Efficacy and safety of icotinib as first-line therapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer

QT-Interval Prolongation, Torsades de Pointes, and Heart Failure With EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Systematic Review

A systematic literature review was conducted to determine the incidence and mortality of QT-interval prolongation (QTp), torsades de pointes (TdP), and heart failure (HF) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) TKIs. Of 296 identified publications, 95 met eligibility criteria and were abstracted for QTp/TdP and HF outcomes (QTp/TdP: 83 publications, including 5 case study publications; HF: 79 publications, including 6 case study publications [involving 8 patients]). QTp incidence ranged from 0% to 27.8% in observational studies and from 0% to 11% in clinical trials, with no deaths due to QTp. There were no TdP events or deaths due to TdP. The incidence of HF ranged from 0% to 8%, and HF mortality rates ranged from 0% to 4%. Patients receiving treatment with EGFR TKIs should be monitored for signs of QTp, TdP, and HF per prescribing information. Standardized definitions and methods to improve monitoring of QTp, TdP, and HF-related events are needed in patients with NSCLC.

Prognosis prediction of icotinib as targeted therapy for advanced EGFR-positive non-small cell lung cancer patients

Clinical trials on icotinib, a first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), have shown promising results as targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to establish an effective scoring system to predict the one-year progression-free survival (PFS) of advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations treated with icotinib as targeted therapy. A total of 208 consecutive patients with advanced EGFR-positive NSCLC treated with icotinib were enrolled in this study. Baseline characteristics were collected within 30 days before icotinib treatment. PFS was taken as the primary endpoint and the response rate as the secondary endpoint. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were used to select the optimal predictors. We evaluated the scoring system using a five-fold cross-validation. PFS events occurred in 175 patients, with a median PFS of 9.9 months (interquartile range, 6.8-14.5). The objective response rate (ORR) was 36.1%, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 67.3%. The final ABC-Score consisted of three predictors: age, bone metastases and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). Upon comparison of all three factors, the combined ABC-score (area under the curve (AUC)= 0.660) showed a better predictive accuracy than age (AUC = 0.573), bone metastases (AUC = 0.615), and CA19-9 (AUC = 0.608) individually. A five-fold cross-validation showed good discrimination with AUC = 0.623. The ABC-score developed in this study was significantly effective as a prognostic tool for icotinib in advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations.

Efficacy of Icotinib, an EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Exon 19 Deletion and Exon 21 L858R: A Retrospective Analysis in China

INTRODUCTION

The effect of icotinib on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR exon 19 deletions (19-Del) or L858R point mutation in exon 21 (21-L858R) remains inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of icotinib in patients with advanced NSCLC harboring these 2 EGFR mutations.

METHODS

We retrospectively assessed the clinical effects of first-line icotinib on advanced NSCLC patients with 2 classic EGFR mutations. Kinase activity assays were used to reaffirm the preclinical efficacy.

RESULTS

Among 2,757 patients, 2,365 (86%) harbored 19-Del (1,346/2,757, 49%) or 21-L858R (1,019/2,757, 37%) mutation. Patients with 19-Del had a higher response rate (ORR; 67.8 vs. 62.1%; p = 0.0039) and disease control rate (98.5 vs. 97.2%; p = 0.0223) than those with 21-L858R mutation. The median progression-free survival (PFS) in the 19-Del group (22.3 months, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.3-23.4) was significantly longer than that in the 21-L858R group (20.4 months, 95% CI: 19.5-21.7) (p = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, mutation types, clinical stage, and smoking history were significant factors for PFS. Additionally, an in vitro study indicated the 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of icotinib was lower for EGFR 19-Del than 21-L858R.

CONCLUSION

These results suggest that EGFR 19-Del confers superior PFS and response to the icotinib treatment compared to 21-L858R.

Icotinib versus Cisplatin Plus Docetaxel as Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Stage II (N1+) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring Positive EGFR Mutations: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Purpose

The superior efficacy of first-line treatment with icotinib over that of standard chemotherapy has been well demonstrated in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. However, whether icotinib is superior to cisplatin plus docetaxel as adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage II (N1+) NSCLC selected by EGFR mutation is controversial.

Methods

A total of 43 patients with completely resected stage II (T1-2N1M0) NSCLC and proven sensitive EGFR mutation (19Del or L858R) between January 2010 and December 2019 were included in our study. The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed in 22 patients treated with icotinib and 21 patients treated with cisplatin plus docetaxel. Factors affecting DFS and OS were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimator and univariate Cox regression analysis.

