Side effect experiences of South Korean women in their twenties and thirties after facial plastic surgery

Predictors of Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery in South Korean Women

BACKGROUND

Examining the characteristics of the growing cosmetic surgery (CS) consumer population could help promote safer cosmetic procedure practices. We identified the predictors of acceptance of cosmetic surgery (ACS) among South Korean women aged 20-69 years.

METHODS

An online survey was administered to 291 randomly sampled participants during August 30-September 6, 2021. An equal number of participants from each age group was selected. They completed a questionnaire concerning the general and CS-related characteristics, acceptance of cosmetic surgery scale, appearance satisfaction, self-esteem, and depression. The mean participants' age and body mass index were 44.12 (± 13.79) years and 22.15 (± 3.39) kg/m², respectively.

RESULTS

Approximately 90.0% of the participants had been exposed to a CS advertisement, with 96.2% having acquired information regarding the CS side effects and 52.6% considering CS in future. Eighty-eight (30.2%) participants had undergone CS. The most common surgical and non-surgical categories were eyelid surgery and botulinum toxin injection, respectively. The ACS increased with decreasing age (β = - 0.12, p < .05), exposure to a CS advertisement (β = 0.10, p < .05), consideration of undergoing CS in future (β = 0.59, p < .001), and increasing depression scores (β = 0.29, p < .001); collectively, these factors explained 43.0% of the variance (F = 25.21, p < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

"Consideration of undergoing CS" was the strongest ACS predictor in the multiple regression analysis for the entire study population and according to CS history. Future studies should conduct an in-depth analysis based on the current CS trends, intention to undergo CS in future, and past CS experiences of South Korean women aged 20-69 years.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

How cosmetic surgeons portray cosmetic procedures through Instagram? A content analysis on cosmetic surgeons' posts on Instagram

The present study intends to explore the visual and textual content of posts cosmetic surgeons shared on Instagram pages in order to present their cosmetic surgical or non-surgical procedures. To do so, this study employed a qualitative approach using textual and visual content analysis on 200 Instagram posts shared by cosmetic surgeons. The results demonstrated that the content of analyzed posts can be categorized as 12 sub-themes which are clustered around four main themes; "You have got some body imperfections," "Body imperfections are worrisome," "Cosmetic procedure is the solution; we provide it for you" and "It's not a real surgery!."

Lights, camera, scalpel: a lookback at 100 years of plastic surgery on the silver screen

BACKGROUND

The presentation of medical topics in the cinema can greatly influence the public's understanding and perception of a medical field, with regard to the doctors and surgeons, medical diagnosis, and treatment and outcome expectations. This study aims to evaluate the representation of plastic surgery in commercial films that include a character with a link to plastic surgery, either as a patient or surgeon.

METHODS

The international film databases Internet Movie Database (IMDb), The American Film Institute (AFI), and British Film Institute (BFI) were searched from 1919 to 2019 to identify feature-length films with a link to plastic surgery. Movies were visualized and analyzed to identify themes, and the portrayal of plastic surgery was rated negative or positive, and realistic or unrealistic.

RESULTS

A total of 223 films were identified from 1919 to 2019, produced across 19 countries. Various genres were identified including drama (41), comedy (25), and crime (23). A total of 172 patient characters and 57 surgeon characters were identified as major roles, and a further 102 surgeons as minor roles. Disparities were noted in presentation of surgeons, both in terms of race and gender, with the vast majority of surgeons being white and male. In total only 11 female surgeons were portrayed and only one black surgeon. Thirteen themes emerged: face transplantation, crime, future society, surgeon mental status, body dysmorphic disorder, vanity, anti-aging, race, reconstructive surgery, deformity, scarring, burns, and gender transitioning. The majority of films (146/223) provide an unrealistic view of plastic surgery, painted under a negative light (80/146). Only 20 films provide a positive realistic image (24/77).

CONCLUSIONS

There exists a complicated relationship between plastic surgery and its representation on film. Surgical and aesthetic interventions are portrayed unrealistically, with surgeons and patients presented negatively, perpetuating stigma, particularly with regard to cosmetic surgery. Cinema is also characterized by lack of representation of female and non-white surgeons. Recruitment of surgeons as technical advisors would help present a more realistic, representative view, without necessarily sacrificing creativity.Level of evidence: Not ratable.

Factors Affecting the Desire to Undergo Cosmetic Procedures Among the Nurses of Kermanshah, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

The number of people undergoing cosmetic procedures (CP) has been growing around the world in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine factors involved in the desire of nurses to undergo CP. A total of 360 nurses were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Stratified random sampling was used to select the samples. The data were collected using the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale and a questionnaire addressing social factors affecting the desire to undergo CP. More than half of the nurses (56.7%) were willing. Gender, social factors, and social appearance anxiety (SAA) were associated with undergoing CP. The results of logistic regression indicated that women were four times more willing to undergo CP than men, and for each unit increase in SAA score, the odds of desiring to undergo CP increased by 1.04. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test confirmed the goodness-of-fit of the regression model. Moreover, 3 independent variables of gender, SAA, and social factors were powerful predictors of the desire to undergo CP that could explain 39.9%-53.6% of changes in the desire to undergo CP. Further studies are needed to investigate the amount of CP and motivations to undergo CP in nurses.

Factors Affecting Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery in Adults in Their 20s-30s

BACKGROUND

This descriptive study investigates cosmetic surgery experience, awareness of side effects, self-esteem, and acceptance of cosmetic surgery (ACS) and aims to identify factors that affect ACS.

METHODS

Data on 398 randomly selected participants from a panel of sex-stratified adults in their 20s and 30s registered online with a Korean survey company were collected in September 2019. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, crosstabs, Chi-square test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression.

RESULTS

Among the subjects, 47.2% were male and 52.8% were female. The average age of the subjects was 29.98 years. While 91.7% of the subjects previously acquired information on side effects related to cosmetic surgery, the most frequent source was from "bus stops and subway stops," reported by 83.6% of them. Blepharoplasty was the most frequently performed procedure reported by 50 of the 89 subjects (22.4%) who underwent 1 or more cosmetic surgery procedures. Among 187 subjects (47.0%) considering cosmetic surgery in the future, "botulinum toxin" was the most frequently considered procedure. ACS of the subjects was higher with employment (β = .15, p < .001), previous experience with cosmetic surgery (β = .22, p < .001), consideration for future cosmetic surgery (β = .49, p < .001), and lower appearance satisfaction (AS) (β = -.10, p = .008), and the explanatory power of these variables was 41.7% (F = 72.08, p < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

Most of the subjects in this study were aware of the side effects of cosmetic surgery, and about half were considering cosmetic surgery in the future. Employment status, previous experience with cosmetic surgery, consideration for future cosmetic surgery, and AS were found to be factors affecting ACS. Correlations between age, BMI, ACS, AS, depression, and self-esteem were identified.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the table of contents or the online instructions to authors www.springer.com/00266 .