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Nandhini J, Karthikeyan E, Rajeshkumar S. Eco-friendly bio-nanocomposites: pioneering sustainable biomedical advancements in engineering. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:86. [PMID: 38724698 PMCID: PMC11082105 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Biomedical nanocomposites, which are an upcoming breed of mischievous materials, have ushered in a new dimension in the healthcare sector. Incorporating these materials tends to boost features this component already possesses and give might to things these components could not withstand alone. The biopolymer, which carries the nanoparticles, can simultaneously improve the composite's stiffness and biological characteristics, and vice versa. This increases the options of the composite and the number of times it can be used. The bio-nanocomposites and nanoparticles enable the ecocompatibility of the medicine in their biodegradability, and they, in this way, have ecological sustainability. The outcome is the improved properties of medicine and its associated positive impact on the environment. They have broad applications in antimicrobial agents, drug carriers, tissue regeneration, wound care, dentistry, bioimaging, and bone filler, among others. The dissertation on the elements of bio-nanocomposites emphasizes production techniques, their diverse applications in medicine, match-up issues, and future-boasting prospects in the bio-nanocomposites field. Through the utilization of such materials, scientists can develop more suitable for the environment and healthy biomedical solutions, and world healthcare in this way improves as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nandhini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - E Karthikeyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - S Rajeshkumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
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Aleynik DY, Zhivtscov OP, Yudin VV, Kovylin RS, Komarov RN, Charykova IN, Linkova DD, Rubtsova YP, Guseva MS, Vasyagina TI, Morozov AG, Chesnokov SA, Egorikhina MN. Specifics of Porous Polymer and Xenogeneic Matrices and of Bone Tissue Regeneration Related to Their Implantation into an Experimental Rabbit Defect. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1165. [PMID: 38675083 PMCID: PMC11054212 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper provides a study of two bone substitutes: a hybrid porous polymer and an osteoplastic matrix based on a bovine-derived xenograft. Both materials are porous, but their pore characteristics are different. The osteoplastic matrix has pores of 300-600 µm and the hybrid polymer has smaller pores, generally of 6-20 µm, but with some pores up to 100 µm across. SEM data confirmed the porometry results and demonstrated the different structures of the materials. Therefore, both materials were characterized by an interconnected porous structure and provided conditions for the adhesion and vital activity of human ASCs in vitro. In an experimental model of rabbit shin bone defect, it was shown that, during the 6-month observation period, neither of the materials caused negative reactions in the experimental animals. By the end of the observation period, restoration of the defects in animals in both groups was completed, and elements of both materials were preserved in the defect areas. Data from morphological examinations and CT data demonstrated that the rate of rabbit bone tissue regeneration with the hybrid polymer was comparable to that with the osteoplastic matrix. Therefore, the hybrid polymer has good potential for use in further research and improvement in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ya. Aleynik
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia; (D.Y.A.); (O.P.Z.); (V.V.Y.); (R.N.K.); (I.N.C.); (D.D.L.); (Y.P.R.); (M.S.G.); (T.I.V.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Oleg P. Zhivtscov
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia; (D.Y.A.); (O.P.Z.); (V.V.Y.); (R.N.K.); (I.N.C.); (D.D.L.); (Y.P.R.); (M.S.G.); (T.I.V.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Vladimir V. Yudin
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia; (D.Y.A.); (O.P.Z.); (V.V.Y.); (R.N.K.); (I.N.C.); (D.D.L.); (Y.P.R.); (M.S.G.); (T.I.V.); (S.A.C.)
