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Wright ID, Jensen CD, Duraccio KM. Predictors of adherence to a brief sleep extension protocol in emerging adults. J Pediatr Psychol 2024:jsae025. [PMID: 38578604 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined how mental health symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress) and baseline sleep characteristics (i.e., sleep quality and levels of daytime sleepiness) predicted adherence to and initial success of a brief sleep extension research protocol in emerging adults. METHODS 184 emerging adults (ages 18-25; M = 20.96, SD = 2.04) were asked to extend their nightly sleep opportunity to 8 hr for 1 week and to anchor bedtime and waketime. Sleep outcomes (adherence and initial protocol success) were tracked using actigraphy. Baseline sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed using self-report questionnaires. RESULTS Poorer baseline sleep quality predicted better adherence to the protocol (p = .002). Other baseline sleep characteristics and mental health were not predictive of adherence (ps>.50). Lower levels of baseline daytime sleepiness approached significance in predicting greater initial protocol success following the protocol (p = .05). Baseline sleep quality and mental health did not predict initial protocol success (ps > 0.34). CONCLUSIONS Mental health symptoms did not significantly predict adherence to or the success of a sleep extension protocol. Surprisingly, individuals with poor baseline sleep quality were more likely to adhere to the extension protocol, perhaps suggesting heightened motivation for change or increased risk for sleep problems. This research provides valuable insight into factors that predict adherence to sleep extension protocols in emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella D Wright
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Chad D Jensen
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Kara M Duraccio
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
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Ibrahim D, Ahmed RM, Mohammad AZ, Ibrahim B, Mohammed T, Mohamed ME, Abdelgadir T, Mohammed B, Ibrahim M, Shaaban KMA. Prevalence and correlates of generalized anxiety disorder and perceived stress among Sudanese medical students. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:68. [PMID: 38263070 PMCID: PMC10807220 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) causes significant disturbance in an individual's well-being and activity. Whereby, interfering with the dynamic progress in life. Also, anxiety is a product of stress and a major predictor of academic performance. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), measure levels of anxiety and perceived stress, evaluate the academic profile, identify lifestyle characteristics, and explore the relationship between these factors. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 340 Sudanese medical students filled out online questionnaires, composed of the sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, academic profile, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 scale (GAD-2), and Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 20.0 for data analysis. RESULTS Of 340 medical students, 3.8% of them were diagnosed with GAD, while 29.1% scored ≥ 3 in GAD-2, indicating a possible diagnosis. The study found that 9.7% of the participants used addictive substances, with 42% of them having high GAD-2 scores. Moreover, high anxiety levels were associated with high-stress scores (p-value = 0.000). Also, high GAD-2 scores were significantly associated with students who spent less than 10,000 SDG (18 USD) weekly, spent more time on entertainment using smart devices (p-value = 0.004), and had an unhealthy diet (p-value = 0.004). Low anxiety levels were associated with better sleep quality (p-value = 0.00), satisfaction with religious practices (p-value = 0.00), and increased leisure/hobby time (p-value = 0.018). High-stress levels were observed in females (p-value = 0.035), those with lower academic performance satisfaction levels, and increased hours of smart device usage for entertainment (p-value = 0.001). Reduced stress levels were associated with being ≥ 23 years old, increased leisure/hobby time (p-value = 0.002), satisfaction with religious practices [F(3, 166.6) = 10.8, p-value = 0.00)], and having a healthy diet (p-value = 0.006). CONCLUSION The low prevalence of GAD corresponded with previous literature, but 29.1% of medical students had a high probability of having GAD. The study emphasizes on providing accessible mental health services for medical students and interventions addressing modifiable risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danya Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 11115, Khartoum, P. O Box: 321, Sudan.
