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Zakharenko LP, Petrovskii DV, Bobrovskikh MA, Gruntenko NE, Yakovleva EY, Markov AV, Putilov AA. Motus Vita Est: Fruit Flies Need to Be More Active and Sleep Less to Adapt to Either a Longer or Harder Life. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:98-115. [PMID: 36975551 PMCID: PMC10047790 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Activity plays a very important role in keeping bodies strong and healthy, slowing senescence, and decreasing morbidity and mortality. Drosophila models of evolution under various selective pressures can be used to examine whether increased activity and decreased sleep duration are associated with the adaptation of this nonhuman species to longer or harder lives. Methods: For several years, descendants of wild flies were reared in a laboratory without and with selection pressure. To maintain the “salt” and “starch” strains, flies from the wild population (called “control”) were reared on two adverse food substrates. The “long-lived” strain was maintained through artificial selection for late reproduction. The 24 h patterns of locomotor activity and sleep in flies from the selected and unselected strains (902 flies in total) were studied in constant darkness for at least, 5 days. Results: Compared to the control flies, flies from the selected strains demonstrated enhanced locomotor activity and reduced sleep duration. The most profound increase in locomotor activity was observed in flies from the starch (short-lived) strain. Additionally, the selection changed the 24 h patterns of locomotor activity and sleep. For instance, the morning and evening peaks of locomotor activity were advanced and delayed, respectively, in flies from the long-lived strain. Conclusion: Flies become more active and sleep less in response to various selection pressures. These beneficial changes in trait values might be relevant to trade-offs among fitness-related traits, such as body weight, fecundity, and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila P. Zakharenko
- Department of Insect Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630000, Russia
| | - Dmitrii V. Petrovskii
- Department of Insect Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630000, Russia
| | - Margarita A. Bobrovskikh
- Department of Insect Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630000, Russia
| | - Nataly E. Gruntenko
- Department of Insect Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630000, Russia
| | | | - Alexander V. Markov
- Department of Biological Evolution, The Moscow State University, Moscow 101000, Russia
- Borisyak Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 101000, Russia
| | - Arcady A. Putilov
- Research Group for Math-Modeling of Biomedical Systems, Research Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics of the Federal Research Centre for Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630000, Russia
- Laboratory of Sleep/Wake Neurobiology, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 101000, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-53674643 or +49-30-61290031
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Association between the Effects of High Temperature on Fertility and Sleep in Female Intra-Specific Hybrids of Drosophila melanogaster. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12040336. [PMID: 33918720 PMCID: PMC8069354 DOI: 10.3390/insects12040336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Humans and fruit flies demonstrate similarity in sleep-wake behavior, e.g., in the pattern of sleep disturbances caused by an exposure to high temperature. Although research has provided evidence for a clear connection between sleeping problems and infertility in women, very little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying this connection. Studies of dysgenic crosses of fruit flies revealed that an exposure to elevated temperature induces sterility in female intra-specific hybrids exclusively in one of two cross directions (progeny of Canton-S females crossed with Harwich males). Given the complexity and limitations of human studies, this fruit flies' model of temperature-sensitive sterility might be used for testing whether the effects of high temperature on fertility and on 24-h sleep pattern are inter-related. To document this pattern, 315 hybrids were kept for at least five days in constant darkness at 20 °C and 29 °C. No evidence was found for a causal link between sterility and sleep disturbance. However, a diminished thermal responsiveness of sleep was shown by females with temperature-induced sterility, while significant responses to high temperature were still observed in fertile females obtained by crossing in the opposite direction (i.e., Canton-S males with Harwich females) and in fertile males from either cross.
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Mah A, Ayoub N, Toporikova N, Jones TC, Moore D. Locomotor activity patterns in three spider species suggest relaxed selection on endogenous circadian period and novel features of chronotype. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2020; 206:499-515. [PMID: 32219511 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-020-01412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We examined the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity in three spider species in the Family Theridiidae under light-dark cycles and constant darkness. Contrary to previous findings in other organisms, we found exceptionally high variability in endogenous circadian period both within and among species. Many individuals exhibited circadian periods much lower (19-22 h) or much higher (26-30 h) than the archetypal circadian period. These results suggest relaxed selection on circadian period as well as an ability to succeed in nature despite a lack of circadian resonance with the 24-h daily cycle. Although displaying similar entrainment waveforms under light-dark cycles, there were remarkable differences among the three species with respect to levels of apparent masking and dispersion of activity under constant dark conditions. These behavioral differences suggest an aspect of chronotype adapted to the particular ecologies of the different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Mah
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Pl #809, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Nadia Ayoub
- Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Howe Hall, Lexington, VA, 24450, USA
| | - Natalia Toporikova
- Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, Howe Hall, Lexington, VA, 24450, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Washington and Lee University, 204 W. Washington Street, Lexington, VA, 24450, USA
| | - Thomas C Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Box 70703, Johnson City, TN, 37604, USA
| | - Darrell Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Box 70703, Johnson City, TN, 37604, USA.
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There is more to chronotypes than evening and morning types: Results of a large-scale community survey provide evidence for high prevalence of two further types. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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