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia (A.G.M.)
| | - Roman S. Kovylin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia (A.G.M.)
| | - Roman N. Komarov
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia; (D.Y.A.); (O.P.Z.); (V.V.Y.); (R.N.K.); (I.N.C.); (D.D.L.); (Y.P.R.); (M.S.G.); (T.I.V.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Irina N. Charykova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia; (D.Y.A.); (O.P.Z.); (V.V.Y.); (R.N.K.); (I.N.C.); (D.D.L.); (Y.P.R.); (M.S.G.); (T.I.V.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Daria D. Linkova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia; (D.Y.A.); (O.P.Z.); (V.V.Y.); (R.N.K.); (I.N.C.); (D.D.L.); (Y.P.R.); (M.S.G.); (T.I.V.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Yulia P. Rubtsova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia; (D.Y.A.); (O.P.Z.); (V.V.Y.); (R.N.K.); (I.N.C.); (D.D.L.); (Y.P.R.); (M.S.G.); (T.I.V.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Maria S. Guseva
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia; (D.Y.A.); (O.P.Z.); (V.V.Y.); (R.N.K.); (I.N.C.); (D.D.L.); (Y.P.R.); (M.S.G.); (T.I.V.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Tatyana I. Vasyagina
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia; (D.Y.A.); (O.P.Z.); (V.V.Y.); (R.N.K.); (I.N.C.); (D.D.L.); (Y.P.R.); (M.S.G.); (T.I.V.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Alexander G. Morozov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia (A.G.M.)
| | - Sergey A. Chesnokov
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia; (D.Y.A.); (O.P.Z.); (V.V.Y.); (R.N.K.); (I.N.C.); (D.D.L.); (Y.P.R.); (M.S.G.); (T.I.V.); (S.A.C.)
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia (A.G.M.)
| | - Marfa N. Egorikhina
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia; (D.Y.A.); (O.P.Z.); (V.V.Y.); (R.N.K.); (I.N.C.); (D.D.L.); (Y.P.R.); (M.S.G.); (T.I.V.); (S.A.C.)
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Recent Developments in Polymer Nanocomposites for Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043312. [PMID: 36834724 PMCID: PMC9959928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Most people who suffer acute injuries in accidents have fractured bones. Many of the basic processes that take place during embryonic skeletal development are replicated throughout the regeneration process that occurs during this time. Bruises and bone fractures, for example, serve as excellent examples. It almost always results in a successful recovery and restoration of the structural integrity and strength of the broken bone. After a fracture, the body begins to regenerate bone. Bone formation is a complex physiological process that requires meticulous planning and execution. A normal healing procedure for a fracture might reveal how the bone is constantly rebuilding as an adult. Bone regeneration is becoming more dependent on polymer nanocomposites, which are composites made up of a polymer matrix and a nanomaterial. This study will review polymer nanocomposites that are employed in bone regeneration to stimulate bone regeneration. As a result, we will introduce the role of bone regeneration nanocomposite scaffolds, and the nanocomposite ceramics and biomaterials that play a role in bone regeneration. Aside from that, recent advances in polymer nanocomposites might be used in a variety of industrial processes to help people with bone defects overcome their challenges will be discussed.
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Bioresorbable Chitosan-Based Bone Regeneration Scaffold Using Various Bioceramics and the Alteration of Photoinitiator Concentration in an Extended UV Photocrosslinking Reaction. Gels 2022; 8:gels8110696. [DOI: 10.3390/gels8110696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is an ongoing field of research based on clinical needs to treat delayed and non-union long bone fractures. An ideal tissue engineering scaffold should have a biodegradability property matching the rate of new bone turnover, be non-toxic, have good mechanical properties, and mimic the natural extracellular matrix to induce bone regeneration. In this study, biodegradable chitosan (CS) scaffolds were prepared with combinations of bioactive ceramics, namely hydroxyapatite (HAp), tricalcium phosphate-α (TCP- α), and fluorapatite (FAp), with a fixed concentration of benzophenone photoinitiator (50 µL of 0.1% (w/v)) and crosslinked using a UV curing system. The efficacy of the one-step crosslinking reaction was assessed using swelling and compression testing, SEM and FTIR analysis, and biodegradation studies in simulated body fluid. Results indicate that the scaffolds had comparable mechanical properties, which were: 13.69 ± 1.06 (CS/HAp), 12.82 ± 4.10 (CS/TCP-α), 13.87 ± 2.9 (CS/HAp/TCP-α), and 15.55 ± 0.56 (CS/FAp). Consequently, various benzophenone concentrations were added to CS/HAp formulations to determine their effect on the degradation rate. Based on the mechanical properties and degradation profile of CS/HAp, it was found that 5 µL of 0.1% (w/v) benzophenone resulted in the highest degradation rate at eight weeks (54.48% degraded), while maintaining compressive strength between (4.04 ± 1.49 to 10.17 ± 4.78 MPa) during degradation testing. These results indicate that incorporating bioceramics with a suitable photoinitiator concentration can tailor the biodegradability and load-bearing capacity of the scaffolds.
