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Luo Y, Wang Y, Tang S, Xu L, Zhao X, Han M, Liu Y, Xu Y, Han B. Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in the older non-hospitalized population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:357. [PMID: 38649825 PMCID: PMC11036751 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenic obesity emerges as a risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes in non-hospitalized older adults, including physical disabilities, metabolic diseases, and even mortality. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the overall SO prevalence in non-hospitalized adults aged ≥ 65 years and assessed the sociodemographic, clinicobiological, and lifestyle factors related to SO. METHODS We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for studies reporting the prevalence of SO from database inception to October 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, evaluated the study quality, and extracted the data. Both fixed- and random-effects models were used in the meta-analysis to estimate the pooled SO prevalence and perform subgroup analyses. Publication and sensitivity bias analyses were performed to test the robustness of the associations. RESULTS Among 46 studies eligible for review and a total of 71,757 non-hospitalized older adults, the combined prevalence of SO was 14% (95% CI:11-17%, I2 = 99.5%, P < 0.01). Subgroup analysis according to lifestyle factors demonstrated that the SO prevalence was 17% (95% CI: 8-29%, I2 = 99.5%, P < 0.01) in older adults without exercise habits. Regarding clinicobiological factors, older adults with a history of falls (15% [95% CI: 10-22%, I2 = 82%, P < 0.01]), two or more chronic diseases (19% [95% CI: 10-29%, I2 = 97%, P < 0.01]), functional impairment (33% [95% CI: 29-37%, I2 = 0%, P = 0.95]), cognitive impairment (35% [95% CI: 9-65%, I2 = 83%, P = 0.02]), osteoporosis (20% [95% CI: 8-35%, I2 = 96%, P < 0.01]), high fasting glucose level (17% [95% CI: 1-49%, I2 = 98%, P < 0.01]), or the use of antipsychotics (13% [95% CI: 2-28%, I2 = 0%, P = 0.32]) exhibited a higher SO prevalence. CONCLUSION SO prevalence is high among non-hospitalized older adults, especially those with functional and cognitive impairments. Thus, SO is a potential problem for the aging population; implementation of planned interventions in the community is needed to reduce the prevalence and adverse outcomes of SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Luo
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 45., Changchun Street, Xicheng District, 100055, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 45., Changchun Street, Xicheng District, 100055, Beijing, China
| | - Shuao Tang
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 45., Changchun Street, Xicheng District, 100055, Beijing, China
| | - Ludan Xu
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 45., Changchun Street, Xicheng District, 100055, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 45., Changchun Street, Xicheng District, 100055, Beijing, China
| | - Mengya Han
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 45., Changchun Street, Xicheng District, 100055, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhua Liu
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 45., Changchun Street, Xicheng District, 100055, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 45., Changchun Street, Xicheng District, 100055, Beijing, China
| | - Binru Han
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 45., Changchun Street, Xicheng District, 100055, Beijing, China.
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da Silva LSL, Abdalla PP, Marcos-Pardo PJ, Romo-Perez V, Garcia-Soidan JL, Mota J, Machado DRL. Sarcopenic obesity does not impair lower limb strength and physical performance in sufficiently active older adults: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3061. [PMID: 38321169 PMCID: PMC10847493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the associations of sarcopenic obesity (SO) with muscle strength and physical performance in sufficiently active older adults. Data from 72 older sarcopenic obese adults classified as sufficiently active were analyzed. Participants were categorized into four groups based on sex and SO status. Muscle strength/physical performance tests were compared using independent sample t-tests. Multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression were performed to examine the associations between SO and muscle strength and physical performance, adjusting for confounding variables. Only handgrip strength showed differences between SO groups, regardless of sex (p < 0.05). SO negatively explained the variability of handgrip strength (p < 0.05). An increase in handgrip strength values was associated with a decrease in the chances of older adults being classified as SO (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that even with SO, sufficiently active older adults did not present a significant reduction in muscle strength in the lower limbs and physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Santos Lopes da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue No 3900, University Campus - Monte Alegre, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14030-680, Brazil.
- Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Pugliesi Abdalla
- Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo
- Department of Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
- CERNEP Research Center, SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Romo-Perez
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Mota
- The Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dalmo Roberto Lopes Machado
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue No 3900, University Campus - Monte Alegre, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14030-680, Brazil
- Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- The Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- ESEC - Universidade do Algarve, Campus da Penha, Faro, Portugal
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da Silva LSL, Gonçalves LDS, Abdalla PP, Benjamim CJR, Tasinafo MF, Venturini ACR, Bohn L, Mota J, Marcos-Pardo PJ, Kemmler W, dos Santos AP, Machado DRL. Characteristics of resistance training-based protocols in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: a scoping review of training procedure recommendations. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1179832. [PMID: 37234555 PMCID: PMC10206023 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1179832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a clinical and functional disease characterized by the coexistence of obesity and sarcopenia. Resistance training (RT) characteristics for older adults with sarcopenia or obesity are already well established in the scientific literature. Nonetheless, we still do not know how detailed the RT protocols are described for older adults with SO. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the characteristics of RT programs, including each of their variables, recommended for older adults with SO. Methods This is a scoping review study that was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for Scoping Reviews. The search was carried out until November 2022 in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, Google Scholar, and medRxiv databases. The studies included SO diagnosis and RT as an intervention strategy. The RT variables analyzed were as follows: exercise selection, the volume of sets, the intensity of load, repetition cadence, rest interval between sets, and weekly frequency. Results A total of 1,693 studies were identified. After applying the exclusion criteria, 15 studies were included in the final analysis. The duration of the RT intervention ranged from 8 to 24 weeks. All studies included full-body routines, with single/multi-joint exercises. Regarding the volume of sets, some studies fixed it in three sets, whereas others varied between one and three sets. The load was reported by repetition range and the weight lifted, elastic-band color/resistance, percentage of one repetition maximum, or perceived exertion scale. Repetition cadence was fixed in some studies, while it was self-selected between concentric and eccentric phases in others. The interval between sets of rest varied from 30 to 180 s. All studies reported progression overload during the interventions. Not all studies reported how the exercise selection, repetition cadence, and rest interval were made. Conclusion The characteristics of RT protocols and their variables prescribed in the literature for older adults with SO were mapped. The lack of detail on some training variables (i.e., exercise selection, repetition cadence, and rest interval) was identified. RT protocols are heterogeneous and described only partially among studies. The recommendations for RT prescription details in older adults with SO are provided for future studies. Systematic review registration https://osf.io/wzk3d/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Santos Lopes da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto (EEFERP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Leonardo da Silva Gonçalves
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto (EEFERP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Pedro Pugliesi Abdalla
- Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Márcio Fernando Tasinafo
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto (EEFERP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Rossini Venturini
- Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucimere Bohn
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport, Lusófona University, Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo
- Neuropsychological Evaluation and Rehabilitation (CERNEP) Research Centre, Scientific Projects Organization and Research Training (SPORT) Research Group (CTS-1024), Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes, Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Pereira dos Santos
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto (EEFERP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dalmo Roberto Lopes Machado
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto (EEFERP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Escola Superior de Educação e Comunicação, Campus da Penha, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Park MJ, Choi KM. Interplay of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue: sarcopenic obesity. Metabolism 2023; 144:155577. [PMID: 37127228 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is becoming a global health concern, owing to the rising older population, causing cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. Loss of muscle exceeding normal age-related changes has been revealed to be associated with obesity, aggravating each other through complex interactions. Physiological regeneration and proliferation of muscle tissue are achieved through harmonious processes of regulated inflammation, autophagy, muscle satellite cell proliferation, and signaling molecule function. Adipokines and myokines are signaling molecules from adipose tissue and muscle, respectively, that exert autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine effects on fat and muscle tissues. These signaling molecules interact with each other to regulate metabolic homeostasis. However, excessive adiposity creates pro-inflammatory conditions, leading to metabolic disorders and the disorganization of systemic homeostasis. Therefore, obesity impedes muscle tissue regeneration and induces the loss of muscle mass and function. Numerous studies have attempted to demonstrate the pathophysiological interaction between sarcopenia and obesity, but the interwoven matrix of the relationship between myokines and adipokines has made it difficult for researchers to understand them. This review briefly describes updated information about the crosstalk between muscle and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Prokopidis K, Mazidi M, Sankaranarayanan R, Tajik B, McArdle A, Isanejad M. Effects of whey and soy protein supplementation on inflammatory cytokines in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:759-770. [PMID: 35706399 PMCID: PMC9975787 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low-grade inflammation is a mediator of muscle proteostasis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of isolated whey and soy proteins on inflammatory markers. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search of randomised controlled trials (RCT) through MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases from inception until September 2021. To determine the effectiveness of isolated proteins on circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6 and TNF-α, a meta-analysis using a random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effects (CRD42021252603). RESULTS Thirty-one RCT met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. A significant reduction of circulating IL-6 levels following whey protein [Mean Difference (MD): -0·79, 95 % CI: -1·15, -0·42, I2 = 96 %] and TNF-α levels following soy protein supplementation (MD: -0·16, 95 % CI: -0·26, -0·05, I2 = 68 %) was observed. The addition of soy isoflavones exerted a further decline in circulating TNF-α levels (MD: -0·20, 95 % CI: -0·31, -0·08, I2 = 34 %). According to subgroup analysis, whey protein led to a statistically significant decrease in circulating IL-6 levels in individuals with sarcopenia and pre-frailty (MD: -0·98, 95 % CI: -1·56, -0·39, I2 = 0 %). These findings may be dependent on participant characteristics and treatment duration. CONCLUSIONS These data support that whey and soy protein supplementation elicit anti-inflammatory effects by reducing circulating IL-6 and TNF-α levels, respectively. This effect may be enhanced by soy isoflavones and may be more prominent in individuals with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rajiv Sankaranarayanan
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Behnam Tajik
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne McArdle
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Masoud Isanejad
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Corresponding author: Masoud Isanejad, email
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da Silva Gonçalves L, Santos Lopes da Silva L, Rodrigues Benjamim CJ, Tasinafo Junior MF, Bohn L, Ferreira Abud G, Ortiz GU, de Freitas EC. The Effects of Different Exercise Training Types on Body Composition and Physical Performance in Older Adults with Sarcopenic Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:1076-1090. [PMID: 37997730 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-2018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis to verify the effects of different exercise training types on body composition and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenic obesity (SO). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Older adults (≥60 years). METHODS Database searches were performed in MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and LILACS on January 10th, 2023. We included: randomized and/or controlled clinical trials; physical exercise as an intervention; analysis of body composition and/or muscle function; and sarcopenic obesity diagnosis. We used the Risk of Bias 2 tool and PEDro scale. The GRADE certainty of evidence was also performed. RESULTS Fourteen studies were included in the systematic review and nine studies in the meta-analysis. A decrease in body fat (%) favoring the exercise group was identified (SMD: -0.34 [95% CI: -0.53 to -0.16]; p=0.0003) (GRADE: ⊕⊕⊕◯ Moderate). Only resistance training showed fat reduction (SMD: -0.27 [95% CI: -0.48 to -0.06]; p=0.01). Increases in upper (SMD: 0.41 [95% CI: 0.04 to 0.78]; p=0.03) (GRADE: ⊕⊕◯◯ Low) and lower (SMD: 0.80 [95% CI: 0.22 to 1.39]; p=0.007) (GRADE: ⊕⊕⊕⊕ High) limb strength was identified with exercise. Chair stand test showed increases with exercise (SMD: 0.73 [95% CI: 0.40 to 1.07]; p<0.0001) (GRADE: ⊕⊕⊕⊕ High), especially for resistance training (SMD: 0.62 [95% CI: 0.21 to 1.02]; p=0.003) and combined training (SMD: 0.99 [95% CI: 0.40 to 1.57]; p=0.0005). The PEDro scale for the studies in our review ranged from 3 to 8 (mean = 5.8 (1.6)), meaning fair methodological quality, and most studies were overall judged with at least low/some concerns in terms of risk of bias. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Overall, moderate to high certainty of evidence was found for body fat, lower limb strength, and chair stand test. On the other hand, low certainty of evidence was found for upper limb strength. Resistance, combined, and aerobic training evoked divergent results between the variables analyzed. Although promising, our results should be considered sparingly, but may guide additional exercise recommendations to improve specific health parameters in older adults with SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- L da Silva Gonçalves
- Leonardo Santos Lopes da Silva, Bandeirantes Avenue nº 3900, University Campus - Monte Alegre, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil. Zip code: 14030-680 Contact: +55 17 98154-4151,