| | - Reem Mohamed Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 11115, Khartoum, P. O Box: 321, Sudan
| | - Ayman Zuhair Mohammad
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Basil Ibrahim
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Tibyan Mohammed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 11115, Khartoum, P. O Box: 321, Sudan
| | - Mona Elfadl Mohamed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 11115, Khartoum, P. O Box: 321, Sudan
| | - Tibyan Abdelgadir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 11115, Khartoum, P. O Box: 321, Sudan
| | - Baraah Mohammed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 11115, Khartoum, P. O Box: 321, Sudan
| | - Moneib Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, 11115, Khartoum, P. O Box: 321, Sudan
| | - Kamil M A Shaaban
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Sun Q, Zhao X, Gao Y, Zhao D, Qi M. Mediating Role of PERMA Wellbeing in the Relationship between Insomnia and Psychological Distress among Nursing College Students. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:764. [PMID: 37754042 PMCID: PMC10525523 DOI: 10.3390/bs13090764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological distress is an important mental health problem in college students. Insomnia may be a major factor contributing to psychological distress. This study aimed to explore the indirect relationship between insomnia and psychological distress through the five PERMA wellbeing variables (i.e., positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning in life, and achievement) among nursing college students. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in China using an online survey design. Mediation analyses were examined using the PROCESS macro version 4.1 for SPSS 27.0. A total of 1741 nursing college students completed the online survey. RESULTS Insomnia was positively associated with psychological distress (p < 0.01, r = 0.673), while negative associations were detected between PERMA wellbeing variables and insomnia (p < 0.01, r range = -0.176 and -0.272), as well as psychological distress (p < 0.01, r range = -0.196 and -0.386). The association between insomnia and psychological distress was partially mediated by the participants' positive emotions (indirect effect = 0.137, SE = 0.024, 95% CI boot = [0.094, 0.188]), engagement (indirect effect = -0.033, SE = 0.010, 95% CI boot = [-0.054, -0.017]), and meaning in life (indirect effect = 0.027, SE = 0.014, 95% CI boot = [0.001, 0.055]) but not their relationships or achievement of the PERMA wellbeing variables. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that the PERMA wellbeing variables, especially positive emotions, engagement, and meaning in life, could be potential mechanisms by which insomnia is associated with psychological distress. The mediating roles of PERMA wellbeing variables between insomnia and psychological distress could be incorporated into the health management of university administrations to promote the health and wellbeing of nursing college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (X.Z.); (Y.G.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yiming Gao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (X.Z.); (Y.G.); (D.Z.)
| | - Di Zhao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (X.Z.); (Y.G.); (D.Z.)
| | - Meiling Qi
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (X.Z.); (Y.G.); (D.Z.)
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Wang Y, Wang X, Wang X, Guo X, Yuan L, Gao Y, Pan B. Stressors in university life and anxiety symptoms among international students: a sequential mediation model. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:556. [PMID: 37528380 PMCID: PMC10394910 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety is a common mental health problem among university students, and identification of its risk or associated factors and revelation of the underlying mechanism will be useful for making proper intervention strategies. The aim of our study is to test the sequential mediation of self-efficacy and perceived stress in the association between stressors in university life and anxiety symptoms. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was adopted and a sample of 512 international students from a medical university of China completed the survey with measurements of stressors in university life, self-efficacy, perceived stress and anxiety symptoms. RESULTS We found that 28.71% of the international students had anxiety symptoms, and stressors in university life were positively associated with anxiety symptoms (β = 0.23, t = 5.83, p < 0.01). Moreover, sequential mediating role of self-efficacy and perceived stress in the association between the stressors and anxiety symptoms was revealed. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided a new perspective on how to maintain the mental health, which suggested that self-efficacy improvement and stress reduction strategies should be incorporated in the training programs to support students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110022, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Xuehang Wang
- International Education School, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxi Guo
- International Education School, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lulu Yuan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuqin Gao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Bochen Pan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110022, China.