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Tulyaganov DU, Fiume E, Akbarov A, Ziyadullaeva N, Murtazaev S, Rahdar A, Massera J, Verné E, Baino F. In Vivo Evaluation of 3D-Printed Silica-Based Bioactive Glass Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13020074. [PMID: 35735929 PMCID: PMC9224601 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive glasses are often designed as porous implantable templates in which newly-formed bone can grow in three dimensions (3D). This research work aims to investigate the bone regenerative capability of silicate bioactive glass scaffolds produced by robocasting in comparison with powder and granule-like materials (oxide system: 47.5SiO2-10Na2O-10K2O-10MgO-20CaO-2.5P2O5, mol.%). Morphological and compositional analyses performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) after the bioactivity studies in a simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the apatite-forming ability of the scaffolds, which is key to allowing bone-bonding in vivo. The scaffolds exhibited a clear osteogenic effect upon implantation in rabbit femur and underwent gradual resorption followed by ossification. Full resorption in favor of new bone growth was achieved within 6 months. Osseous defect healing was accompanied by the formation of mature bone with abundant osteocytes and bone marrow cells. These in vivo results support the scaffold’s suitability for application in bone tissue engineering and show promise for potential translation to clinical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilshat U. Tulyaganov
- Department of Natural-Mathematical Sciences, Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent, Tashkent 100095, Uzbekistan;
| | - Elisa Fiume
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (E.F.); (E.V.)
| | - Avzal Akbarov
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent 100047, Uzbekistan; (A.A.); (N.Z.); (S.M.)
| | - Nigora Ziyadullaeva
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent 100047, Uzbekistan; (A.A.); (N.Z.); (S.M.)
| | - Saidazim Murtazaev
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent 100047, Uzbekistan; (A.A.); (N.Z.); (S.M.)
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran;
| | - Jonathan Massera
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Enrica Verné
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (E.F.); (E.V.)
| | - Francesco Baino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (E.F.); (E.V.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Bokov AE, Bulkin AA, Davydenko DV, Orlinskaya NY, Egorikhina MN, Rubtsova YP, Charykova IN, Kovylin RS, Yudin VV, Chesnokov SA, Morozov AG, Mlyavykh SG, Aleynik DY. Biological Response to a Novel Hybrid Polyoligomer: in vitro and in vivo Models. Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 12:36-44. [PMID: 34796017 PMCID: PMC8596235 DOI: 10.17691/stm2020.12.6.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate biocompatibility of a novel hybrid polyoligomer in in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Bokov
- Head of the Department of Oncology and Neurosurgery, University Clinic; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - A A Bulkin
- Neurosurgeon, University Clinic; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - D V Davydenko
- Researcher, Pathological Anatomy Group, University Clinic; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - N Yu Orlinskaya
- Professor, Head of Pathological Anatomy Department, University Clinic; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - M N Egorikhina
- Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - Yu P Rubtsova
- Researcher, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - I N Charykova
- Physician, Biotechnology Laboratory, University Clinic; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - R S Kovylin
- Researcher, Laboratory of Photopolymerization and Polymer Materials; G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603137, Russia
| | - V V Yudin
- Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Photopolymerization and Polymer Materials; G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603137, Russia
| | - S A Chesnokov
- Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Photopolymerization and Polymer Materials; G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603137, Russia
| | - A G Morozov
- Senior Researcher, Applied Research Laboratory; G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603137, Russia
| | - S G Mlyavykh
- Director of the Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - D Ya Aleynik
- Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
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Ibiyeye KM, Idris SB, Zuki ABZ. Cockle shell-derived aragonite calcium carbonate nanoparticle for targeting cancer and breast cancer stem cells. Cancer Nanotechnol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-020-00067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractCockle shell-derived aragonite calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CACNP) have demonstrated prospect as nano-sized drug carriers for targeting cancer cells. CACNP is biocompatible, biodegradable and its biomaterial is readily available and is of low cost. In addition, CACNP is highly porous, has a large surface area which confer a high loading capacity. The pH-dependent release properties as well as its potential for surface functionalization with targeting agents make CACNP useful in passive and active targeting of cancer cells and cancer stem cells. In this article, we reviewed the current state of CACNP as nano-sized drug carrier for targeting cancer cells, cancer stem cells and its biocompatibility.