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Kumari M, Khanna A. Prevalence of Sarcopenic Obesity in Various Comorbidities, Diagnostic Markers, and Therapeutic Approaches: A Review. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2022; 26:296-308. [PMID: 36397294 PMCID: PMC9830070 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.22.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity characterizes sarcopenic obesity. In this condition, there is an imbalance between lean and fat mass amounts. It is a prevalent issue that is gaining prevalence among the elderly population. To evaluate the condition, allied health professionals may employ non-invasive diagnostic techniques, such as gait speed, skeletal muscle mass, and muscle strength. Nevertheless, early diagnosis and treatment of pathology are essential for preventing debilitating effects and providing the highest quality of care. This article reviews the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in numerous medical conditions, such as cancer, arthritis, postoperative cases, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. In addition, this paper aims to examine the available evidence regarding the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in other conditions along with their diagnostic markers and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangalam Kumari
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Archana Khanna
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India,Corresponding Author: Archana Khanna, PhD Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India E-mail:
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Kuriyama K, Matsui Y, Suzuki Y, Mizuno T, Watanabe T, Takemura M, Ishizuka S, Yamashita S, Imagama S, Arai H. Relationship between sarcopenia classification and thigh muscle mass, fat area, muscle CT value and osteoporosis in middle-aged and older Japanese adults. Bone 2022; 163:116487. [PMID: 35843483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is one of the most important health issues in today's ageing society. As an evaluation method, computed tomography (CT) is an effective means of assessing not only the quantity but also the quality of skeletal muscle. We aimed to examine the relationship between sarcopenia severity and muscle/fat area, and osteoporosis. 321 patients (116 men and 205 women, mean age 77.2 ± 7.1 years, age range 53-96 years) who visited the Integrated Healthy Aging Clinic from 2016 to 2017 were included in this study. Based on the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia2019 criteria, patients were divided into four groups: normal group, low-functional group (with normal skeletal muscle mass, but reduced muscle strength or physical function), sarcopenia group, and severe sarcopenia group. We measured the skeletal muscle (SM), intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) areas and the CT attenuation values (CTV) using cross sections of the mid-thigh CT. We also measured bone mineral density. Then, we compared each result among the four groups. We found a significant decrease in SM area in both men and women with sarcopenia (p < 0.001 for both sexes). In women, a decrease in SAT area was observed in the sarcopenia group (p < 0.001), and an increase in IMAT was observed in the low functional group (p < 0.001). The CTV decreased in men with sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia; similarly, women in the low functional and severe sarcopenia groups had decreased CTV (p < 0.001 for both sexes). An association between sarcopenia and osteoporosis in men was detected (p = 0.004). By using not only muscle mass but also fat mass and CTV, we were able to better examine the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and differences between men and women in Japanese middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Kuriyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; Center for Frailty and Locomotive Syndrome, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Yasumoto Matsui
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive Syndrome, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Suzuki
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive Syndrome, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Human Care Engineering, Nihon Fukushi University, Mihama, Aichi 470-3295, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Mizuno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; Center for Frailty and Locomotive Syndrome, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Watanabe
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive Syndrome, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Marie Takemura
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive Syndrome, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Shinya Ishizuka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Arai
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive Syndrome, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
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Chen L, Wu L, Li Q, Hu Y, Ma H, Lin H, Gao X. Hyperuricemia Associated with Low Skeletal Muscle in the Middle-Aged and Elderly Population in China. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2022; 130:546-553. [PMID: 35609819 DOI: 10.1055/a-1785-3729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have presented inconsistent results on the relationship between serum uric acid and skeletal muscle mass (SMM). We aimed to explore whether a higher serum uric acid level was associated with low SMM in the Chinese population. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 6595 subjects aged 45 years or older. They were tested for fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. SMM was accessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry using two approaches: weight-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM)% and ASM/BMI (body mass index (kg/m2)). Low SMM was defined as a cut-off point of ASM/BMI<0.789 for men and<0.512 for women. RESULTS Compared with their normal group, patients with hyperuricemia had lower ASM% (29.33±2.33 vs 30.03±2.34 for males and 24.71±1.99 vs 25.19±2.07 for females, P<0.01) and ASM/BMI (0.83±0.10 vs 0.85±0.10 for male and 0.60±0.07 vs 0.62±0.07 for female), with a higher prevalence of the associated low SMM in both sexes (35.2 vs 26.5% for male and 10.5 vs 5.9% for female, P<0.01). Pearson analysis showed that ASM% and ASM/BMI were negatively correlated with SUA (male: ASM/BMI, r=-0.097, ASM%, r=-0.146; female: ASM/BMI, r=-0.151, ASM%, r=-0.157; all P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed a positive association of hyperuricemia with adjusted risk of low SMM association. CONCLUSIONS In a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population, hyperuricemia is independently and positively associated with low SMM and can vary by age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wu
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Huandong Lin
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
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10
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Gao Q, Mei F, Shang Y, Hu K, Chen F, Zhao L, Ma B. Global prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4633-4641. [PMID: 34229269 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sarcopenic obesity (SO), which refers to the coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity. It can lead to physical disability, morbidity, and even mortality. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the global prevalence of SO in older adults. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies reporting the prevalence of SO from inception to December 2020. Two researchers independently screened the literature, evaluated study quality, and extracted data. A random-effects model was used to pool the estimates for the prevalence of SO. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression analysis were conducted. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and the Egger test. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata 15.0 software. RESULTS This review included 50 studies, we found that the global prevalence of SO in older adults was 11%. Subgroup analyses showed that the prevalence of SO was higher among studies using diagnostic criteria of muscle mass alone (15%) to diagnose sarcopenia, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (15%) to assess muscle mass, and those focused on age ≥ 75 years old (23%), hospitalized (16%), South Americans (21%) and North Americans (19%). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of SO among studies using body fat percentage (10%), body mass index (13%), waist circumference (16%) to diagnose obesity and in female (14%), male (10%) patients. Sensitivity analysis showed that none of the studies affected the overall pooled results. Meta-regression analysis found that publication year, geographical region, study setting, and the diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia were sources of heterogeneity. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicated SO affects more than one in ten older adults globally. Therefore, we should attach importance to the screening and early diagnosis of SO in older adults, then selecting appropriate interventions to reduce the occurrence of it and various adverse outcomes in this demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Gao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Evidence-based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Mei
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Evidence-based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi Shang
- The Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kaiyan Hu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Evidence-based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Evidence-based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Evidence-based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Evidence-based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.
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11
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Ramírez-Villada JF, Arango-Paternina CM, Tibaduiza-Romero A, Rodríguez-Perdomo L, Molina-Restrepo NC, Márquez-Arabia JJ. Functional autonomy and sarcopenia markers in women over 55 years of age. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2021. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v69n4.84849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Some parameters used to diagnose sarcopenia and functional autonomy disorders can lead to interpretation and classification errors.
Objective: To analyze sarcopenia markers and their relationship with the strength and gait of physically active older women aged between 55 and 76 years.
Materials and Methods: Analytical observational study conducted in 178 physically active Colombian women who were distributed in two age groups (group 1: 55-66 years, n=98, and group 2: 67-76 years, n=80). A multiple linear regression model was used to establish possible correlations between strength and gait indicators (dependent variables) and body composition (independent variables).
Results: Fat mass and appendicular mass (appendicular lean/height2(kg/m2)) explained power variance in the lower limbs in group 1 (G1) (SJ: p=0.001, R2=0.56; CMJ: p=0.001, R2=0.51; CMJAS: R2=0.60, p=0.001). Similar results were observed in group 2 (G2) (SJ: R2=0.32, DW1=2.14; CMJ: R2=0.51, DW2=2.38; CMJAS: R2=0.41, DW3=2.56). Furthermore, fat mass explained variance in gait pattern in G1 and G2 differently (G1: p=-0.006; R2=20%; G2: p=-0.001; R2=29%).
Conclusion: Recording fat and appendicular mass allow studying negative changes in lower limb strength and their effect on gait pattern, as well as identifying the type of sarcopenia and functional autonomy disorders in physically active Colombian women aged 55 to 76 years.
