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Deng Y, Tay HM, Zhou Y, Fei X, Tang X, Nishikawa M, Yatomi Y, Hou HW, Xiao TH, Goda K. Studying the efficacy of antiplatelet drugs on atherosclerosis by optofluidic imaging on a chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:410-420. [PMID: 36511820 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00895e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vascular stenosis caused by atherosclerosis instigates activation and aggregation of platelets, eventually resulting in thrombus formation. Although antiplatelet drugs are commonly used to inhibit platelet activation and aggregation, they unfortunately cannot prevent recurrent thrombotic events in patients with atherosclerosis. This is partially due to the limited understanding of the efficacy of antiplatelet drugs in the complex hemodynamic environment of vascular stenosis. Conventional methods for evaluating the efficacy of antiplatelet drugs under stenosis either fail to simulate the hemodynamic environment of vascular stenosis characterized by high shear stress and recirculatory flow or lack spatial resolution in their analytical techniques to statistically identify and characterize platelet aggregates. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a method comprising an in vitro 3D stenosis microfluidic chip and an optical time-stretch quantitative phase imaging system for studying the efficacy of antiplatelet drugs under stenosis. Our method simulates the atherogenic flow environment of vascular stenosis while enabling high-resolution and statistical analysis of platelet aggregates. Using our method, we distinguished the efficacy of three antiplatelet drugs, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), cangrelor, and eptifibatide, for inhibiting platelet aggregation induced by stenosis. Specifically, ASA failed to inhibit stenosis-induced platelet aggregation, while eptifibatide and cangrelor showed high and moderate efficacy, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the drugs tested also differed in their efficacy for inhibiting platelet aggregation synergistically induced by stenosis and agonists (e.g., adenosine diphosphate, and collagen). Taken together, our method is an effective tool for investigating the efficacy of antiplatelet drugs under vascular stenosis, which could assist the development of optimal pharmacologic strategies for patients with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Hui Min Tay
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Xueer Fei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Xuke Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Masako Nishikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Han Wei Hou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Ting-Hui Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei, 430072, China
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- CYBO, Tokyo 101-0022, Japan
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Alipour-Parsa S, Farahani E. Successful Treatment of a Left Main Thrombus by Intracoronary Eptifibatide Infusion in a 36-Year-Old Patient. J Tehran Heart Cent 2016; 11:143-148. [PMID: 27956914 PMCID: PMC5148817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute coronary syndrome due to the left main coronary artery (LMCA) thrombosis is a clinically rare and catastrophic event. We describe a young man (smoker, alcoholic, and drug abuser) with a history of recent surgery and typical chest pain who had non-occlusive LMCA thrombosis in coronary angiography. The thrombosis was successfully treated with two 180 µ/kg intracoronary boluses of eptifibatide, which was continued through an intravenous infusion at 2 µ/kg/min for 48 hours postprocedurally. Control angiography, performed 3 days later, revealed that the LMCA was free of thrombosis. The patient had no complaints, including chest pain, and remained completely asymptomatic during the next 30 days' follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elham Farahani
- Corresponding Author: Elham Farahani, Cardiovascular Research Center, Modarres Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Saadat-Abad Avenue, Tehran, Iran. 1997874411. Tel +98 21 22083106. Fax +98 21 22083106. .
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Ben Aharon I, Bar Joseph H, Tzabari M, Shenkman B, Farzam N, Levi M, Shalgi R, Stemmer SM, Savion N. Doxorubicin-induced vascular toxicity--targeting potential pathways may reduce procoagulant activity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75157. [PMID: 24073244 PMCID: PMC3779248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous study in mice using real-time intravital imaging revealed an acute deleterious effect of doxorubicin (DXR) on the gonadal vasculature, as a prototype of an end-organ, manifested by a reduction in blood flow and disintegration of the vessel wall. We hypothesized that this pattern may represent the formation of microthrombi. We aimed to further characterize the effect of DXR on platelets' activity and interaction with endothelial cells (EC) and to examine potential protectants to reduce DXR acute effect on the blood flow. METHODS The effect of DXR on platelet adhesion and aggregation were studied in vitro. For in vivo studies, mice were injected with either low molecular weight heparin (LMWH; Enoxaparin) or with eptifibatide (Integrilin(©)) prior to DXR treatment. Testicular arterial blood flow was examined in real-time by pulse wave Doppler ultrasound. RESULTS Platelet treatment with DXR did not affect platelet adhesion to a thrombogenic surface but significantly decreased ADP-induced platelet aggregation by up to 40% (p<0.001). However, there was a significant increase in GPIIbIIIa-mediated platelet adhesion to DXR-exposed endothelial cells (EC; 5.7-fold; p<0.001) reflecting the toxic effect of DXR on EC. The testicular arterial blood flow was preserved in mice pre-treated with LMWH or eptifibatide prior to DXR (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS DXR-induced acute vascular toxicity may involve increased platelet-EC adhesion leading to EC-bound microthrombi formation resulting in compromised blood flow. Anti-platelet/anti-coagulant agents are effective in reducing the detrimental effect of DXR on the vasculature and thus may serve as potential protectants to lessen this critical toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Ben Aharon
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Center and Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tiqva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Hadas Bar Joseph
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moran Tzabari
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Boris Shenkman
- Amalia Biron Research Institute of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Nahid Farzam
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute and Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mattan Levi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ruth Shalgi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Salomon M. Stemmer
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Center and Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tiqva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naphtali Savion
- Goldschleger Eye Research Institute and Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Majumdar S, Anderson ME, Xu CR, Yakovleva TV, Gu LC, Malefyt TR, Siahaan TJ. Methotrexate (MTX)-cIBR conjugate for targeting MTX to leukocytes: conjugate stability and in vivo efficacy in suppressing rheumatoid arthritis. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:3275-91. [PMID: 22539217 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis at low doses and leukemia at high doses; however, this drug can produce severe side effects. Our hypothesis is that MTX side effects can be attenuated by directing the drug to the target cells (i.e., leukocytes) using (cyclo(1,12)PenPRGGSVLVTGC) peptide (cIBR). To test this hypothesis, MTX was conjugated to the N-terminus of cIBR peptide to give MTX-cIBR conjugate. MTX-cIBR (5.0 mg/kg) suppressed joint arthritis in adjuvant arthritis rats and prevented periarticular inflammation and bone resorption of the limb joints. In vitro, the toxicity of MTX-cIBR peptide against Molt-3 T cells was inhibited by anti-lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) antibody and cIBR peptide in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that the uptake of MTX-cIBR was partially mediated by LFA-1. Chemical stability studies indicated that MTX-cIBR was most stable at pH 6.0. The MTX portion of MTX-cIBR was unstable under acidic conditions, whereas the cIBR portion was unstable under basic conditions. In biological media, MTX-cIBR had short half lives in rat plasma (44 min) and homogenized rat heart tissue (38 min). This low plasma stability may contribute to the low in vivo efficacy of MTX-cIBR; therefore, there is a need to design a more stable conjugate to improve the in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Majumdar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Simons Research Laboratories, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth G Mann
- Department of Biochemistry, Colchester Research Facility Room 235, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA.
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