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El-Setouhy M, Makeen AM, Alqassim AY, Jahlan RA, Hakami MI, Hakami HT, Mahzari IM, Thubab HAA, Haroobi KY, Alaraj HA, El-Hariri HM. Prevalence and correlates of imposter syndrome and self-esteem among medical students at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303445. [PMID: 38723002 PMCID: PMC11081292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Imposter syndrome (IS) and low self-esteem (SE) are common issues affecting medical students that can impact their well-being and development. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with IS and SE among medical students at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, 523 medical students in years 2-6 at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia, completed validated questionnaires on IS (Young Imposter Scale) and SE (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale). Sociodemographic factors were also collected. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were used to analyze IS and SE prevalence and correlates. Five hundred twenty-three students with a mean age of 22.09 ± 1.933 participated. The prevalence of low SE and positive IS was 17.6% and 24.3%, respectively. IS and SE had a significant negative correlation (p<0.001). Several sociodemographic factors were associated with increased IS, including 2nd and 4th-year students, forced study choice, and a grade point average (GPA) of 3.0-3.49 (P<0.05). Paternal education beyond high school was associated with lower IS (P<0.05). Logistic regression analyses confirmed that 2nd-year students had a 3.88 times higher odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI); 2.19-6.88), and 4th-year students had a 2.37 times higher OR (95% CI; 1.40-4.02) of IS than other years. For SE, advanced academic years, forced study choice, 7+ hours of sleep, and a GPA above 3.5 were associated with higher levels (P<0.05). Negative self-appraisals were associated with lower SE, while positive attitudes were associated with higher SE (P<0.05). Our study reveals that IS and low SE are prevalent among Jazan University, Saudi Arabia, medical students. Therefore, intervention courses that address these issues in medical education at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia, may be necessary to support medical students' well-being and academic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged El-Setouhy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family and Community medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Faulty of Medicine, Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anwar M. Makeen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family and Community medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Y. Alqassim
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family and Community medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyadh A. Jahlan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family and Community medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Malik I. Hakami
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family and Community medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam T. Hakami
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family and Community medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. Mahzari
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family and Community medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam Aldeen A. Thubab
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family and Community medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Y. Haroobi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family and Community medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Alaraj
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family and Community medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem M. El-Hariri
- Department of Community Medicine, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Alkhaldi G. An Unprecedented Experience: Personal and Socio-Political Impacts of the COVID-19 Lockdown in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e54857. [PMID: 38405648 PMCID: PMC10894458 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to understand the experiences of different cultures and the application of preventive measures during a pandemic. That understanding can lead to the development of important evidence to grasp the global situation and prepare for future health crises. This qualitative study explores the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on individuals in Saudi Arabia, focusing on personal and socio-political effects. Employing semi-structured interviews with 28 participants, the research delves into the lived experiences during the early stages of the pandemic, highlighting emotional coping mechanisms, behavioral changes, role responsibility adaptations, and perceptions of governmental actions. The findings reveal a spectrum of emotional responses, from worry and fear to acceptance and contentment, and significant shifts in behavior and societal norms. The study underscores the importance of understanding cultural contexts in pandemic responses and offers insights into the resilience and adaptability of the Saudi community. It suggests the need for tailored interventions that consider the complex interplay of emotional, behavioral, and socio-political factors in managing future health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadah Alkhaldi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences/Community Health Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