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12
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Morgan PT, Smeuninx B, Breen L. Exploring the Impact of Obesity on Skeletal Muscle Function in Older Age. Front Nutr 2020; 7:569904. [PMID: 33335909 PMCID: PMC7736105 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.569904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is of important clinical relevance for loss of independence in older adults. The prevalence of obesity in combination with sarcopenia (“sarcopenic-obesity”) is increasing at a rapid rate. However, whilst the development of sarcopenia is understood to be multi-factorial and harmful to health, the role of obesity from a protective and damaging perspective on skeletal muscle in aging, is poorly understood. Specifically, the presence of obesity in older age may be accompanied by a greater volume of skeletal muscle mass in weight-bearing muscles compared with lean older individuals, despite impaired physical function and resistance to anabolic stimuli. Collectively, these findings support a potential paradox in which obesity may protect skeletal muscle mass in older age. One explanation for these paradoxical findings may be that the anabolic response to weight-bearing activity could be greater in obese vs. lean older individuals due to a larger mechanical stimulus, compensating for the heightened muscle anabolic resistance. However, it is likely that there is a complex interplay between muscle, adipose, and external influences in the aging process that are ultimately harmful to health in the long-term. This narrative briefly explores some of the potential mechanisms regulating changes in skeletal muscle mass and function in aging combined with obesity and the interplay with sarcopenia, with a particular focus on muscle morphology and the regulation of muscle proteostasis. In addition, whilst highly complex, we attempt to provide an updated summary for the role of obesity from a protective and damaging perspective on muscle mass and function in older age. We conclude with a brief discussion on treatment of sarcopenia and obesity and a summary of future directions for this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Morgan
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Benoit Smeuninx
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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13
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Prevalence, diagnostic criteria, and factors associated with sarcopenic obesity in older adults from a low middle income country: A systematic review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 41:94-103. [PMID: 33487312 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the scientific evidences on the prevalence, diagnostic criteria, and factors related to sarcopenic obesity (SO) in Brazilian older adults. METHODS this systematic review was based on searches of the databases PubMed, Science Direct, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), Web of Science, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Scopus. The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The inclusion criteria were: original articles of observational design that evaluated the presence of sarcopenic obesity in Brazilian older adults (≥60 years). Therefore, studies that investigated only obesity or sarcopenia, animal studies, review studies, congress publications, theses, dissertations, book chapters, editorials, letters to the editor, and newspaper articles were not included. RESULTS The initial screening identified 549 records. After removing the duplicates, assessing the titles and abstracts, and the complete analysis of the papers, 12 studies were included in the review. The sample size of the studies ranged from 56 to 1373 subjects, most of them selected by convenience sampling (n = 11) and exclusively with women (n = 9). The prevalence of SO varied from 4.4% to 48.4%. No consensus was found on the diagnostic criteria for SO. The main associations identified were between SO and decrease in muscle strength, aerobic fitness, gait speed, and increase in frequency of frailty and cardiometabolic and inflammatory alterations. CONCLUSIONS Epidemiological studies conducted so far in Brazil are heterogeneous, which limits the possibility of comparison between prevalence and distribution of sarcopenic obesity among older adults. Further studies with representative samples of the population are required to understand the magnitude of SO in this group.
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14
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Are body fat and inflammatory markers independently associated with age-related muscle changes? Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2009-2015. [PMID: 33008653 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A growing number of studies have shown that body fat and inflammation are associated with age-related changes in body muscle composition. However, most of these studies did not control for potential confounders. The aim was to determine whether there is an association between body fat and inflammatory cytokines with muscle mass/strength decline in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Anthropometric, physical and functionality variables were collected. Nutritional status was assessed by the MNA form. Dynapenia was assessed with handgrip strength on the dominant hand using a dynamometer. Sarcopenia was determined using adapted criteria from the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2). Inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in plasma using a multiplex assay. Associations to muscle mass/strength decline were analyzed using a multinominal logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS We recruited a convenience sample of 311 adults aged 60 years or older. Most of subjects were sufficiently active females with a median age of 68 years (interquartile range [IQR], 64-74 years), whereas about a half (46.3%) were at risk of malnutrition. The prevalence of dynapenia was 38.3%, whereas sarcopenia was 13.2%. After controlling for potential confounders, we found that relative fat mass index is independently associated with sarcopenia. Loss of strength was independently associated only with female sex, lower physical activity, worse nutrition and IL-10/TNF-α ratio, whereas female sex, an insufficiently active lifestyle and relative fat mass index were the key determinants of sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of physical activity and healthy diet as effective interventions to prevent muscle mass/strength decline, and points to IL-10/TNF-α ratio and body fat as independently associated factors for dynapenia and sarcopenia, respectively.
