DNA to the aetiology of diseases. In this work, we demonstrate how disease-related epigenetic knowledge can be systematically captured and integrated with heterogeneous information into a functional context using Biological Expression Language (BEL). This novel methodology, based on BEL, enables us to integrate epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation or acetylation of histones into a specific disease network. As an example, we depict the integration of epigenetic and genetic factors in a functional context specific to Parkinson's disease (PD) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
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22
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Kokcu A. A current view of the role of epigenetic changes in the aetiopathogenesis of endometriosis. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2015; 36:153-9. [PMID: 26467001 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2015.1036403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine the role of epigenetic changes in the aetiopathogenesis of endometriosis. The analysis and review of the relevant current literature in English language related to the role of epigenetic changes in the aetiopathogenesis of endometriosis. Epigenetic changes are common denominators for hormonal, immunological and inflammatory aberrations which play a key role in the aetiopathogenesis of endometriosis. Many internal and external factors may cause the different running of the epigenetic mechanism. As yet fully unknown genetic factors may increase the sensitivity of the epigenetic mechanism to various internal and external factors. The breakdown of epigenetic regulation is the main factor initiating the pathogenetic mechanisms for endometriosis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kokcu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis , Samsun , Turkey
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23
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The higher frequency of IgA deficiency among Swedish twins is not explained by HLA haplotypes. Genes Immun 2015; 16:199-205. [PMID: 25569265 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations were determined in 12 600 adult Swedish twins, applying a high-throughput reverse-phase protein microarray technique. The prevalence of IgA deficiency (IgAD) was found to be 1:241 in monozygotic (MZ) twins and 1:198 in dizygotic (DZ) twins. Hence, the prevalence in twins is markedly elevated as compared with the normal Swedish adult population (1:600). The twins did not show a difference in the frequency of HLA haplotypes in comparison with almost 40 000 healthy Swedish controls. As expected, the risk-conveying HLA alleles A*01, B*08 and DRB1*01 were overrepresented among the IgAD twins and were also associated with significantly lower mean serum IgA concentrations in the twin cohort. In contrast, significantly higher mean IgA concentrations were found among individuals carrying the protective HLA alleles B*07 and DRB1*15. Exome sequencing data from two MZ twin pairs discordant for the deficiency showed no differences between the siblings. Model fitting analyses derived a heritability of 35% and indicate that genetic influences are modestly important for IgAD. The probandwise concordance rates for IgAD were found to be 31% for MZ and 13% for DZ twins.
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24
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Benedetti G, Miossec P. Interleukin 17 contributes to the chronicity of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:339-47. [PMID: 24310226 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease leading to joint destruction and bone resorption. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 17 (IL-17), primarily produced by Th17 cells, has been shown to be involved in all stages of the disease and to be an important contributor of RA chronicity. Three major processes drive the IL-17-mediated chronicity. Several epigenetic events, enhanced in RA patients, lead to the increased production of IL-17 by Th17 cells. IL-17 then induces the production of several inflammatory mediators in the diseased synovium, which are further synergistically enhanced via combinations of IL-17 with other cytokines. IL-17 also promotes the survival of both the synoviocytes and inflammatory cells and promotes the maturation of these immune cells. This leads to an increased number of synoviocytes and inflammatory cells in the synovial fluid and in the synovium leading to the hyperplasia and exacerbated inflammation observed in joints of RA patients. Furthermore, these IL-17-driven events initiate several feedback-loop mechanisms leading to increased expansion of Th17 cells and thereby increased production of IL-17. In this review, we aim to depict a complete picture of the IL-17-driven vicious circle leading to RA chronicity and to pinpoint the key aspects that require further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Benedetti
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit, University of Lyon 1, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
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25
