Family History, Consanguinity and Other Risk Factors Affecting the Prevalence of Prediabetes and Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus in Overweight and Obese Yemeni Adults

Prevalence of prediabetes and associated risk factors in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a systematic review

BACKGROUND

Prediabetes increases the risk of diabetes mellitus and complications. The current study was planned to assess the prevalence and risk factors of prediabetes in Eastern Mediterranean Region countries.

METHODS

The PRISMA reporting guidelines were followed when reporting this study. Five electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science, were searched to identify relevant studies. We included observational studies that used either the American Diabetes Association or World Health Organization prediabetes criteria as definitions for adult populations in any of the Eastern Mediterranean Region countries. We identified 13,851 references, of which 41 were included for data extraction. The Quality Assessment Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for other studies were used to assess the quality of the included studies.

RESULTS

The overall prevalence of prediabetes ranged from 2.2% to 47.9%; Age, gender, obesity, and high blood pressure were the most reported risk factors in the EMR. Factors like low education, smoking, family history of diabetes, and physical inactivity were associated with prediabetes in some populations.

CONCLUSION

The region was found to have a high prevalence of prediabetes, ranking it among regions with the most significant frequency. Modifiable factors such as obesity, hypertension, and inactivity, in addition to age and gender, are among the region's most frequently identified risk factors for prediabetes.

Prevalence and associated factors of diabetes among adult populations of Hawassa town, southern Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study

INTRODUCTION

Knowing the magnitude and preventable risk factors of diabetes has a significant contribution in targeted prevention intervention which ultimately ensures the existence of healthier and productive individuals in a country. Diabetes has untoward impact on health, social and economic consequences. Exploring preventable risk factors are extremely important because of their potential association and interaction with diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the magnitude and modifiable risk factors of diabetes among adult populations in Hawassa town, southern Ethiopia.

METHODS

A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from September, 2023 to November, 2023 among adult populations. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 1,113 study participants between the ages of 20-69 years. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Additionally, participants were also instructed to fast overnight, after which the standard fasting blood glucose test was conducted. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify independent predictors of diabetes.

RESULTS

The overall prevalence of diabetes was 14.4% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 12.4%, 16.4%). Being male (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR):2.10; 95% CI: 1.34, 3.29), being unable to read and write (AOR: 3.38; 95% CI: 1.09, 10.47), read and write (AOR: 3.38; 95% CI: 1.09, 10.47) and medium cycle (AOR 2.79; 95% CI: 1.02, 7.63) compared to college and above, consume less than 5 servings of fruits on daily base (AOR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.18, 6.62), having ever chewed khat (AOR 6.50; 95% CI: 4.07, 10.39) and being overweight and obese (AOR: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.54, 3.83) were independently associated with diabetes mellitus (DM).

CONCLUSION

This study identified a high prevalence of diabetes among adults in Hawassa, driven by various risk factors. This presents an opportunity to mitigate diabetes risk through public health measures, including avoiding khat chewing, promoting healthy diets, managing overweight and obesity, implementing community-based screening, enhancing health literacy, and integrating health information into daily life.