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15
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de Castro DLS, da Cunha Nascimento D, Orsano VSM, de Sousa Neto IV, Beal FLR, Stone W, Dos Santos Rosa T, Prestes J. Effect of high-velocity and traditional resistance exercise on serum antioxidants and inflammation biomarkers in older women: A randomized crossover trial. Exp Gerontol 2020; 139:111026. [PMID: 32717273 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Contrary to the production of oxidant and inflammation biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes decrease with age and the adaptive response to oxidative stress is reduced. The effects of the different resistance exercise protocols to attenuate these conditions are largely unexplored. OBJECTIVE We compared the acute effects of traditional resistance exercise (TRE) and high velocity RE (HVRE) on inflammatory biomarkers and antioxidant activity in elderly women. METHODS Fourteen elderly women (67 ± 7 years) were randomly assigned to TRE or HVRE. Blood samples were collected to measure inflammatory markers and antioxidant enzymes at three time-points (pre-exercise, post-exercise, 30 min post-exercise). RESULTS TRE and HVRE induced acute reductions over time on tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble receptor of IL-6 (sIL-6R), as well in catalase, glutathione and superoxide dismutase antioxidant levels without differences between groups. In addition, TRE and HVRE groups displayed acute increments in interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-10/IL-6 ratio over time, while the HVRE protocol displayed higher IL-10 values post-exercise and 30 min post-exercise time points as compared with TRE. Based on magnitude based inference, subjects from the HVRE group demonstrated superior responsiveness for IL-6 and IL-10 as compared with the TRE group. All participants from the HVRE group displayed a minimal clinical important difference on IL-10 levels as compared to only two persons from the TRE group. CONCLUSION Both RE protocols were capable of positive changes in inflammatory and antioxidant status in elderly subjects, but HVRE demonstrated a superior response on IL-10. The HVRE may be incorporated to exercise recommendation in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dahan da Cunha Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Center University of Distrito Federal (UDF), Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasilia, UCB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Fabiani Lage Rodrigues Beal
- Department of Nutrition, Health and Medicine School, Catholic University of Brasilia, UCB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Department of Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasilia, UCB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Whitley Stone
- School of Kinesiology Recreation and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, USA
| | - Thiago Dos Santos Rosa
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Brazil.
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16
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Guo A, Li K, Xiao Q. Sarcopenic obesity: Myokines as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets? Exp Gerontol 2020; 139:111022. [PMID: 32707318 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a condition characterized by the occurrence of both sarcopenia and obesity and imposes a heavy burden on the health of the elderly. Controversies and challenges regarding the definition, diagnosis and treatment of SO still remain because of its complex pathogenesis and limitations. Over the past few decades, numerous studies have revealed that myokines secreted from skeletal muscle play significant roles in the regulation of muscle mass and function as well as metabolic homeostasis. Abnormalities in myokines may trigger and promote the pathogenesis underlying age-related and metabolic diseases, including obesity, sarcopenia, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and SO. This review mainly focuses on the role of myokines as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis and therapeutic targets in SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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17
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Hammoud E, Toumi H, Jacob C, Pinti A, Lespessailles E, El Hage R. Influence of sarcopenia on bone health parameters in a group of eumenorrheic obese premenopausal women. J Bone Miner Metab 2020; 38:385-391. [PMID: 31797065 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-019-01071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare bone mineral density (BMD) and geometric indices of hip bone strength in a group of obese sarcopenic premenopausal women (n = 27) and a group of obese premenopausal women with normal appendicular lean mass (ALM)/body mass index ratio (BMI) (n = 26). MATERIALS AND METHODS The ALM/BMI criterion of The Foundation for the National Institute of Health was used; women with an ALM/BMI ratio < 0.512 m2 were considered obese sarcopenic. Body composition and bone variables were measured by DXA. DXA measurements were completed for the whole body (WB), lumbar spine (L1-L4), total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN). Hip geometry parameters including cross-sectional area (CSA), cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), section modulus (Z), strength index (SI) and buckling ratio (BR) were derived by DXA. RESULTS Age, weight and BMI were not significantly different between the two groups. Height, lean mass, skeletal muscle mass index, ALM and the ratio ALM/BMI were significantly higher in obese women with normal ALM/BMI ratio compared to obese sarcopenic women. Fat mass percentage was significantly higher in obese sarcopenic women compared to obese women with normal ALM/BMI ratio. WB BMC, TH BMD, FN BMD, CSA, CSMI and Z were significantly higher in obese women with normal ALM/BMI ratio compared to obese sarcopenic women. In the whole population (n = 53), ALM and the ratio ALM/BMI were positively correlated to WB BMC, CSA, CSMI and Z. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that sarcopenia negatively influences bone mineral density and hip geometry parameters before menopause in eumenorrheic obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emneh Hammoud
- Division of Education, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Kelhat El-Koura, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon
- I3MTO Laboratory, EA 4708, University of Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Hechmi Toumi
- I3MTO Laboratory, EA 4708, University of Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France
- Plateforme Recherche Innovation Médicale Mutualisée d'Orléans, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, 14 Avenue de l'Hôpital, 45100, Orléans, France
| | - Christophe Jacob
- Division of Education, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Kelhat El-Koura, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Antonio Pinti
- I3MTO Laboratory, EA 4708, University of Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Eric Lespessailles
- I3MTO Laboratory, EA 4708, University of Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France
- Plateforme Recherche Innovation Médicale Mutualisée d'Orléans, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, 14 Avenue de l'Hôpital, 45100, Orléans, France
| | - Rawad El Hage
- Division of Education, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Kelhat El-Koura, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon.