Results

Our cohort included 22 icotinib patients and 21 cisplatin plus docetaxel patients with a median follow-up of 35.5 months and 38 months, respectively. Survival time was significantly longer in the icotinib group than in the chemotherapy group, with a median DFS of 47 months (95% CI, not reached) versus 18 months (95% CI, 12.4-23.6; HR 0.16; 95% CI, 0.07-0.35; log-rank p<0.0001). In the icotinib group, the most common adverse effects (AEs) were skin rash (40.9%) and elevated alanine aminotransferase (22.7%), whereas in the cisplatin plus docetaxel group, the most common AEs were nausea or vomiting (90.5%), anorexia (71.4%), and fatigue (71.4%). No deaths were treatment-related.

Conclusion

In this study, we demonstrated that in EGFR mutation-positive patients with completely resected stage II (T1-2N1M0) NSCLC, icotinib might provide DFS benefits, and reduced drug toxicity compared to cisplatin plus docetaxel. Thus, icotinib may be a reasonable option for adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with pathological stage II (N1+) NSCLC with EGFR mutation.

Diagnostic value analysis of combined detection of Trx, CYFRA21-1 and SCCA in lung cancer

The expression levels of thioredoxin (Trx), cytokeratin fragment 21–1 (CYFRA21-1) and serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) in patients with lung cancer and the diagnostic value of combined detection were investigated. Sixty-five patients with lung cancer in Weihai Municipal Hospital from January 2014 to June 2017 were retrospectively selected as the observation group, while 60 healthy subjects receiving physical examination were selected as the control group. The expression levels of serum Trx, CYFRA21-1 and SCCA were detected. The sensitivity and specificity of single detection and combined detection of these indexes were compared. Moreover, the diagnostic values of single detection and combined detection were analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The levels of CYFRA21-1 and SCCA were the highest in squamous carcinoma (P<0.05). The level of Trx was the highest in small cell lung cancer compared with those in squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). The levels of serum Trx, CYFRA21-1 and SCCA in lung cancer patients in clinical stage III–IV were obviously higher than those in patients in clinical stage I–II (P<0.001). The positive rate of Trx was the highest in small cell lung cancer, and the positive rates of CYFRA21-1 and SCCA were the highest in squamous carcinoma compared with other cancers (P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of combined detection of the three indexes was the largest. The optimal cut-off value of combined detection of the three indexes in lung cancer was 9.952 with the sensitivity of 86.2% and specificity of 75.0%. The detection of serum Trx, CYFRA21-1 and SCCA is of great significance in the diagnosis, progression and pathological type of lung cancer, and combined detection can improve both specificity and sensitivity, which is more conducive to the positive rate of diagnosis of lung cancer.

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Central Nervous System Metastases from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Central nervous system (CNS) metastases are a common complication in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), resulting in a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Treatment of CNS metastases requires a multidisciplinary approach, and the optimal treatment options and sequence of therapies are yet to be established. Many systemic therapies have poor efficacy in the CNS due to the challenges of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), creating a major unmet need for the development of agents with good BBB-penetrating biopharmaceutical properties. Although the CNS penetration of first- and second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is generally low, EGFR-TKI treatment has been shown to delay time to CNS progression in patients with CNS metastases from EGFR-mutated disease. However, a major challenge with EGFR-TKI treatment for patients with NSCLC is the development of acquired resistance, which occurs in most patients treated with a first-line EGFR-TKI. Novel EGFR-TKIs, such as osimertinib, have been specifically designed to address the challenges of acquired resistance and poor BBB permeability and have demonstrated efficacy in the CNS. A rational, iterative drug development process to design agents that could penetrate the BBB could prevent morbidity and mortality associated with CNS disease progression. To ensure a consistent approach to evaluating CNS efficacy, special consideration also needs to be given to clinical trial endpoints.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE

Historically, treatment options for patients who develop central nervous system (CNS) metastases have been limited and associated with poor outcomes. The development of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has improved outcomes for patients with EGFR-mutated disease, and emerging data have demonstrated the ability of these drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier and elicit significant intracranial responses. Recent studies have indicated a role for next-generation EGFR-TKIs, such as osimertinib, in the treatment of CNS metastases. In the context of an evolving treatment paradigm, treatment should be individualized to the patient and requires a multidisciplinary approach.

