The Cross-Cultural Adaptation and the Reliability Test for the Chinese-Version Dietary Behavior and Psychological Series Scales in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Post-Stroke Checklist into Mandarin: A Cognitive Interview Study

PURPOSE

This study aimed to translate the Post-stroke Checklist into Mandarin, validate its content, and cross-culturally adapt the Mandarin version of the Post-stroke Checklist (M-PSC) in line with expert review and cognitive interviewing.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

After translating into Mandarin, the M-PSC was modified and content validated using expert review, which resulted in a pilot version for cognitive interviewing among stroke survivors inclusive of subjects from an outpatient unit (n = 7), a rehabilitation department using traditional Chinese medicine (n = 10), and a community (n = 10). The interviews were transcribed and analyzed according to the four-stage cognitive model. A set of nine practice rounds where the number of rounds of iteration was determined based on the saturation of information was conducted. Data analysis was performed concurrently with data collection. Recommendations for changes to the M-PSC were made based on the analyses in the iteration.

RESULTS

We successfully developed an initial M-PSC, back-translated it into English, reviewed the discrepancies and performed a three-step expert review to modify the M-PSC and validate its excellent content. Twenty-seven interviews were carried out, and a wide range of sources of error primarily related to the comprehension, retrieval of information, and judgment was reported, and each item of the M-PSC was rectified accordingly.

CONCLUSION

The Post-stroke Checklist was translated into Mandarin and cross-culturally adapted based on expert review and cognitive interviewing. Adaptations were made to support that the Mandarin version can be implemented in clinical practice for long-term post-stroke care.

Food Literacy and Its Associated Factors in Non-Dialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

PURPOSE

Nephrology professionals' understanding of food literacy (FL) and influencing factors is significant for nutrition management, which is key to controlling disease progress among non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, few studies have explored FL in CKD patients. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the level of FL of non-dialysis patients with CKD and to analyze influencing factors in China.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A total of 203 CKD patients without dialysis were recruited from August to December 2020 to participate in a cross-sectional study. Food literacy was assessed by a modified short food literacy questionnaire for adults. Related influencing factors were measured by the motivation for dietary self-control scale and the satisfaction with dietary behavior scale. Data were also collected regarding patients' health information-seeking behavior (four items), satisfaction and compliance with dietary advice from healthcare professionals (two items), and demographics and clinical diagnoses.

RESULTS

The mean age of patients was 44.5 years (range 18 to 75), and 42.5% were male. Most (50.2%) were in stages 1-2 of CKD. The mean FL score of these patients was 38.75±0.38. The multivariable linear regression analysis shows that secondary educational level (β=0.221, p=0.004), motivation for controlling diet (β=0.198, p=0.003), satisfaction with dietary behaviors (β=0.319, p<0.001), and health information-seeking behavior (β=0.146, p=0.019) were significant influencing factors.

CONCLUSION

Food literacy of Chinese CKD patients without dialysis should be improved. Patients with higher education levels exhibit more active information-seeking behaviors, have greater satisfaction with dietary behaviors, and their motivation for dietary self-control is more likely to be associated with better FL. Healthcare workers should be aware of factors influencing FL and attempt to integrate assessment of FL into routine food-related education for CKD patients.