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Altorok N, Almeshal N, Wang Y, Kahaleh B. Epigenetics, the holy grail in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 54:1759-70. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Grignolio A, Mishto M, Faria AMC, Garagnani P, Franceschi C, Tieri P. Towards a liquid self: how time, geography, and life experiences reshape the biological identity. Front Immunol 2014; 5:153. [PMID: 24782860 PMCID: PMC3988364 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The conceptualization of immunological self is amongst the most important theories of modern biology, representing a sort of theoretical guideline for experimental immunologists, in order to understand how host constituents are ignored by the immune system (IS). A consistent advancement in this field has been represented by the danger/damage theory and its subsequent refinements, which at present represents the most comprehensive conceptualization of immunological self. Here, we present the new hypothesis of "liquid self," which integrates and extends the danger/damage theory. The main novelty of the liquid self hypothesis lies in the full integration of the immune response mechanisms into the host body's ecosystems, i.e., in adding the temporal, as well as the geographical/evolutionary and environmental, dimensions, which we suggested to call "immunological biography." Our hypothesis takes into account the important biological changes occurring with time (age) in the IS (including immunosenescence and inflammaging), as well as changes in the organismal context related to nutrition, lifestyle, and geography (populations). We argue that such temporal and geographical dimensions impinge upon, and continuously reshape, the antigenicity of physical entities (molecules, cells, bacteria, viruses), making them switching between "self" and "non-self" states in a dynamical, "liquid" fashion. Particular attention is devoted to oral tolerance and gut microbiota, as well as to a new potential source of unexpected self epitopes produced by proteasome splicing. Finally, our framework allows the set up of a variety of testable predictions, the most straightforward suggesting that the immune responses to defined molecules representing potentials antigens will be quantitatively and qualitatively quite different according to the immuno-biographical background of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Grignolio
- Interdepartmental Center "Luigi Galvani" for Bioinformatics, Biophysics and Biocomplexity, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Michele Mishto
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sul Cancro "G. Prodi", University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy ; Institut für Biochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Interdepartmental Center "Luigi Galvani" for Bioinformatics, Biophysics and Biocomplexity, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy ; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy ; IRCCS of Neurological Science , Bologna , Italy ; Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council , Bologna , Italy
| | - Paolo Tieri
- Institute for Applied Mathematics "M. Picone", National Research Council , Rome , Italy
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Nestor CE, Barrenäs F, Wang H, Lentini A, Zhang H, Bruhn S, Jörnsten R, Langston MA, Rogers G, Gustafsson M, Benson M. DNA methylation changes separate allergic patients from healthy controls and may reflect altered CD4+ T-cell population structure. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004059. [PMID: 24391521 PMCID: PMC3879208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered DNA methylation patterns in CD4+ T-cells indicate the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in inflammatory diseases. However, the identification of these alterations is complicated by the heterogeneity of most inflammatory diseases. Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) is an optimal disease model for the study of DNA methylation because of its well-defined phenotype and etiology. We generated genome-wide DNA methylation (Npatients = 8, Ncontrols = 8) and gene expression (Npatients = 9, Ncontrols = 10) profiles of CD4+ T-cells from SAR patients and healthy controls using Illumina's HumanMethylation450 and HT-12 microarrays, respectively. DNA methylation profiles clearly and robustly distinguished SAR patients from controls, during and outside the pollen season. In agreement with previously published studies, gene expression profiles of the same samples failed to separate patients and controls. Separation by methylation (Npatients = 12, Ncontrols = 12), but not by gene expression (Npatients = 21, Ncontrols = 21) was also observed in an in vitro model system in which purified PBMCs from patients and healthy controls were challenged with allergen. We observed changes in the proportions of memory T-cell populations between patients (Npatients = 35) and controls (Ncontrols = 12), which could explain the observed difference in DNA methylation. Our data highlight the potential of epigenomics in the stratification of immune disease and represents the first successful molecular classification of SAR using CD4+ T cells. T-cells, a type of white blood cell, are an important part of the immune-system in humans. T-cells allow us to adapt our immune-response