Efficacy and safety of icotinib in treating non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis based on 15 studies

Icotinib is a new epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that developed and used in China; this work was to evaluate its efficacy and safety in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of icotinib in treating NSCLC were identified from the databases of Medline, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrance Library. Pooled efficacy and safety of icotinib were calculated through a series of predefined search strategies. A total of 15 studies with 2,304 patients were involved in this study. The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) of icotinib were 40.99% (95% CI: 33.77% to 48.22%) and 77.16% (95% CI: 51.43% to 82.31%). The pooled progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 7.34 months (95% CI: 5.60 to 9.07) and 14.98 months (95% CI: 9.78 to 20.18). Patients with EGFR mutations exhibited better ORR (OR = 3.67, p < 0.001), DCR (OR = 1.39, p = 0.001) and PFS (11.0 ± 0.76 vs. 1.97 ± 0.82 months). Moreover, patients with rash had a higher ORR (OR = 2.14, p = 0.001) than those without rash. The common adverse effects (AEs) included skin rash (31.4%), diarrhea (14.2%), pruritus (6.7%) and hepatic toxicity (3.8%) and most of them were well tolerated. In conclusion, Icotinib is an effective and well tolerated regimen for Chinese patients with advanced NSCLC. Further randomized trials with large population are required to provide stronger evidence for icotinib in treating NSCLC.

Clinical efficacy of icotinib in lung cancer patients with different EGFR mutation status: a meta-analysis

Icotinib is a novel and the third listed epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), which exerts a good anti-tumor efficacy on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The efficacy of EGFR-TKIs has been shown to be associated with the EGFR mutation status, especially exon 19 deletion (19Del) and exon 21 L858R mutation. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy of icotinib in NSCLC patients harboring EGFR mutations (19Del or L858R) and wild type (19Del and L858R loci wild type). A total of 24 studies were included for comparing the objective response rate (ORR) in the EGFR wild type and mutant patients treated with icotinib. The ORRs of EGFR mutant patients (19Del or L858R) are better than those of EGFR wild type patients (OR = 7.03(5.09-9.71), P < 0.00001). The pooling ORs from 21 studies on the disease control rate (DCR) in EGFR mutant patients are better than those of EGFR wild type patients (OR = 10.54(5.72-19.43), P < 0.00001). Moreover, the ORRs of EGFR 19Del patients are better than those of EGFR L858R patients after pooling ORs of 12 studies (OR = 2.04(1.12-3.73), P = 0.019). However, there was no significant difference on DCRs of EGFR 19Del patients and those of EGFR L858R patients (OR = 2.01(0.94-4.32), P = 0.072). Our findings indicated that compared with EGFR wild type patients, EGFR mutant patients have better ORRs and DCRs after icotinib treatment; EGFR 19Del patients treated with icotinib have better ORRs than EGFR L858R patients. EGFR mutation status is a useful biomarker for the evaluation of icotinib efficacy in NSCLC patients.

Survival difference between EGFR Del19 and L858R mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving gefitinib: a propensity score matching analysis

OBJECTIVE

Although superior clinical benefits of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) had been reported, the survival difference between exon 19 deletion (Del19) and exon 21 Leu858Arg substitution (L858R) remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between different EGFR mutant subtypes among advanced NSCLC patients receiving gefitinib.

METHODS

There were 204 advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations treated with gefitinib were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into the EGFR Del19 group and the L858R mutated group according to their mutant subtype. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted by using a nearest-neighbor algorithm (1:1) to adjust for demographical and clinical covariates. Survival curves were constructed with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by using the log-rank test.

RESULTS

The PFS in Del19 group was similar to that in the L858R group [before PSM 8.6 vs. 7.2 months, P=0.072; after PSM 7.3 vs. 7.2 months, P=0.155]. No differences were detected in OS between the L858R and the Del19 group (before PSM 17.8 vs. 13.1 months, P=0.253; after PSM 16.9 vs. 13.1 months, P=0.339). The Del19 group was significantly younger compared with the L858R mutation group in age (P=0.015).

CONCLUSIONS

No significant difference was found in the PFS or OS between the Del19 and L858R mutant NSCLC patients receiving gefitinib. The age gap might contribute to the survival differences between Del19 and L858R groups. PSM is of important value to the elimination of potential bias.