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Moseray A, Fatoma P, Kamara ABS. Assessing the Reasons and Adverse Effects of Self-Medication in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sierra Leone. A Case Study of Moriba Town Section. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2024; 17:1-13. [PMID: 38193011 PMCID: PMC10771730 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s444658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare resources has led to an increase in self-medication as a coping mechanism. The purpose of the study is to investigate the prevalence of self-medication, the reasons behind it, and its potential consequences during the pandemic. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Moriba Town, Bo City, Southern Sierra Leone. Using a multistage systematic sampling technique, 246 adult participants were selected. Data were collected using Kobo collect electronic platform and analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results Out of the 246 adult residents who were sampled, 63 (26%) practiced self-medication. Among them, females (33 or 52%) were more prevalent than males (30 or 48%). The most dominant age groups for self-medication were 38-47 (22 or 35%) and 28-37 (18 or 29%). The major reasons for self-medication were fear of infection (189 or 77%), fear of quarantine (199 or 81%), and stigma (189 or 77%). Delays in treatment (113 or 46%) and unavailability of Covid-19 medications (92 or 37%) were also cited. However, a majority of respondents (162 or 66%) denied the influence of friends or media (168 or 68%) on their decision to self-medicate. Reasons like "delay in receiving treatment" and "influence of friends" showed significant association with self-medication (pValue <0.05). More than half of the respondents 177 (72%) did not practice self-medication before the pandemic. Adverse reactions due to self-medication included skin rashes and blisters 29 (45%) and drowsiness 24 (38%). Conclusion The prevalence of unsupervised medication before and after the pandemic was minimal suggesting little impact of the pandemic. Fear and social stigma were the main drivers for self-medication. To promote safety and informed health decisions, regulatory measures, and awareness campaigns are essential to control unsupervised medication sales, improve drug labeling, and educate the public about the dangers of self-medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Moseray
- Department of Public Health, School of Community Health Sciences, Njala University Bo Campus, Bo City, Sierra Leone
| | - Patrick Fatoma
- Department of Public Health, School of Community Health Sciences, Njala University Bo Campus, Bo City, Sierra Leone
| | - Abu-Bakarr Steven Kamara
- Department of Public Health, School of Community Health Sciences, Njala University Bo Campus, Bo City, Sierra Leone
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Wang G, Zheng C, Lu M, Luo L, Wan Z, Ma ZF. Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, practices, and risk perceptions regarding COVID-19: a cross-sectional study from China. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37361275 PMCID: PMC10020754 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-023-01877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Aim To analyze the level of knowledge, attitudes, practices, and risk perception regarding COVID-19 among Chinese residents 1.5 years after the pandemic. Subject and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with both online and paper questionnaires. We included a variety of covariates that were characteristic-related factors such as age, gender, education level, and retirement status, as well as those closely associated with risk perception regarding COVID-19. Results Participants (n = 3588), 53.49 ± 18.88 years old, from two provinces of China, of which 44.7% were male and 52.03% had a high school or greater level of education, answered the questions. More than 90% of participants had adequate background knowledge about COVID-19 and agreed or even strongly agreed with many attitude items related to the government's role in diagnosis, treatment, and dealing with COVID-19 infections. About three fifths of the participants reported fear of contracting COVID-19, but only a minority (18.63%) felt they were more susceptible than others. Respondents aged 45 years or younger were more likely to fear contracting the virus than those older than 45 years (adjusted OR = 1.464, 95% CI 1.196 to 1.794, P = 0.0002). High education level (adjusted OR = 1.503, 95% CI 1.187 to 1.904, P = 0.0007) and non-retired status (adjusted OR = 1.679, 95% CI 1.354 to 2.083, P < 0.0001) were associated with a higher perception of susceptibility to infection than others. Moreover, respondents who were not retired had a significantly reduced practice score (adjusted OR = 1.554, 95% CI 1.261 to 1.916, P < 0.0001). Age, retirement status, and education level were also associated with knowledge, attitude, and practice level. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the public generally has trust in the COVID-19 vaccine and the government with regard to COVID-19 in China. We recommend that high-risk groups of communities, such as elders and patients with chronic diseases, be given greater consideration in the outbreaks. Health education campaigns combined with workplace preventive intervention should be aimed at improving COVID-19 knowledge and beliefs in order to encourage more optimistic attitudes and to maintain safe practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, China
| | - Canjie Zheng
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, 324000 Zhejiang province China
| | - Mingxia Lu
- Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.105 Nongye South Road, Zhengzhou, 450016 Henan China
| | - Lan Luo
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Zhongxiao Wan
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Zheng Feei Ma
- Center for Public Health, School of Health and Social Wellbeing, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