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Luciana Aurora Soares do Amaral D, de Souza Salomão Zanette R, Torres de Souza G, Augusto da Silva S, Adriano Kopke de Aguiar J, Fortes Marcomini R, Márcio Resende do Carmo A, Valentim Nogueira B, José da Silva Barros R, de Sá Silva F, de Oliveira Santos M, Munk M, de Mello Brandão H, Magno da Costa Maranduba C. Induction of osteogenic differentiation by demineralized and decellularized bovine extracellular matrix derived hydrogels associated with barium titanate. Biologicals 2020; 66:9-16. [PMID: 32561214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue-derive biomaterials have become of great interest to treat diseases of the skeletal system. Biological scaffolds of demineralized and decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM) have been developed and one of these options are ECM hydrogels derived from bovine bone. Nanomaterials may be able to regulate stem cell differentiation due to their unique physical-chemical properties. The present work aimed to evaluate the osteoinductive effects of ECM hydrogels associated with barium titanate nanoparticles (BTNP) on dental pulp cells derived from exfoliated teeth. The addition of BTNP in the ECM derived hydrogel did not affect cell proliferation and the formation of bone nodules. Furthermore, it increased the expression of bone alkaline phosphatase. The results demonstrated that the nanobiocomposites were able to promote the osteogenic differentiation, even in the absence of chemical inducing factors for osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, bovine bone ECM hydrogel combined with BTNP presented and increased expression of markers of osteogenic differentiation in the absence of chemical inducing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Luciana Aurora Soares do Amaral
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Terapia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36.036-900, Brazil
| | - Rafaella de Souza Salomão Zanette
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Terapia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36.036-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Torres de Souza
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Terapia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36.036-900, Brazil
| | - Silvioney Augusto da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Terapia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36.036-900, Brazil
| | - Jair Adriano Kopke de Aguiar
- Laboratório de Análise de Glicoconjugados, Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36.036-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael Fortes Marcomini
- Departamento Engenharia de Produção e Mecânica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36.036-900, Brazil
| | - Antônio Márcio Resende do Carmo
- Departmento de Endodontologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36.036-900, Brazil
| | - Breno Valentim Nogueira
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Carlos Alberto Redins (LUCCAR)/Núcleo de Bioengenharia Tecidual, Departamento de Morfologia/Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, 29.043-900, Brazil
| | - Rodolpho José da Silva Barros
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Carlos Alberto Redins (LUCCAR)/Núcleo de Bioengenharia Tecidual, Departamento de Morfologia/Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, 29.043-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Sá Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Vida, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Vida, Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, MG, 35.010-180, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Terapia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36.036-900, Brazil
| | - Michele Munk
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Terapia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36.036-900, Brazil
| | - Humberto de Mello Brandão
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Leite, Pesquisador/Nanotecnologia, Juiz de Fora, 36.038-330, Brazil
| | - Carlos Magno da Costa Maranduba
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Terapia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36.036-900, Brazil.
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