to the various infectious agents we encounter during life. However, T-cells can also cause disease when they target the body's own cells, e.g. Psoriasis, or when they react to a harmless particle or ‘antigen’, i.e. allergy. Much evidence supports an environmental, or ‘epigenetic’, component to allergy. Surprisingly, although allergy is viewed as a T-cell disease with an epigenetic component, no studies have identified epigenetic differences between healthy individuals and allergic individuals. Using a state-of-the-art genome-wide approach, we found that we could clearly and robustly separate allergic patients from healthy controls. It is often assumed that these changes reflect changes in DNA methylation in a given type of cell; however such differences can also result from different mixtures of T-cell subtypes in the samples. Indeed, we found that allergic patients had different proportions of T-cell sub-types compared to healthy controls. These changes in T-cell proportions may explain the difference in DNA methylation profile we observed between patients and controls. Our study is the first successful molecular classification of allergy using CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm E. Nestor
- The Centre for Individualized Medicine, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Fredrik Barrenäs
- The Centre for Individualized Medicine, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hui Wang
- The Centre for Individualized Medicine, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio Lentini
- The Centre for Individualized Medicine, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Huan Zhang
- The Centre for Individualized Medicine, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sören Bruhn
- The Centre for Individualized Medicine, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rebecka Jörnsten
- Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael A. Langston
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gary Rogers
- National Institute for Computational Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mika Gustafsson
- The Centre for Individualized Medicine, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mikael Benson
- The Centre for Individualized Medicine, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Deal CL, Rogol AD. 50 years ago in the Journal of Pediatrics: autoimmune disorders of endocrine glands. J Pediatr 2013; 163:1669. [PMID: 24274204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheri L Deal
- Chief, Endocrine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Environment and primary biliary cirrhosis: electrophilic drugs and the induction of AMA. J Autoimmun 2013; 41:79-86. [PMID: 23352659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmental stimulation is a major factor in the initiation and perpetuation of autoimmune diseases. We have addressed this issue and focused on primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), an autoimmune disease of the liver. Immunologically, PBC is distinguished by immune mediated destruction of the intra hepatic bile ducts and the presence of high titer antimitochondrial autoantibodies (AMA) directed against a highly specific epitope within the lipoic acid binding domain of the pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 subunit (PDC-E2). We submit that the uniqueness of AMA epitope specificity and the conformational changes of the PDC-E2 lipoyl domain during physiological acyl transfer could be the lynchpin to the etiology of PBC and postulate that chemical xenobiotics modification of the lipoyl domain of PDC-E2 is sufficient to break self-tolerance, with subsequent production of AMA in patients with PBC. Indeed, using quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analysis on a peptide-xenobiotic conjugate microarray platform, we have demonstrated that when the lipoyl domain of PDC-E2 was modified with specific synthetic small molecule lipoyl mimics, the ensuing structures displayed highly specific reactivity to PBC sera, at levels often higher than the native PDC-E2 molecule. Hereby, we discuss our recent QSAR analysis data on specific AMA reactivity against a focused panel of lipoic acid mimic in which the lipoyl di-sulfide bond are modified. Furthermore, data on the immunological characterization of antigen and Ig isotype specificities against one such lipoic acid mimic; 6,8-bis(acetylthio)octanoic acid (SAc), when compared with rPDC-E2, strongly support a xenobiotic etiology in PBC. This observation is of particular significance in that approximately one third of patients who have taken excessive acetaminophen (APAP) developed AMA with same specificity as patients with PBC, suggesting that the lipoic domain are a target of APAP electrophilic metabolites such as NAPQI. We submit that in genetically susceptible hosts, electrophilic modification of lipoic acid in PDC-E2 by acetaminophen or similar drugs can facilitate loss of tolerance and lead to the development of PBC.
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Hogenson TL. Epigenetics as the Underlying Mechanism for Monozygotic Twin Discordance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1159/000353688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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