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Manzar MD, Kashoo F, Albougami A, Alamri M, Alotaibi JS, Alrasheadi BA, Almansour AM, Ahmad M, Sirajudeen MS, Sikkandar MY, Griffiths MD. The mediating role of attention deficit in relationship between insomnia and social cognition tasks among nurses in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15508. [PMID: 37426415 PMCID: PMC10327648 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Insomnia-related affective functional disorder may negatively affect social cognition such as empathy, altruism, and attitude toward providing care. No previous studies have ever investigated the mediating role of attention deficit in the relationship between insomnia and social cognition. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 664 nurses (Mage = 33.03 years; SD ± 6.93 years) from December 2020 to September 2021. They completed the Scale of Attitude towards the Patient (SAtP), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), a single-item numeric rating scale assessing the increasing severity of attention complaints, and questions relating to socio-demographic information. The analysis was carried out by examining the mediating role of attention deficit in the relationship between insomnia and social cognition. Results The prevalence of insomnia symptoms was high (52% insomnia using the AIS). Insomnia was significantly correlated with attention problems (b = 0.18, standard error (SE) = 0.02, p < 0.001). Attention problems were significantly negatively correlated with nurses' attitudes towards patients (b = -0.56, SE = 0.08, p < 0.001), respect for autonomy (b = -0.18, SE = 0.03, p < 0.001), holism (b = -0.14, SE = 0.03, p < 0.001), empathy (b = -0.15, SE = 0.03, p < 0.001), and altruism (b = -0.10, SE = 0.02, p < 0.001). Attention problems indirectly mediated the effect of insomnia on attitudes toward patients (99% CI = -0.10 [-0.16 to -0.05]), respect for autonomy (99% CI = -0.03 [-0.05 to -0.02]), holism (99% CI = -0.02 [-0.04 to -0.01]) empathy (99% CI = -0.03 [-0.04 to -0.01]), and altruism (99% CI = -0.02 [-0.03 to -0.01]). Conclusion Nurses with insomnia-related attention problems are likely to have poor explicit social cognition such as attitude toward patients, altruism, empathy, respect for autonomy, and holism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Dilshad Manzar
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah Univerity, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faizan Kashoo
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman Albougami
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah Univerity, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alamri
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jazi Shaydied Alotaibi
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah Univerity, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader A. Alrasheadi
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah Univerity, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mansour Almansour
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah Univerity, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehrunnisha Ahmad
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah Univerity, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Sherif Sirajudeen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Yacin Sikkandar
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Zhang M, Qin L, Zhang D, Tao M, Han K, Chi C, Zhang Z, Tao X, Liu H. Prevalence and factors associated with insomnia among medical students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: characterization and associated factors. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:140. [PMID: 36882710 PMCID: PMC9989587 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia has become an important issue in recent years. Insomnia is affected by many factors. Previous research has shown that during the COVID-19 pandemic, there would be a long-term negative effect on the mental health of medical college students. The state of medical college students' insomnia directly determines the results of medical education and the career development prospects of the medical students themselves. Therefore, it is very important to understand the insomnia situation of medical students in the post-epidemic era. METHODS This study was conducted 2 years after the global COVID-19 pandemic (April 1-April 23, 2022). The study used an online questionnaire, administered through a web-based survey platform. The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), GAD-2, PHQ-2, and socio-demographic information were surveyed by the Questionnaire Star platform. RESULTS The prevalence of insomnia was 27.80% (636/2289). Grade(P < 0.05), age(P < 0.001), loneliness(P < 0.001), depression(P < 0.001), anxiety(P < 0.001), fear of COVID-19 was highly correlated with insomnia (P < 0.001). Adapting to online class(P < 0.001) was a protective factor of smartphone addiction. CONCLUSIONS This survey shows that Insomnia was highly prevalent among the Chinese medical college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments and schools should through psychological interventions to address the current situation of insomnia among medical students, and formulate targeted programs and strategies to reduce their psychological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Li Qin
- Academic Affairs Office, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Mingfen Tao
- Department of Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Kangrong Han
- Ye Peida College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Chenru Chi
- Graduate School of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongying Zhang
- School of Management Engineering, Anhui Institute of Information Technology. Wuhu, Anhui, 241199, China
| | - Xiubin Tao
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China.