- Center for Public Health, School of Health and Social Wellbeing, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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Rehman AU, Mian SH, Usmani YS, Abidi MH, Mohammed MK. Modeling Consequences of COVID-19 and Assessing Its Epidemiological Parameters: A System Dynamics Approach. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020260. [PMID: 36673628 PMCID: PMC9858678 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, coronavirus (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic and it remains prevalent today. A necessity to model the transmission of the virus has emerged as a result of COVID-19's exceedingly contagious characteristics and its rapid propagation throughout the world. Assessing the incidence of infection could enable policymakers to identify measures to halt the pandemic and gauge the required capacity of healthcare centers. Therefore, modeling the susceptibility, exposure, infection, and recovery in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial for the adoption of interventions by regulatory authorities. Fundamental factors, such as the infection rate, mortality rate, and recovery rate, must be considered in order to accurately represent the behavior of the pandemic using mathematical models. The difficulty in creating a mathematical model is in identifying the real model variables. Parameters might vary significantly across models, which can result in variations in the simulation results because projections primarily rely on a particular dataset. The purpose of this work was to establish a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) model describing the propagation of the COVID-19 outbreak throughout the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The goal of this study was to derive the essential COVID-19 epidemiological factors from actual data. System dynamics modeling and design of experiment approaches were used to determine the most appropriate combination of epidemiological parameters and the influence of COVID-19. This study investigates how epidemiological variables such as seasonal amplitude, social awareness impact, and waning time can be adapted to correctly estimate COVID-19 scenarios such as the number of infected persons on a daily basis in KSA. This model can also be utilized to ascertain how stress (or hospital capacity) affects the percentage of hospitalizations and the number of deaths. Additionally, the results of this study can be used to establish policies or strategies for monitoring or restricting COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateekh Ur Rehman
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Syed Hammad Mian
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusuf Siraj Usmani
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustufa Haider Abidi
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneer Khan Mohammed
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
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Aquiles-Barzola F, Verástegui-Sandoval A, Machco-Pasmiño H, Córdova-Limaylla N, Ladera-Castañeda M, Cervantes-Ganoza L, Cayo-Rojas C. Factors Associated with Epidemiological, Preventive and Health Care Knowledge of Dentists from North of the Peruvian Capital about COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study under a Predictive Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1020. [PMID: 36673776 PMCID: PMC9858654 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aim: In dental practice there is a high risk of contact with fluids that may contain SARS-CoV-2. Salivary secretions in the form of droplets are the main route of infection. The present study aimed to evaluate factors associated with epidemiological, preventive and health care knowledge of dentists from the north of the Peruvian capital about COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This analytical, observational, cross-sectional and prospective study evaluated 142 dental professionals from the Directorate of Integrated Health Networks (DIRIS) in the north of the Peruvian capital during June to August 2022. A validated questionnaire of 20 closed multiple-choice questions was used to measure the level of epidemiological, preventive and health care knowledge about COVID-19. A logit model was used to evaluate the influence of the following variables: age, sex, marital status, children, origin, university of origin, academic degree, work modality, work status and number of training courses. In addition, a predictive model was constructed with the causal variables considering a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Epidemiological, preventive and health care knowledge about COVID-19 was fair in 17.6%, 34.5% and 57.7%, respectively. Likewise, all the variables analyzed were influential factors. It was observed that being single (OR = 0.05, CI: 0.01−0.26), having studied at a private university (OR = 0.09, CI: 0.023−0.38) and having received four to six trainings on COVID-19 related topics (OR = 0.02, CI: 0.002−0.238) were protective factors against fair knowledge. Conclusions: More than half of the dentists surveyed had fair knowledge about COVID-19. The factors that favored a good level of overall knowledge were: being single, having studied at a private university and having received 4 to 6 training courses on COVID-19-related topics. It is advisable that the competent authorities continue to educate dental professionals with training programs about infection control practices in accordance with the health care work they perform in their specialty. It will also be of utmost importance for the professional to be updated with reliable information accredited by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as well as the WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor Aquiles-Barzola
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15001, Peru
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Professional Academic School of Dentistry, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru
| | - Arturo Verástegui-Sandoval
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Professional Academic School of Dentistry, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru
| | - Heriberto Machco-Pasmiño
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Professional Academic School of Dentistry, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru
| | - Nancy Córdova-Limaylla
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima 15067, Peru
- Academic Program of Dentistry, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15023, Peru
| | - Marysela Ladera-Castañeda
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15001, Peru
| | | | - César Cayo-Rojas
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15001, Peru
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima 15067, Peru
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