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Picca A, Coelho-Junior HJ, Cesari M, Marini F, Miccheli A, Gervasoni J, Bossola M, Landi F, Bernabei R, Marzetti E, Calvani R. The metabolomics side of frailty: Toward personalized medicine for the aged. Exp Gerontol 2019; 126:110692. [PMID: 31421185 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frailty encompasses several domains (i.e., metabolic, physical, cognitive). The multisystem derangements underlying frailty pathophysiology, its phenotypic heterogeneity, and the fluctuations of individuals across severity states have hampered a comprehensive appraisal of the condition. Circulating biomarkers emerged as an alleged tool for capturing this complexity and, as proxies for organismal metabolic changes, may hold the advantages of: 1) supporting diagnosis, 2) tracking the progression, 3) assisting healthcare professionals in clinical and therapeutic decision-making, and 4) verifying the efficacy of an intervention before measurable clinical manifestations occur. Among available analytical tools, metabolomics are able to identify and quantify the (ideally) whole repertoire of small molecules in biological matrices (i.e., cells, tissues, and biological fluids). Results of metabolomics analysis may define the final output of genome-environment interactions at the individual level. This entire collection of metabolites is called "metabolome" and is highly dynamic. Here, we discuss how monitoring the dynamics of metabolic profiles may provide a read-out of the environmental and clinical disturbances affecting cell homeostasis in frailty-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Junior
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, 00168 Rome, Italy; Applied Kinesiology Laboratory-LCA, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, 13.083-851 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Miccheli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Gervasoni
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bossola
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Crispim Carvalho NN, Baccin Martins VJ, Modesto Filho J, Bandeira F, Fernandes Pimenta FC, de Brito Alves JL. Relationship Between Skeletal Muscle Mass Indexes and Muscular Function, Metabolic Profile and Bone Mineral Density in Women with Recommendation for Bariatric Surgery. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2645-2654. [PMID: 31849508 PMCID: PMC6913321 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s213643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We evaluated low skeletal muscle mass (LMM) in women prior to bariatric surgery (BS) through different skeletal muscle mass indexes (MMIs) regarding body fat percentage (BFP), handgrip strength (HS), six-minute walk test (6MWT), metabolic profile and bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS Women (n=62) were allocated into two groups according to LMM: obesity with low muscle mass (OLMM) or obesity with normal muscle mass (ONMM). LMM was defined by the appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) adjusted for weight (ASM/wt × 100) and ASM adjusted for body mass index (ASM/BMI), considering the lowest quintile of the indexes studied. RESULTS OLMM was found in 30.5% by ASM/wt × 100 and 20.3% by ASM/BMI. Using the ASM/wt × 100, OLMM group had a high BFP, low HS and BMD in L1-L4, femoral neck (FN) and total femur (TF) when compared with ONMM (p < 0.05). Using ASM/BMI, OLMM group had increased BFP, reduced HS and 6MWT in comparison to ONMM (p < 0.05). Metabolic profile was similar between OLMM and ONMM groups by the two MMIs. MMIs were negatively correlated with BFP (p < 0.05) and positively correlated with HS (p < 0.05), and none of them with 6MWT (p > 0.05). ASM/wt × 100 was positively correlated with all BMD sites assessed (p < 0.05). There was positive correlation between ASM/wt × 100 and ASM/BMI. CONCLUSION OLMM identified by the ASM/wt × 100 and ASM/BMI had higher adiposity and lower HS. Using ASM/BMI, we found that OLMN had a poor physical performance, while the ASM/wt × 100 identified a lower BMD at all sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Nóbrega Crispim Carvalho
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Department of Endocrinology, Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Nara Nóbrega Crispim Carvalho Department of Endocrinology, Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB58051-900, BrazilTel/Fax +55 83 9 9368 0937 Email
| | | | - João Modesto Filho
- Department of Endocrinology, Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Francisco Bandeira
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology of Agamenon Magalhães Hospital, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Correspondence: José Luiz de Brito Alves Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I – Jd. Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB58051-900, BrazilTel/Fax +55 81 9 9845 5485 Email
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