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Kong L, Cui Y, Gong Q. Duration of Keeping an Exercise Habit and Mental Illness and Life Attitude among University Students. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph191811669. [PMID: 36141940 PMCID: PMC9517129 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise has beneficial effects on human health, and several studies have examined the association between exercise and mental health. However, most of these studies focused on exercise intensity, duration, or frequency. Evidence for the association between the duration of maintaining an exercise habit and mental illness is lacking, especially in young adulthood-a crucial period that bridges adolescence and adulthood. This study investigated the association between the duration of keeping an exercise habit and mental illness and life attitude among Chinese university students. A total of 11,392 university students participated in this study (6866 men and 4526 women). The duration of keeping an exercise habit was evaluated using a questionnaire with relevant questions. Exercise habit was defined as exercising for longer than 30 min per session and more than twice a week. Mental illness consisted of two elements: depressive symptoms-assessed using the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale, and anxiety symptoms-assessed using the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale. Life attitude was assessed using a questionnaire with relevant questions. Multivariate logistic regression analysis examined the adjusted association between the duration of keeping an exercise habit and mental illness and life attitude. In the final adjusted model, compared to the no exercise category, the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of depressive symptoms were 0.80 (0.70, 0.91) for those with an exercise habit of 1-4 months, and 0.72 (0.63, 0.83) for those with one of >4 months (p for trend <0.001). Additionally, when compared to participants with no exercise habit, the adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for anxiety symptoms were 1.01 (0.90, 1.14) for those with a habit of 1-4 months and 0.78 (0.69, 0.88) for those with one of >4 months (p for trend =0.001). A longer duration of keeping an exercise habit was also significantly associated with positive life attitudes. Our results showed that a long duration of keeping an exercise habit was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of mental illness among university students. Further, maintaining a more prolonged exercise habit may benefit individuals' mental health in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Kong
- Department of Physical Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yufei Cui
- Department of Physical Education, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Qiang Gong
- Department of Physical Education, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
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Jahrami H, Haji EA, Saif ZQ, Aljeeran NO, Aljawder AI, Shehabdin FN, Fekih-romdhane F, Trabelsi K, Bahammam AS, Vitiello MV. Sleep Quality Worsens While Perceived Stress Improves in Healthcare Workers over Two Years during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Longitudinal Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1588. [PMID: 36011245 PMCID: PMC9408655 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to measure changes in sleep quality and perceived stress and their interrelationships in a sample of healthcare workers two years post the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a cohort design, data were collected from frontline healthcare workers (FLHCW, n = 70) and non-frontline healthcare workers (NFLHCW, n = 74) in April 2020 (T1) and in February 2022 (T2). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) were administered at both time points. There were no differences in sleep quality or perceived stress between FLHCW and NFLHCW at either timepoint. For the entire sample, the PSQI scores at T2 were significantly higher than at T1 (7.56 ± 3.26 and 7.25 ± 3.29, respectively) (p = 0.03, Cohen’s d = 0.18). PSS-10 scores at T2 were significantly lower than at T1 (19.85 ± 7.73 and 21.13 ± 7.41, respectively) (p = 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.78). Baseline sleep quality PSQI (T1) was a significant predictor for changes in sleep quality. During the initial months of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, poor sleep quality and perceived stress were common for healthcare workers. Two years into the pandemic, the perceived stress was reduced, but sleep quality worsened.
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Xiao P, Zhu K, Liu Q, Xie X, Jiang Q, Feng Y, Wu X, Tang J, Song R. Association between developmental dyslexia and anxiety/depressive symptoms among children in China: The chain mediating of time spent on homework and stress. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:495-501. [PMID: 34743962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between dyslexia and anxiety/depressive symptoms among children in China is unclear. Besides, the pathways to explain the risks are also undefined. METHODS 3993 primary school students from grade 2 to 6 were recruited in this study. The Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children and the Pupil Rating Scale-Revised Screening for Learning Disabilities were used to filter the dyslexic children. The Chinese perceived stress scale, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, and the Children's Depression Inventory-Short Form were used separately to assess stress, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms of the children. Time spent on homework was obtained by asking their parents: "How long does it take the children to complete the homework every day?". The chain mediation models were examined using SPSS PROCESS macro 3.3 software. RESULTS Dyslexic children spend more time on homework (2.61±1.15), and have higher scores for depression (4.75±3.60) and stress (26.55±7.40) compared to normal children (1.87±0.77, 3.25±3.32, and 23.20±8.43, respectively). The differences are statistically significant (all P<0.01). There is no direct association between dyslexia and anxiety symptoms, while dyslexia has a direct link with depressive symptoms. Dyslexia could affect anxiety/depressive symptoms via the independent mediating effect of stress and the chain mediating effect of time spent on homework and stress. The total indirect effect is 0.21 and 0.25, respectively. LIMITATIONS The data used in our study is self-reported and this is a cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS Time spent on homework and stress could mediate the association between dyslexia and anxiety/depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xiao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiheng Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyan Xie
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Feng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Children's Rehabilitation, Wuhan Psychology Hospital, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ranran Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Gustavsson K, Jernajczyk W, Wichniak A. Insomnia Partially Mediates the Relationship of Occupational Stress with Mental Health Among Shift Working Nurses and Midwives in Polish Hospitals. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1989-1999. [PMID: 36353570 PMCID: PMC9639594 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s375375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Insufficient sleep increases sensitivity to chronic stress and may be a precursor to the deterioration of mental health and the development of burnout. The aim of our study was to verify whether symptoms of insomnia mediate the relationship of occupational stress with mental health among nurses who work shifts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The analyses included 117 female nurses and midwives who work shifts. They filled in the 16-item Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERIQ) assessing occupational stress, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9, the question about sleep was excluded from the analyses), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7), and the 16-item Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) consisting of two scales - Disengagement and Exhaustion (OLBI-D and OLBI-E). RESULTS Insomnia partially mediated the association of the effort-reward imbalance ratio with depression, anxiety and the exhaustion dimension of burnout. We found no association of insomnia symptoms with the depersonalization dimension of burnout, but the effort-reward imbalance ratio was associated with the depersonalization scale. CONCLUSION The results showed that occupational stress has varying degrees of influence on mental health, partly depending on the severity of insomnia symptoms among nurses and midwives who work shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gustavsson
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Sleep Medicine Center, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Jernajczyk
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Sleep Medicine Center, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Wichniak
- Third Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
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Li Y, Jin S, Li Y, Guo F, Luo T, Pan B, Lei M, Liu Y. The Effects of Research Activities on Biomedical Students' Mental Health: A National Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:796697. [PMID: 35422724 PMCID: PMC9004543 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.796697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health disorders are prevalent among biomedical students, and scientific research is one of their main activities, yet less is known about the relationship between research activities and mental health among these students. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the associations between research activities and mental health and to identify the potential risk factors for anxiety and depression among biomedical students in China. This study enrolled 1,079 participants between November 2020 and December 2020 from 29 Chinese provinces and collected participants' basic characteristics, work situations, scientific achievements, and potential stress sources via an online questionnaire. Anxiety and depression were evaluated by two widely used scales, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), respectively. The study also assessed the associations between scientific research duration and mental health. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the predictors of anxiety and depression. Among the participants, 39.02% scored as having moderate to severe anxiety, and 37.54% scored as having moderate to severe depression. When the Youden index reached its maximum, the optimal cutoff was 7.17 h for the GAD-7 and 6.83 h for the PHQ-9. After adjustment for confounders, a longer research work duration was significantly associated with a higher anxiety [odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21-1.44, p < 0.01] and depression (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.17-1.39, p < 0.01). Of all the participants working for 7 h a day, 37.04% had already published at least one paper and 25.93% had at least one Science Citation Index paper. Anxiety and depression are common among biomedical students. The research work duration of 7 h a day is the best cutoff for mental health, and it is associated with acceptable scientific research achievements. Not more than 7 h a day on research is recommended for biomedical students to maintain a balance between mental health and scientific research achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyang Jin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Dermatology, Ningxia Yiyang Geriatric Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxing Lei
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaosheng Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Manzar MD, Alghadir AH, Anwer S, Alqahtani M, Salahuddin M, Addo HA, Jifar WW, Alasmee NA. Psychometric Properties of the General Anxiety Disorders-7 Scale Using Categorical Data Methods: A Study in a Sample of University Attending Ethiopian Young Adults. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:893-903. [PMID: 33790558 PMCID: PMC7997591 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s295912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the psychometric validation of the General Anxiety Disorders-7 Scale (GAD-7) using appropriate data assumptions. This study examined the reliability, factorial validity, divergent validity, and item analysis of the GAD-7 using categorical data methods in a sample of Ethiopian young adults. METHODS A sample of 270 students in the age group (18-20 years) was recruited during February-May of 2017 in this cross-sectional study using simple random sampling. The participants completed a tool for socio-demographic details, the GAD-7, and the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). RESULTS The cumulative variance rule (> 40%), the scree test, Kaiser's criteria (Eigenvalues > 1), and the parallel analysis found a 1-factor model for the GAD-7 (factor loadings, 0.38 to 0.63). Fit indices suggested a 1-factor model: the tests applied included the weighted root mean square residual (0.030), comparative fit index (1.000), the goodness of fit index (1.00), root mean square error of approximation (0.037) and the non-normed fit index (1.00). McDonald's Omega (0.772) implied that the scores had adequate internal consistency. Divergent validity was supported by significant but weak correlations that were found between the GAD-7 and PSS-10 scores (r = 0.11 to 0.25, p<0.05). CONCLUSION The psychometric validity of the GAD-7 in Ethiopian university attending young adults was supported by the categorical data method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Dilshad Manzar
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnawaz Anwer
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Building and Real Estate, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Mazen Alqahtani
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Salahuddin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University (Mizan Campus), Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia.,Pharmacology Division, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Habtamu Acho Addo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University (Mizan Campus), Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Wakuma Wakene Jifar
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Mettu University, Metu, Ethiopia
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